Download or read book INTERFACIAL OXIDATION REACTIONS AND FILM NUCLEATION ON IRON SURFACES IN COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTS USING SPECTROSCOPY AT THE LIQUID SOLID AND GAS SOLID INTERFACE written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Iron (Fe) and its oxides are known heterogeneous catalysts in both industrial and laboratory experiments. Fe is shown to undergo oxidation forming mineral scales based on its chemical environment. A surface science approach was used to investigate chemical processes occurring at liquid/solid and gas/solid interfaces under various chemical environments to understand how Fe oxidation impacts the quality of drinking water, the catalytic ability of iron derivatives, and geological mineral formation processes. Polarized Modulated Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) is a surface-sensitive vibrational spectroscopic technique that is used to identify the adsorbed molecules on a reflective surface. A new PM-IRRAS method was developed to observe in situ adsorption of molecules at the air/liquid/solid interface, using 1-octadecanethiol adsorption on gold as a model system. A three-phase model was used to estimate the liquid layer thickness at the air/ethanol/Au interface. This new method was applied for investigating interfacial oxidation, corrosion, and mineral formation for understanding environmental science and heterogeneous catalytic reactions at the air/electrolyte/Fe interfaces. These studies revealed the impact of the electrolyte pH, anion concentration, effect of cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Fe2+), and adsorption of atmospheric gases (O2, CO2) on the rate of corrosion, mineral formation, and composition of the corrosion products. The results obtained by PM-IRRAS were corroborated by the in situ liquid atomic force microscope (AFM), ex situ AFM, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The initial stages of Fe surface corrosion were studied under the influence of alkali salt (NaCl) with controlled H2O and O2 pressure. Adventitious hydrocarbon on the Fe surface was found to transform into surface adsorbed carbonates in the initial stages of Fe surface oxidation. The added anions (Cl−) on the surface migrated into the bulk during oxidation in the presence of O2 and H2O pressure. Iron catalyzes the decomposition of disinfectant by-products (DBP). Halohydrocarbons can lead to severe health hazards from consumption above the threshold limits. CDCl3 was used as a model halohydrocarbon to investigate the ability to use Fe as a heterogeneous catalyst for the dehalogenation of CDCl3. The adsorption of CDCl3(g)on Fe(111) at both cryogenic and room temperatures was measured by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). The dissociative chemisorption of CDCl3 on the Fe(111) surface occurs and OH groups from water block adsorption sites on Fe(111) for adsorption of CDCl3. CDCl3 adsorption at the liquid/Fe interface was not observed under the applied conditions and unexpected plastic contamination may have blocked the adsorption sites on polycrystalline Fe. Spontaneous selective deposition and growth of iron oxide nanoparticles in the tailored defects on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) were investigated to provide seed sites for further reactions. It was found that electroless deposition using the FeCl2(aq) precursor and subsequent annealing in air at 400 °C lead to the nucleation and growth of semi-crystalline (amorphous) Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 in the tailored defects and step edges of HOPG. The research in this dissertation impacts chemical processes at complex gas/liquid/solid interfaces under ambient conditions and will have applications in designing materials for CO2 sequestration, designing heterogeneous catalysts for industrial applications, and understanding mineral formation in geological processes.
Download or read book Spectroscopy of Transition Metal Ions on Surfaces written by Bert M. Weckhuysen and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical industries are based on catalytic processes as both bulk and fine chemicals are often produced with heterogeneous catalysts. Transition metal ions dispersed on high-surface area inorganic solids are very important catalysts and a full characterization of these materials requires a profound knowledge of the oxidation state, coordination environment and dispersion of the metal ions on the catalyst surface. Such information can only be obtained by using a combination of complementary spectroscopic techniques. 'Spectroscopy of Transition metal ions on Surfaces' serves as an introduction to some of the most important spectroscopic techniques nowadays used for studying the chemistry and catalytic properties of transition metal ions on surfaces. The basic principles and the strengths and weaknesses of continuous wave electron spin resonance, pulsed electron spin resonance, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are critically reviewed by internationally recognized experts. This gives the reader a solid background for judging literature results and for planning and conducting his/her own experiments. Each chapter closes with several relevant examples mainly from the recent literature. In addition, the use of in situ techniques and chemometrical techniques has been included because of its growing importance in catalyst characterization. As a consequence, the book has been written as a text not only for graduate students, but also for anyone else who is new in the field and wants a recent update. The following scientists have contributed to this textbook: Br.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Photothermal Investigations of Solids and Fluids written by J Sell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photothermal Investigations of Solids and Fluids discusses photothermal optical diagnostic techniques in the study of solids and fluids, which involve areas of photothermal spectroscopy, imaging, and velocimetry. This book explores the development of lasers as powerful and convenient sources of localized energy. Organized into 10 chapters, this monograph begins with an overview of photothermal spectroscopy as the field in which the nature of matter is probed using optical excitation of a medium and optical probing of the thermal energy that results from this excitation. This book then provides the reader with a link between the physics applicable to the photothermal experiments and the methodology involved in such investigation. Other chapters examine the experimental photothermal detectors that are constructed for use in most forms of chromatography and electrophoresis. The final chapter deals with several promising spectroscopies, including photothermal interferometry, photothermal modulation of Mie scattering, and photophoretic spectroscopy. Graduate students, professors, and research scientists will find this monograph extremely useful.
