Download or read book International Terrorism and Transnational Crime Security Threats U S Policy and Considerations for Congress written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The involvement of insurgent and extremist groups in criminal activity is an issue that has been a concern of U.S. administrations for decades. In recent years, some observers have claimed that interactions between international terrorists and criminals are increasing. If true, expanded links between criminal and terrorist networks could increase U.S. vulnerability to attack by terrorist groups with enhanced criminal capabilities and financial resources. An expanded range of combined criminal and terrorist activity could also affect the global economy and U.S. foreign policy goals, undermining licit international commerce and the promotion of good governance and rule of law. Threats posed by a crime-terrorism nexus may be particularly challenging, as the scale and nature of their cooperation are believed to vary widely and limited anecdotal evidence largely serves as the basis for current understanding of the problem. U.S. efforts to combat the relationship between crime and terrorism are a subset of broader policy responses to transnational crime and international terrorism individually. While numerous U.S. strategies and programs are designed to combat international terrorism and transnational crime separately, fewer efforts focus specifically on addressing the confluence of the two. Those efforts that do exist focus mainly on (1) human smuggling and clandestine terrorist travel, (2) money laundering and terrorist financing, and (3) narcoterrorism links between drug traffickers and terrorists. Many of these efforts, including the creation of the Human Smuggling and Trafficking Center, the reorganization of the Treasury Departments Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence, and the expanded extraterritorial jurisdiction authority to investigate and prosecute international narcoterrorism cases, occurred in response to the attacks of September 11, 2001. Congress played a large role in such efforts, holding at least eight hearings specifically on some aspect of c.

Download or read book International Terrorism and Transnational Crime written by John Rollins and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) Intro.; (2) Crime-Terrorism Partnerships and Transformations; (3) The Crime-Terrorism Toolbox; (4) Interaction of Terrorism and Crime: Dawood Ibrahim¿s D-Co.; Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia; 2004 Madrid Bombers; The Taliban; Abu Ghadiyah, Monzer Al Kassar and Viktor Bout; Hezbollah; Al Qaeda; 2005 London Bombings; Al-Shabaab; Mexico¿s La Familia, Colombia¿s Medellin, Italy¿s Mafia, and Brazil¿s Prison Gangs; (5) Selected U.S. Gov¿t. Actions Addressing the Confluence of International Terrorism and Transnat. Organized Crime; State Dept.; Treasury Dept.; Fin¿l. Crimes Enforce. Network; DoD; DoJ: IOC-2; DEA; FBI; DHS; Intell. Comm¿y.; (6) Counterterrorism: What Role for Anti-Crime?

Download or read book The Terrorist Criminal Nexus written by Jennifer L. Hesterman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Postmodern global terrorist groups engage sovereign nations asymmetrically with prolonged, sustained campaigns driven by ideology. Increasingly, transnational criminal organizations operate with sophistication previously only found in multinational corporations. Unfortunately, both of these entities can now effectively hide and morph, keeping law e

Download or read book Links between terrorism and transnational crime groups written by Robert Fiedler and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-12-27 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2008 in the subject Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict, Security, grade: 1,3, Macquarie University, language: English, abstract: Given today’s existence of hundreds of terrorist groups and thousands of criminal ones (Schmid, 2005) it is not surprisingly that in “some cases a symbiosis between terrorism and organised crime occurred that did not exist before” (Laqueur, 1999, p. 211). In fact, since the early 1990’s “Western law enforcement agencies have noted an increased reliance on criminal activities by terrorist groups” (Mili, 2006, p. 8) a relationship that seems only natural given that terrorism itself is always a crime (Gorka, 2000). Hence, it is assumed that there is a “close connection between international terrorism and transnational organized crime” (United Nations Security Council, 2001). Some even argue that both criminal activities “bleed into one another” (Makarenko, 2003) and that there is a “possibly irreversible trend towards a convergence of these activities” (Williams & Sanova, 1995, p. 28). In the following this paper will argue that the linkages between criminal and terrorist activities have increased since the end of Cold War in the early 1990’s. However, the structure of these linkages is contested in the scholarly debate. In order to find a conclusion, this paper will analyze major changes in the structure of terrorist and criminal groups. In a second section the prevailing scenarios of a terrorist-criminal nexus will be outlined and critically discussed.

