Download or read book Limits to Globalization written by Eric Sheppard and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-06-24 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes how globalizing capitalism-the economic system now presumed to dominate the global economy-can be understood from a geographical perspective. This is in contrast to mainstream economic analysis, which theorizes globalizing capitalism as a system that is capable of enabling everyone to prosper and every place to achieve economic development. From this perspective, the globalizing capitalism perspective has the capacity to reduce poverty. Poverty's persistence is explained in terms of the dysfunctional attributes of poor people and places. A geographical perspective has two principal aspects: Taking seriously how the spatial organization of capitalism is altered by economic processes and the reciprocal effects of that spatial arrangement on economic development, and examining how economic processes co-evolve with cultural, political, and biophysical processes. From this, globalizing capitalism tends to reproduce social and spatial inequality; poverty's persistence is due to the ways in which wealth creation in some places results in impoverishment elsewhere.
Download or read book Technology Accumulation and Diffusion written by Pier Carlo Padoan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: June 1997 National patterns of technology diffusion found in country estimates probably reflect sectoral variations more than country variations. They also reflect different degrees of internationalization. Recently, interest in regionalism has mushroomed, and economists have analyzed it not only from the viewpoint of trade but that of foreign investment, macroeconomics, and political economy. But questions of technological regionalism-whether the accumulation and diffusion of technology has a regional dimension-have been considered only marginally and indirectly. Padoan offers an exploratory analysis of the regional dimension of technology and diffusion, examining both country and sectoral aspects of it. Empirical results suggest that regional trade agreements do not necessarily lead to spillover patterns in regional knowledge. But knowledge may be diffused through vehicles other than trade. National patterns of technological accumulation seem more important than regional patterns. In particular, more internationalized economies seem capable of commanding a substantial amount of knowledge diffusion, which may sometimes follow regional patterns. These conclusions are partly confirmed by sectoral estimates that show that regional patterns of knowledge diffusion are highly sector-specific. The knowledge base varies greatly across sectors. This paper - a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department - was prepared for the department's research project on regional integration.
Download or read book Heckscher Ohlin Trade Theory written by Eli Filip Heckscher and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1991 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the corrected and first complete translation from Swedish of Heckscher's 1919 article on foreign trade as well as a translation from Swedish of Ohlin's 1924 Ph.D. dissertation, the main source of the now famous Heckscher-Ohlin theorem.
Download or read book Trade Growth and Technical Change written by Daniele Archibugi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-02-26 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, first published in 1998, examines the interconnections between technology, economic growth and international trade.
Download or read book Trade and the Accumulation and Diffusion of Knowledge written by Pierre Carlo Padoan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: November 1996 The accumulation of knowledge affects trade performance and competitiveness, but trade also (through imports) affects the accumulation of knowledge. Padoan examines the properties of a dynamic disequilibrium model focused on trade specialization and the accumulation of knowledge. He uses a sector breakdown (four export and two import sectors) following Pavitt's (1984) taxonomy, which is especially appropriate for empirically analyzing the relationship between innovation activities and production and export performance. Steady-state analysis shows that: * Under perfectly balanced growth (no change in trade specialization and a uniform growth of knowledge), international diffusion of knowledge is irrelevant for growth. * Under unbalanced growth (with changes in the structure of specialization), the process of structural change may be enhanced by the effects on the domestic accumulation of knowledge of domestic spillover, as innovation activities in one sector generate positive externalities on the rest of the economy. The growth of foreign knowledge has an ambivalent effect on domestic performance because it is both a complement to, and a substitute for, domestic knowledge. Whenever these two effects do not perfectly match, the diffusion of international knowledge is associated with unbalanced growth. Imports of knowledge-intensive goods may not lead to higher growth unless there is sufficiently strong trade performance in the knowledge-intensive sectors (that is, there are thresholds in expansion of market share). This result, whose implications for developing countries is relevant, is not usually reported in the literature in which greater accumulation of foreign knowledge unambiguously leads to higher growth in the country that imports technology through trade. Unbalanced growth is also associated with output catching up. Technological catching up is necessary but not sufficient for balanced growth. Parameter estimates were obtained for France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Results appear to be consistent with theoretical expectations about the importance of price and nonprice determinants of trade performance in the four sectors. Results also seem to be generally consistent with the distribution of revealed comparative advantages in the sense that the country cases exhibit high and significant price and knowledge elasticities and high adjustment speeds - suggesting a good capacity to deliver in sectors with revealed comparative advantage. Simulation exercises confirm steady-state results on the relevance of country differences in trade specialization and in the domestic accumulation of knowledge as they affect growth. They also clarify the relationship between growth and changes in the structure of trade specialization. This paper - a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to assess the role of technology diffusion in economic development.
