Download or read book The Future of the International Group Agreement and International Pooling Agreement of the International Group of P I Clubs written by Ulrike Niemann and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2012-11-08 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 1,0, Kiel University of Applied Sciences, language: English, abstract: The following striking news was announced on 26 August 2010 in Brussels on the billboard of the involved parties: “Antitrust: Commission opens formal probe into marine insurance agreements” (Commission 2010a, IP/10/1079: 1-2). From that day on publication no. IP/10/1072 became a well-known EU paper among marine insurance market participants. It has influenced its daily operation, although this is not necessarily obvious, since it is still considered a rather sensitive topic and is thus hidden from any further publicity. After having announced this, the European Commission has made good on its word and started an investigation process of which the following extract lays the foundation: The thirteen largest clubs of non-governmental mutual marine insurance societies, the Protection & Indemnity clubs (P&I clubs), are members of the International Group of P&I clubs. Currently they insure third-party liabilities to more than 90% of the world sea-going tonnage, around 95% of the ocean-going tankers and about 60% in terms of the amount of world-wide trading vessels. These clubs are covered by an agreement of mutuality, the International Group Agreement (IGA). They are bound by its particular guidelines on claims-sharing and joint reinsurance with the intention of preventing other member clubs from undercutting each other’s price rates in case of a ship owner switching from its insuring club (holding club) to another club (new club) within the Group membership. The EU commission claims some of the regulations of the International Group of P&I Clubs are questionable in terms of the competition among the member P&I clubs as well as the entry barriers for non-member clubs to the relevant markets.
Download or read book An Introduction to P I Insurance and Loss Prevention written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive introduction to marine liability insurance, otherwise known as protection and indemnity (P&I).
Download or read book International group protection aims and methods in human rights written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Concept and Present Status of the International Protection of Human Rights written by Bertie G. Ramcharan and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Introduction to P I Insurance and Loss Prevention written by North of England P & I Association and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide provides a comprehensive introduction to the fascinating world of marine liability insurance. It focuses in particular on the services provided by the members of the International Group of P&I Clubs, who mutually insure over 90% of the world's ocean-going fleet of merchant shipping tonnage. The guide also introduces the key international conventions and regulations governing international shipping practice as well as the all-important topic of maritime lossprevention. Mutual shipowners' liability clubs originated in England in the nineteenth century and this guide is written and published by the world's first combined protection and indemnity club - North of England P&I Association. Formed in 1886, the club is now widely regarded as one of the most successful. This guide is intended as a standalone publication for anyone wishing to get a basic grounding in P&I insurance and loss prevention. It also serves as the main reference book for North of England's long-established Training course on the topic. -Back cover.
Download or read book American International Group written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Group Rights and Discrimination in International Law written by Natan Lerner and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-07-18 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Group Rights and Discrimination in International Law written by Nātān Lerner and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Race and Racial Prejudice.
Download or read book Constitutional Law and Practice in the International Labour Organisation written by Osieke and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 1985-03 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book P I Clubs Law and Practice written by David Semark and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fourth edition is a detailed but easy-to-follow account of the constitution, workings and daily practice of protection and indemnity clubs. Designed to be a practical reference source for anyone who is in any way involved with mutual insurance, it offers comprehensive guidance on the complex area of P&I Clubs. The new fourth edition has been fully revised and updated since the last edition was written in 1999. New areas emphasised in the fourth edition include: • Piracy • Charterers’ liability insurance • Defence Cover • Disputes concerning the Inter-Club Agreement • Enforceability of arbitration agreements in the Club’s Rules. • The Club’s obligation to (i) make direct payments under certificates, (ii) pay death/ personal injury claims in the event of a member’s insolvency, and (iii) make indivisible personal injury claims.