Download or read book Organized Criminal Terrorism written by Inmaculada Rocha and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2024-09-23 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book contributors engage into the theoretical dialogue about the interplay between terrorism and organized crime. Arguing in favor of its existence, the authors of the book seek to define the phenomenon of ‘organized criminal terrorism’ and examine the appropriateness of the international and regional legal frameworks on terrorism and organized crime to address this unitary criminal phenomenon. The volume reveals similarities and differences between terrorism and organized crime that support views in favor of new international legal instruments and those that defend the current approach to combat organized criminal terrorism. Contributors hope that the book will form the basis for a more informed discussion on the issue.

Download or read book Defining International Terrorism written by Stella Margariti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-01 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an attempt to approach the issue of defining international terrorism, proposing that the most workable way to do so is to achieve due balance between the two principal driving forces of international law developments: State sovereignty interests and cosmopolitan ideals. All those who aspire to the promotion of international criminal justice and the fight against impunity agree that the formulation of a universal definition of international terrorism will further enhance the fight against terrorism and offer a universally acceptable legal framework within which this fight can be conducted. Discussed in an in-depth manner are, for instance, the UN Charter Provisions, the Rome Statute and the principle of complementarity, the Kampala amendments on the crime of aggression, the paradigms of aggression and terrorism, and prominent anti-terrorist Security Council Resolutions such as Resolution 1368 and Resolution 1373. The volume broadens the reader’s understanding on how State sovereignty interests and priorities as well as ideals of cosmopolitanism have influenced the development of international law in general and international criminal law in particular. Furthermore, it simplifies the complicated picture of defining international crimes by explaining how the ‘State sovereignty’ and ‘Cosmopolitanism’ dynamics have also been of relevance throughout the drafting process of the definition of the crime of aggression for the purposes of the Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court. In addition, it equips the reader with an understanding of the reasons behind the lack of an international definition for terrorism and suggests an appropriate context within which such a definition can take shape. It intends to appeal to academics and students with an interest in international criminal law and the international criminal justice system, international law and security, but also to anyone with an interest in transnational crime and counter-terrorism. Stella Margariti has recently graduated from the University of Dundee where she attained the title of Doctor from the School of Law.

Download or read book Terrorism and Transnational Organized Crime written by Claudia Müller and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2012 in the subject Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict, Security, grade: 1,0, Humboldt-University of Berlin, language: English, abstract: “We will direct every resource at our command to win the war against terrorists, every means of diplomacy, every tool of intelligence, every instrument of law enforcement, every financial influence. We will starve the terrorists of funding, turn them against each other, rout them out of their safe hiding places, and bring them to justice” (Cited in Biersteker and Eckert 2008: 1). President George W. Bush, September 24, 2001 In the immediate aftermath of the attacks in the United States on 11 September 2001 President W. Bush declared America’s “War on Terrorism” in which he assured to defeat terrorist movements and their methods of funding that could be used to support the acts of global terrorist (Biersteker and Eckert 2008; 1). The examination of broader terrorism studies literature shows “financial and material resources are correctly perceived as the lifeblood of terrorist operations, and governments have determined that fighting the financial infrastructure of terrorist organizations is the key to their defeat” (Grialdo and Trinkunas 2007; 1). Since the attacks of 9/11 the US has designed a strong strategy to fight terrorist groups and their financing. International and national measures have been carried out such as the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, the enforcement of international sanctions, and the expansion of law enforcement to target terrorism financing and disrupt terrorist operation (Sheppard 2002). However, the spectrum of terrorist funding is broad. In particular, the increasing reliance on criminal activities by terrorist since the end of the Cold War and the subsequent decline of state sponsorship, such as the rising pressure of law enforcement, network structures became an essential source to safeguard the existence of many terrorist and criminal groups. The development of the so- called “crime- terror” nexus, in which two traditionally autonomous groups started to expose various operational and structural parallels, implicated a key income source for terrorists and has brought sheer difficulty to develop successful strategies to freeze the terrorist monetary trail. In the following, this essay examines the involvement of terrorist groups in criminal activities as a source of funding and whether or not it is a sustainable and profitable source for terrorist funding. Moreover, we try to evaluate to what extent the so- called “terror-crime nexus” poses a threat to global security.