Download or read book Technology Trade and Growth in OECD Countries written by Valentina Meliciani and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2001-05-10 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting new material and a fresh perspective, Technology, Trade and Growth in OECD Countries, provides a unifying framework for the exploration of the role played by specialisation in economic growth and international competitiveness.
Download or read book Japan s Growing Technological Capability written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The perspectives of technologists, economists, and policymakers are brought together in this volume. It includes chapters dealing with approaches to assessment of technology leadership in the United States and Japan, an evaluation of future impacts of eroding U.S. technological preeminence, an analysis of the changing nature of technology-based global competition, and a discussion of policy options for the United States.
Download or read book World Development Report 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.
Download or read book Rethinking International Trade written by Paul Krugman and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1994-03-29 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, a small group of economists has challenged traditional wisdom about international trade. Rethinking International Trade provides a coherent account of this research program and traces the key steps in an exciting new trade theory that offers, among other possibilities, new arguments against free trade. Over the past decade a small group of economists has challenged traditional wisdom about international trade. Rethinking International Trade provides a coherent account of this research program and traces the key steps in an exciting new trade theory that offers, among other possibilities, new arguments against free trade. Krugman's introduction is a valuable guide to research that has delved anew into the causes of international trade and reopened basic questions about the international pattern of specialization, the effects of protectionism, and what constitutes an optimal trade policy. In the four sections that follow, he takes a revisionary look at the causes of international trade, and discusses growth and the role of history, technological change and trade, and strategic trade policy.
Download or read book Global Transformations written by David Held and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the authors set forth a new model of globalization that lays claims to supersede existing models, and then use this model to assess the way the processes of globalization have operated in different historic periods in respect to political organization, military globalization, trade, finance, corporate productivity, migration, culture, and the environment. Each of these topics is covered in a chapter which contrasts the contemporary nature of globalization with that of earlier epochs. In mapping the shape and political consequences of globalization, the authors concentrate on six states in advanced capitalist societies (SIACS): the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, France, Germany, and Japan. For comparative purposes, other statesparticularly those with developing economicsare referred to and discussed where relevant. The book concludes by systematically describing and assessing contemporary globalization, and appraising the implications of globalization for the sovereignty and autonomy of SIACS. It also confronts directly the political fatalism that surrounds much discussion of globalization with a normative agenda that elaborates the possibilities for democratizing and civilizing the unfolding global transformation.
