Download or read book Internal Wave Generation Over Rough Sloped Topography written by Lauren E. Eberly and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internal waves exist everywhere in stratified fluids - fluids whose density changes with depth. The two largest bodies of stratified fluid are the atmosphere and ocean. Internal waves are generated from a variety of mechanisms. One common mechanism is wind forcing over re- peated sinusoidal topography, like a series of hills. When modeling these waves, linear theory has been employed due to its ease and low computational cost. However, recent research has shown that non-linear effects, such as boundary layer separation, may have a dramatic impact on wave generation. This research has consisted of experimentation on sloped, sinusoidal hills. As of yet, no experimental research has been done to characterize internal wave generation when repeated sinusoidal hills lie on a sloped surface such as a continental slope or a foothill. In order to perform this experiment, a laboratory was built which employed the synthetic schlieren method of wave visualization. Measurements were taken to find wind speed, boundary layer thickness, and density perturbation. From these data, an analysis was performed on wave propagation angle, wave am- plitude, and pressure drag. The result of the analysis shows that when wind blows across a series of sloped sinusoidal hills, fluid becomes trapped in the troughs of the hills resulting in a lower apparent forcing amplitude. The generated waves contain less energy than linear predictions. Ad- ditionally, the sloped hills produce waves which propagate at an angle away from the viewer. A necessary correction, which shifts from the reference frame of the observer to the reference plane of the waves is described. When this correction is applied, it is shown that linear theory may only be applied for low Froude numbers. At high Froude numbers, the effect of the boundary layer is great enough that the wave characteristics deviate significantly from linear theory predictions. The analyzed data agrees well with previous studies which show a similar deviation from linear theory.
Download or read book Nonlinear Internal Waves in Lakes written by Kolumban Hutter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-25 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internal wave dynamics in lakes (and oceans) is an important physical component of geophysical fluid mechanics of ‘quiescent’ water bodies of the Globe. The formation of internal waves requires seasonal stratification of the water bodies and generation by (primarily) wind forces. Because they propagate in basins of variable depth, a generated wave field often experiences transformation from large basin-wide scales to smaller scales. As long as this fission is hydrodynamically stable, nothing dramatic will happen. However, if vertical density gradients and shearing of the horizontal currents in the metalimnion combine to a Richardson number sufficiently small (
Download or read book Ocean Mixing written by Michael Meredith and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-16 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean Mixing: Drivers, Mechanisms and Impacts presents a broad panorama of one of the most rapidly-developing areas of marine science. It highlights the state-of-the-art concerning knowledge of the causes of ocean mixing, and a perspective on the implications for ocean circulation, climate, biogeochemistry and the marine ecosystem. This edited volume places a particular emphasis on elucidating the key future questions relating to ocean mixing, and emerging ideas and activities to address them, including innovative technology developments and advances in methodology. Ocean Mixing is a key reference for those entering the field, and for those seeking a comprehensive overview of how the key current issues are being addressed and what the priorities for future research are. Each chapter is written by established leaders in ocean mixing research; the volume is thus suitable for those seeking specific detailed information on sub-topics, as well as those seeking a broad synopsis of current understanding. It provides useful ammunition for those pursuing funding for specific future research campaigns, by being an authoritative source concerning key scientific goals in the short, medium and long term. Additionally, the chapters contain bespoke and informative graphics that can be used in teaching and science communication to convey the complex concepts and phenomena in easily accessible ways. - Presents a coherent overview of the state-of-the-art research concerning ocean mixing - Provides an in-depth discussion of how ocean mixing impacts all scales of the planetary system - Includes elucidation of the grand challenges in ocean mixing, and how they might be addressed