Download or read book Historical Perspectives on Organized Crime and Terrorism written by James Windle and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-02-20 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, in the context of the War on Terror and globalization, there has been an increased interest in terrorism and organized crime in academia, yet historical research into such phenomena is relatively scarce. This book resets the balance and emphasizes the importance of historical research to understanding terrorism and organized crime. This book explores historical accounts of organized crime and terrorism, drawing on research from around the world in such areas as the USA, UK, Ireland, France, Colombia, Somalia, Burma, Turkey and Trinidad and Tobago. Combining key case studies with fresh conceptualizations of organized crime and terrorism, this book reinvigorates scholarship by comparing and contrasting different historical accounts and considering their overlaps. Critical ‘lessons learned’ are drawn out from each chapter, providing valuable insights for current policy, practice and scholarship. This book is an indispensable guide for understanding the wider history of terrorism and organized crime. It maps key historical changes and trends in this area and underlines the vital importance of history in understanding critical contemporary issues. Taking an interdisciplinary approach and written by leading criminologists, historians and political scientists, this book will be of particular interest to students of terrorism/counter-terrorism, organized crime, drug policy, criminology, security studies, politics, international relations, sociology and history.

Download or read book Transnational Terrorism Organized Crime and Peace Building written by W. Benedek and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-05-12 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume investigates the role of the transnational terrorist and criminal organizations in the peace-building processes, with a particular focus on the Western Balkan region. Conducted within the framework of human security analysis, the research focuses on the security of the human being.

Download or read book Transnational Terrorist Groups and International Criminal Law written by Anna Marie Brennan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-07-27 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attacks by network-based transnational terrorist groups cause on average 25,000 deaths every year worldwide, with the law enforcement agencies of some states facing many challenges in bringing those responsible to justice. Despite various attempts to codify the law on transnational terrorism since the 1930s, a crime of transnational terrorism under international law remains contested, reflecting concerns regarding the relative importance of prosecuting members of transnational terrorist groups before the International Criminal Court. This book critically examines the limits of international criminal law in bringing members of transnational terrorist groups to justice in the context of changing methods of warfare, drawing from human rights, sociology, and best practices in international criminal justice. Drawing on organisational network theory, Anna Marie Brennan explores the nature of international crimes and assesses the potential for the International Criminal Court to prosecute and investigate alleged crimes perpetrated by members of transnational terrorist groups, paying particular attention to their modus operandi and organisational structure. This book argues that because of the network-based organisational structure of some transnational terrorist groups, achieving justice for victims will prove challenging, in the context of the relationship between the commanders and the subordinate members of the group requiring a re-evaluation of accountability mechanisms at the international level. In advancing an innovative perspective on the accountability of members of transnational terrorist groups, and in offering solutions to current challenges, the book will be of great interest and use to academic, practitioners, and students engaged in the study of terrorism, the ICC, or international humanitarian law.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Transnational Crime and Justice written by Margaret E. Beare and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2012-04-26 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accessible and jargon-free and available in both print and electronic formats, the one-volume Encyclopedia of Transnational Crime and Justice contains a range of up-to-date entries that not only reflect transnational crime, but transnational justice.