Download or read book American International Group s Impact on the Global Economy written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Financial Services. Subcommittee on Capital Markets, Insurance, and Government Sponsored Enterprises and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Access of Individuals to International Justice written by Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-08-25 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contends that the right of access to justice (at national and international levels) constitutes a basic cornerstone of the international protection of human rights, and conforms a true right to the Law. It amounts, lato sensu, to the right to the realization of justice. In such understanding, it comprises not only the formal access to a tribunal or judge, but also respect for the guarantees of due process of law, the right to a fair trial, and to reparations (whenever they are due), and the faithful execution of judgments. On its part, the right to an effective domestic remedy is a basic pillar of the rule of law in a democratic society. In its part, the right of international individual petition, together with the safeguard of the integrity of international jurisdiction, constitute the basic foundations of the emancipation of the individual vis-à-vis his own State. This is a domain that has undergone a remarkable development in recent years. It is submitted that the right of access to justice belongs today to the domain of jus cogens. Without it, there is no legal system at all. The protection of the human person in the most adverse circumstances has evolved amongst considerations of ordre public. Such recent evolution has been contributing to the gradual expansion of the material content of jus cogens. Furthermore, the very notion of "victim" (encompassing direct, indirect and potential victims) has been the subject of a considerable international case-law. Victims have had their cause vindicated in situations of utmost adversity, if not defencelessness (e.g., abandoned or "street children", undocumented migrants, members of peace communities in situations of armed conflict, internally displaced persons, individuals in infra-human conditions of detention, surviving victims of massacres).
Download or read book International Protection of Minorities written by Satish Chandra and published by Mittal Publications. This book was released on 1986 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Humanitarian Assistance written by Peter Macalister-Smith and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Managing Babel The International Legal Protection of Minorities in the Twentieth Century written by Li-Ann Thio and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Minority protection is integral to a civilised standard of internal good governance. The goal of promoting friendly inter-group relations within states highlights the linkages between constitutionalism and the extending reach of international law in shaping domestic governance and structuring relations between the state, non-state communities and individuals. While law per se cannot guarantee the security and integrity of minority groups, law and legal institutions play a role in promoting a tolerant and pluralistic environment and a multicultural ethos that appreciates, rather than resents, ethno-cultural diversity. This book is a comprehensive, modern study of the important field of international protection of minority rights, focusing on 20th century developments. Minority rights regimes, which address the issue of group identity and autonomy, have essentially been a stabilising force, buttressing state survivability in the face of claims to self-determination or secession. These serve to promote the peaceful co-existence of distinct ethno-cultural groups, captured by the metaphor of ‘Babel’, within existing states. Despite overlaps, the content of minority protection is more modest than the claim of indigenous groups for collective rights or peoples’ rights to self-determination. As part of the contemporary corpus of human rights norms, minority protection may be appreciated as an aspect of the evolving content of the ‘internal’ dimension of the right to self-determination. Chapter 1 introduces some key definitional and conceptual problems in the field of minority protection and presents a brief historical review of international approaches up to 1919. Chapter 2 discusses the League of Nations era. Chapter 3 examines approaches towards minority protection after World War Two as reflected in the drafting of the United Nations Charter and efforts to protect minorities outside the UN regime. In this period, discussed in Chapters 4 and 5, minorities' issues remained largely submerged within the UN project of promoting universal individual human rights. Chapter 6 addresses the post-1989 revival in minorities' issues within the UN; Chapter 7 offers a succinct overview of what might be considered a parallel history with respect to the development of regional human rights schemes and what these afford to minority protection, closing with concluding observations. Meticulously researched, this volume offers a valuable synthesis of this important but often heart-breaking field.
Download or read book Protecting The Poor A Microinsurance Compendium written by Craig Churchill and published by Academic Foundation. This book was released on 2008 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Protection of Vulnerable Groups under International Human Rights Law written by Ingrid Nifosi-Sutton and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-07-06 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The protection of vulnerable groups varies under international human rights law. Depending on the group at stake, protection may be more or less advanced. In some cases, the international community has deemed it necessary to adopt conventions providing for the rights of certain vulnerable groups and establishing mechanisms to verify State compliance. Other groups have not been the focus of States’ standard-setting endeavours, but their protection still falls within the scope of human rights treaties of general application and the mandate of their respective monitoring bodies. This book takes an innovative approach to the investigation of the international legal protection of vulnerable groups. Rather than examining the situation of a number of vulnerable groups and applicable international or regional conventions, this book reviews the overall scope of the protection of vulnerable groups under International Human Rights Law. This book conceptualizes the protection of vulnerable groups as an underlying and essential component of International Human Rights Law through a systematic and comprehensive analysis of international human rights law instruments and relevant practice of international and regional human rights monitoring bodies. The book illuminates how human rights monitoring bodies foster protection of vulnerable groups and their members at the domestic level, and underscores and assesses vulnerability paradigms these bodies have elaborated. The book also puts forward a legal definition of vulnerable groups. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of international human rights law.