Download or read book An Experimental Investigation of Low mode Internal Wave Generation and Interaction with Shelf Topography written by Abigail Clarke Mitchell and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A set of laboratory experiments were performed to examine the generation of low-mode internal waves and their interaction with an idealized continental shelf/slope topography. A tunable wave generator was utilized to produce a high-quality mode-1 wave field in a linearly stratified fluid. Modal analysis results indicate the generation of a high-quality mode-1 wave which transforms into higher modes as the wave interacts with the topography. The wave-slope interactions produced a range of responses including the formation of upslope-surging internal boluses that propagated across the shelf flat. Bolus formation was primarily dependent on the wave Froude number and the ratio of the topographic slope to the internal wave characteristic slope. Boundary layer thickness and finite water depth are also shown to effect bolus formation and propagation. These results compare well to the two-dimensional numerical simulations of Venayagamoorthy and Fringer (2007) with some deviations which may be attributable to the effects of the three-dimensionality of these experiments. Comparisons are also made to experiments (Moore et al., 2015, JFM in review) performed in a two-layer stratification where internal boluses were observed.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-12 with total page 4318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans cover 70% of the Earth’s surface, and are critical components of Earth’s climate system. This new edition of Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, Six Volume Set summarizes the breadth of knowledge about them, providing revised, up to date entries as well coverage of new topics in the field. New and expanded sections include microbial ecology, high latitude systems and the cryosphere, climate and climate change, hydrothermal and cold seep systems. The structure of the work provides a modern presentation of the field, reflecting the input and different perspective of chemical, physical and biological oceanography, the specialized area of expertise of each of the three Editors-in-Chief. In this framework maximum attention has been devoted to making this an organic and unified reference. Represents a one-stop. organic information resource on the breadth of ocean science research Reflects the input and different perspective of chemical, physical and biological oceanography, the specialized area of expertise of each of the three Editors-in-Chief New and expanded sections include microbial ecology, high latitude systems and climate change Provides scientifically reliable information at a foundational level, making this work a resource for students as well as active researches
Download or read book Elements of Physical Oceanography written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-08-26 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elements of Physical Oceanography is a derivative of the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, Second Edition and serves as an important reference on current physical oceanography knowledge and expertise in one convenient and accessible source. Its selection of articles—all written by experts in their field—focuses on ocean physics, air-sea transfers, waves, mixing, ice, and the processes of transfer of properties such as heat, salinity, momentum and dissolved gases, within and into the ocean. Elements of Physical Oceanography serves as an ideal reference for topical research. References related articles in physical oceanography to facilitate further research Richly illustrated with figures and tables that aid in understanding key concepts Includes an introductory overview and then explores each topic in detail, making it useful to experts and graduate-level researchers Topical arrangement makes it the perfect desk reference
Download or read book The Generation of Internal Waves Over Continental Shelf Topography written by Kenny Kay Wooi Lim and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory experiments were performed to examine the generation of internal waves by barotropic tidal flow over a continental slope, in both a two-layer and a continuously stratified fluid, under varying tidal forcing intensity and density stratification. Observations for the two-layer case revealed the formation of both linear and nonlinear waveforms as the barotropic tide interacted with the continental slope. The type of wave response generated was strongly dependent on the tidal forcing intensity and the position of the density interface relative to the shelf depth. In general, for a given tidal forcing as the layer depth ratio, the ratio of the upper layer depth to the total water depth over the shelf, approached unity (i.e., the point when the density interface intersected the bottom slope), nonlinear effects increased and the generated waveform transitioned from a linear wave of depression to an internal surge and finally to an internal bolus feature. Like the two-layer case, a range of wave responses was also observed in the continuous stratification experiments, ranging from internal wave beams to internal boluses and finally no wave-like response at all. Here, the type of response generated was primarily dependent on both the Reynolds number and the topographic steepness parameter. To simplify this two-parameter problem, a generation parameter G was defined, where G is the ratio of the Reynolds number to the topographic steepness parameter. This generation parameter G was shown to be a simple and efficient way of classifying the different types of flow responses over the entire parameter range. For each density stratification case and using these dimensionless parameters, a flow regime diagram of the observed responses was developed showing the conditions under which a particular type of response was expected to dominate. These observations compared well to field observations of internal waves on the Australian North West Shelf, the region motivating this work. A tidal energy budget analysis indicated that up to 15% of the barotropic energy could be converted into internal tides; two-thirds of this energy was dissipated close to the generation region, and the other one-third radiated away into the stratified interior.