Download or read book Global Terrorism written by Ramesh Chandra and published by Gyan Publishing House. This book was released on 2003-08 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main theme in Global Terrorism covering volumes 4 to 6 has deep bearing on the world in transition, terrorism in Europe and European strategies and Terrorism in India. They have been weaved into several phases like nature of terrorism, social customs, fanaticism, transnational terrorism, funding and modes of communication, security and civil reights, Government response; phases of terrorism in Europe, North Africa, Middle East region, the United States, North America and Latin America. The sixth chapter deals with various phases of Terrorism in India which has been covered into eleven chapters, viz, Terrorism in Punjab, India under threat and role of the youth including women, strategy and option, need for a Combined Defence Organisation, the role of media, unwarranted excesses, power rivalry in India sub-continent, ugly faces of terrorism, role of army in North-East and the Jihadi terror in Kashmir. These volumes will be useful for teachers, statesmen, parliamentarians and students in India and abroad.

Download or read book International Law and Transnational Organised Crime written by Pierre Hauck and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-06-23 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the end of the Cold War, states have become increasingly engaged in the suppression of transnational organised crime. The existence of the UN Convention against Transnational Organised Crime and its Protocols demonstrates the necessity to comprehend this subject in a systematic way. Synthesizing the various sources of law that form this area of growing academic and practical importance, International Law and Transnational Organised Crime provides readers with a thorough understanding of the key concepts and legal instruments in international law governing transnational organised crime. The volume analyses transnational organised crime in consideration of the most relevant subareas of international law, such as international human rights and the law of armed conflict. Written by internationally recognized scholars in international and criminal law as well as respected high-level practitioners, this book is a useful tool for lawyers, public agents, and academics seeking straightforward and comprehensive access to a complex and significant topic.

Download or read book Transnational Organized Crime written by Frank G. Madsen and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2009 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains the history and development of organized crime and clearly demonstrates the economics and practices of crime in the era of globalization.

Download or read book Transnational Crime and the Criminal Terrorist Nexus Synergies and Corporate Trends written by Col Jennifer L Hesterman and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-08-01 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing the convergence of organized crime, drug trafficking, and terrorism requires the new paradigm of strategic thinking ushered in by the war on terrorism. Such an effort cannot be seen through a diplomatic, military, law enforcement, financial, or intelligence lens alone. Rather, it demands a prism of all of these to offer a comprehensive and coordinated approach. Colonel Hesterman's analysis of this subject is accurate and timely. She provides a fresh look at the criminal/terrorist nexus and by examining corporate trends, provides unique insights into funding aspects of both activities. This important subject matter is ripe for further policy and substantive analytical focus. Analysts and policy makers alike can use her study's conclusions and recommendations in their efforts to protect our nation against this vexing threat.

Download or read book Revisiting the Relationship Between International Terrorism and Transnational Organised Crime 22 Years Later written by Alex P. Schmid and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Research Paper opens with a conceptual discussion about definitions of ‘organised crime/groups’ (OCGs) and ‘terrorism/terrorist groups (TGs)’. It distinguishes between four types/levels of ‘links’ between OCGs and TGs and identifies two special types of violent hybrid organisations. It first summarises the main findings of a background report on the links between transnational organised crime groups and international terrorist groups, prepared by the author for the UN Crime Commission in the mid-1990s. After presenting key aspects of transnational OCGs and TGs in the 1990s, and comparing some of the features noted then to the situation today, the paper elaborates key differences and similarities between these two types of organisations.

Download or read book Terrorism and Violence in Southeast Asia written by Paul J. Smith and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-26 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely work examines the scale and root causes of terrorism across Southeast Asia, including the role of al-Qaeda's ascendancy in the region. It begins with an overview of the analytical and theoretical framework for discussing the subject. Individual chapters then examine terrorist activities from both functional and country-specific perspectives. The book traces fundamental linkages between terrorism and security issues, such as illegal immigration, narcotics trafficking, and other criminal activity. In addition, it considers the issue of convergence - the growing connection between criminal groups and terrorism, and how this may facilitate future violence. Written by a range of experts in the field, the individual chapters reflect a variety of perspectives. The contributions fall into two broad categories - chapters that directly address terrorism (the groups, their ideologies, their modus operandi, their origins, and state responses to them); and chapters that address the "enabling environment" that exists in Southeast Asia (the role of transnational crime, porous borders, convergence between terrorism and crime).