Download or read book Global Productivity written by Alistair Dieppe and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-06-09 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COVID-19 pandemic struck the global economy after a decade that featured a broad-based slowdown in productivity growth. Global Productivity: Trends, Drivers, and Policies presents the first comprehensive analysis of the evolution and drivers of productivity growth, examines the effects of COVID-19 on productivity, and discusses a wide range of policies needed to rekindle productivity growth. The book also provides a far-reaching data set of multiple measures of productivity for up to 164 advanced economies and emerging market and developing economies, and it introduces a new sectoral database of productivity. The World Bank has created an extraordinary book on productivity, covering a large group of countries and using a wide variety of data sources. There is an emphasis on emerging and developing economies, whereas the prior literature has concentrated on developed economies. The book seeks to understand growth patterns and quantify the role of (among other things) the reallocation of factors, technological change, and the impact of natural disasters, including the COVID-19 pandemic. This book is must-reading for specialists in emerging economies but also provides deep insights for anyone interested in economic growth and productivity. Martin Neil Baily Senior Fellow, The Brookings Institution Former Chair, U.S. President’s Council of Economic Advisers This is an important book at a critical time. As the book notes, global productivity growth had already been slowing prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and collapses with the pandemic. If we want an effective recovery, we have to understand what was driving these long-run trends. The book presents a novel global approach to examining the levels, growth rates, and drivers of productivity growth. For anyone wanting to understand or influence productivity growth, this is an essential read. Nicholas Bloom William D. Eberle Professor of Economics, Stanford University The COVID-19 pandemic hit a global economy that was already struggling with an adverse pre-existing condition—slow productivity growth. This extraordinarily valuable and timely book brings considerable new evidence that shows the broad-based, long-standing nature of the slowdown. It is comprehensive, with an exceptional focus on emerging market and developing economies. Importantly, it shows how severe disasters (of which COVID-19 is just the latest) typically harm productivity. There are no silver bullets, but the book suggests sensible strategies to improve growth prospects. John Fernald Schroders Chaired Professor of European Competitiveness and Reform and Professor of Economics, INSEAD
Download or read book Pathbreakers written by Margrit Müller and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2008 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book concentrates on how small European countries coped with economic integration and disintegration during the twentieth century. Small countries had to adapt flexibly to the drastically changing conditions outside their borders. They had to find ways of maintaining their political autonomy notwithstanding their economic dependence, and they have been quite successful in accomplishing this difficult balancing act. The authors analyse how small countries responded to the challenges of the international system and describe the different policies and strategies pursued by governments, industries and firms. Originating from the XIII. Congress of the International Economic History Association (IEHA), the contributions to this volume offer new perspectives on a widely debated topic and contribute to a better understanding of the current process of globalisation in small and large countries. The volume is divided into three sections: I. Coping with Different Regimes for International Trade and Changing Competitiveness; II. From an Open World Economy to Economic Disintegration and Protectionism; III. Trade Liberalisation, European Integration and Deregulation.
Download or read book The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities Using Patent Data as Science and Technology Indicators Patent Manual written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysts and policy makers have made increasing use of patent indicators to analyse the rate and direction of technological activity. The Patents Manual, issued in 1994, provides information on how patent data can be used as indicators, and also ...
Download or read book Rising Income Inequality written by Chris Papageorgiou and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the relationship between trade and financial globalization and the rise in inequality in most countries in recent decades. We find technological progress as having a greater impact than globalization on inequality. The limited overall impact of globalization reflects two offsetting tendencies: whereas trade globalization is associated with a reduction in inequality, financial globalization-and foreign direct investment in particular-is associated with an increase. A key finding is that both globalization and technological changes increase the returns on human capital, underscoring the importance of education and training in both developed and developing countries in addressing rising inequality.
Download or read book Sectoral Systems of Innovation written by Franco Malerba and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-08-12 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a novel way of examining innovation in sectors by proposing the framework of sectoral systems of innovation. It analyses the innovation process, the factors affecting innovation, the changing boundaries and transformation of sectors, and the determinants of the innovation performance of firms and countries in different sectors.
Download or read book Transnational Corporations and Innovatory Activities written by John Cantwell and published by Taylor & Francis US. This book was released on 1994 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Nature of the Transnational Firm written by Christos Pitelis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-06-23 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nature of the Transnational Firm brings together the major approaches to the transnational firm in one volume. Leading thinkers present overviews of a vibrant theoretical literature and assess the current state of analysis. Thoroughly revised and updated to take account the explosive growth of foreign direct investment in the 1990s, this volume will be welcomed by students and researchers of international business, international economics and business economics. Contributors include: John Cantwell, John H. Dunning, Edward M. Graham, Jean-Francois Hennart, Neil Kay.