Download or read book Topographic Effects in Stratified Flows written by Peter G. Baines and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-27 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore the nature of density-stratified flow over and around topography, including applications to the flow of the atmosphere and ocean.
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Internal Wave Generation by Deep Ocean Flows Over Abyssal Topography written by Thomas Hooker Bell and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applications of Lie Group Analysis in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics written by Nail? Kha?rullovich Ibragimov and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quickly learn essential inventor tools and techniques This full-color Autodesk Official Press guide will help you quickly learn the powerful manufacturing software′s core features and functions. Thom Tremblay, an Autodesk Certified Instructor, uses concise, straightforward explanations and real-world, hands-on exercises to help you become productive with Inventor. Full-color screenshots illustrate tutorial steps, and chapters conclude with a related and more open-ended project to further reinforce the chapter′s lessons. Based on the very real-world task of designing tools and a toolbox to house them, the book demonstrates creating 2D drawings from 3D data, modeling parts, combining parts into assemblies, annotating drawings, using advanced assembly tools, working with sheet metal, presenting designs, and more. Full-color screenshots illustrate the steps, and additional files are available for download so you can compare your results with those of professionals. You′ll also get information to help you prepare for the Inventor certification exams. Introduces new users to the software with real-world projects, hands-on tutorials, and full-color illustrations Begins each chapter with a quick discussion of concepts and learning goals and then moves into approachable, hands-on exercises Covers the interface and foundational concepts, modeling parts, combining them into assemblies building with the frame generator, using weldments Includes material to help you prepare for the Inventor certification exams Autodesk Inventor 2014 Essentials provides the information you need to quickly become proficient with the powerful 3D mechanical design software.
Download or read book Journal of Physical Oceanography written by and published by . This book was released on 2004-04 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Topographic Effects in the Ocean written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Generation of Internal Waves Over Idealized 3 D Topography by Tidal Forcing written by James R. Munroe and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Turbulent Ocean written by S. A. Thorpe and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-10-27 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of ocean turbulence is in a state of discovery and development with many intellectual challenges. This book describes the principal dynamic processes that control the distribution of turbulence, its dissipation of kinetic energy and its effects on the dispersion of properties such as heat, salinity, and dissolved or suspended matter in the deep ocean, the shallow coastal and the continental shelf seas. It focuses on the measurement of turbulence, and the consequences of turbulent motion in the oceanic boundary layers at the sea surface and near the seabed. Processes are illustrated by examples of laboratory experiments and field observations. The Turbulent Ocean provides an excellent resource for senior undergraduate and graduate courses, as well as an introduction and general overview for researchers. It will be of interest to all those involved in the study of fluid motion, in particular geophysical fluid mechanics, meteorology and the dynamics of lakes.
Download or read book Atmosphere Ocean Dynamics written by Adrian E. Gill and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-03 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics deals with a systematic and unified approach to the dynamics of the ocean and atmosphere. The book reviews the relationship of the ocean-atmosphere and how this system functions. The text explains this system through radiative equilibrium models; the book also considers the greenhouse effect, the effects of convection and of horizontal gradients, and the variability in radiative driving of the earth. Equations in the book show the properties of a material element, mass conservation, the balance of scalar quantity (such as salinity), and the mathematical behavior of the ocean and atmosphere. The book also addresses how the ocean-atmosphere system tends to adjust to equilibrium, both in the absence and presence of driving forces such as gravity. The text also explains the effect of the earth's rotation on the system, as well as the application of forced motions such as that produced by wind or temperature changes. The book explains tropical dynamics and the effects of variation of the Coriolis parameter with latitude. The text will be appreciated by meteorologists, environmentalists, students studying hydrology, and people working in general earth sciences.
Download or read book Internal Wave Generation from Stratified Flow Over Finite Amplitude Periodic Topography written by Dawn A. Aguilar and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