Download or read book Electron and Ion Spectroscopy of Solids written by L. Fiermans and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface physics and chemistry have in recent years become one of the most active fields in solid state research. A number of techniques have been developed, and both the experimental aspect and the correlated theory are evolving at an extremely fast rate. Electron and ion spectroscopy are of major importance in this development. In this volume, which contains edited and extended versions of eight sets of lectures given at the NATO Advanced Study Institute held at Ghent, Belgium, from August 29 to September 9, 1977, a re view of the state of the art in these fields is given from both an experimental and a theoretical point of view. Electron emission techniques such as UPS (ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy), XPS (x-ray photoemission spectroscopy), and AES (Auger electron spectroscopy) constitute the major part of this volume, reflecting the fact that they continue to be the most widely applied surface techniques. Recent developments in the application of synchrotron radiation to angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy are extensively covered, from an experimental point of view by Prof. W. E. Spicer (Stanford University, U.S.A.) and from a theoretical point of view by Dr. A. Liebsch (Kernforschungsanlage Julich, Germany). Emphasis is put on the study of energy bands in layered structures, and on chemisorption on well-defined surfaces. Chemisorption and catalysis on metals is treated in detail by Prof. G. Ertl (Universitat Munchen, Germany). This chapter contains a review of the application of the different surface techniques to specific surface systems.
Download or read book Phononic and Electronic Excitations in Complex Oxides Studied with Advanced Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy Techniques written by Fryderyk Lyzwa and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This PhD thesis reports on investigations of several oxide-based materials using advanced infrared and Raman spectroscopy techniques and in combination with external stimuli such as high magnetic or electric field, sptial confinement in thin film heterostructures and the radiation with UV light. This leads to new results in the fields of superconductivity, electronic polarization states and nanoscale phenomena. Among these, the observation of anomalous polar moments is of great relevance for understanding the electric-field-induced metal-to-insulator transistion; and the demonstration that confocal Raman spectroscopy of backfolded acoustic photons in metal-oxide multilayers can be used as a powerful characterization tool for monitoring their interface properties and layer thickness is an important technical development for the engineering of such functional oxide heterostructures.
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1042 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kinetics of Metal Gas Interactions at Low Temperatures written by Eckehard Fromm and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-09-28 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents experimental data and recent results of model calculations on the formation of natural oxide film on metal surfaces and of metal hydride formation. Such films are responsible for corrosion, friction, and wear of metallic materials. Describing mostly the authors own research, this monograph gives an overview of models suitable for metal-gas reactions and demonstrates how complex metal-gas interactions can be analyzed by standard procedures of chemical kinetics. The book, and the data and equations it contains, will be useful to researchers in surface science, condensed-matter physics, and materials science.
Download or read book Solid liquid Electrochemical Interfaces written by Gregory Jerkiewicz and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The wide scope covered by the 23 papers makes the collection suitable as a survey of current developments in the subject, for specialists in electrochemical surface science, newcomers to the field, or scientists working in related disciplines. The topics include computer simulation of the structure and dynamics of water near metal surfaces, the growth kinetics of phosphate films on metal oxide surfaces, anion adsorption and charge transfer on single-crystal electrodes, an electrochemical and in-situ scanning-probe microscopic study of electroactive polymers, and the temperature dependence of the growth of surface oxide films on rhodium electrodes. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Download or read book Physics of Surfaces and Interfaces written by Harald Ibach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-18 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This graduate-level textbook covers the major developments in surface sciences of recent decades, from experimental tricks and basic techniques to the latest experimental methods and theoretical understanding. It is unique in its attempt to treat the physics of surfaces, thin films and interfaces, surface chemistry, thermodynamics, statistical physics and the physics of the solid/electrolyte interface in an integral manner, rather than in separate compartments. It is designed as a handbook for the researcher as well as a study-text for graduate students. Written explanations are supported by 350 graphs and illustrations.
Download or read book Oxide Surfaces written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-05-21 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a multi-author survey (in 15 chapters) of the current state of knowledge and recent developments in our understanding of oxide surfaces. The author list includes most of the acknowledged world experts in this field. The material covered includes fundamental theory and experimental studies of the geometrical, vibrational and electronic structure of such surfaces, but with a special emphasis on the chemical properties and associated reactivity. The main focus is on metal oxides but coverage extends from 'simple' rocksalt materials such as MgO through to complex transition metal oxides with different valencies.
Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces written by Hans-Jürgen Butt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-02-07 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces Comprehensive textbook on the interdisciplinary field of interface science, fully updated with new content on wetting, spectroscopy, and coatings Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of surface and interface science, focusing on essential concepts rather than specific details, and on intuitive understanding rather than convoluted math. Numerous high-end applications from surface technology, biotechnology, and microelectronics are included to illustrate and help readers easily comprehend basic concepts. The new edition contains an increased number of problems with detailed, worked solutions, making it ideal as a self-study resource. In topic coverage, the highly qualified authors take a balanced approach, discussing advanced interface phenomena in detail while remaining comprehensible. Chapter summaries with the most important equations, facts, and phenomena are included to aid the reader in information retention. A few of the sample topics included in Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces are as follows: Liquid surfaces, covering microscopic picture of a liquid surface, surface tension, the equation of Young and Laplace, and curved liquid surfaces Thermodynamics of interfaces, covering surface excess, internal energy and Helmholtz energy, equilibrium conditions, and interfacial excess energies Charged interfaces and the electric double layer, covering planar surfaces, the Grahame equation, and limitations of the Poisson-Boltzmann theory Surface forces, covering Van der Waals forces between molecules, macroscopic calculations, the Derjaguin approximation, and disjoining pressure Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces is a complete reference on the subject, aimed at advanced students (and their instructors) in physics, material science, chemistry, and engineering. Researchers requiring background knowledge on surface and interface science will also benefit from the accessible yet in-depth coverage of the text.
Download or read book Organometallic Photochemistry at the Solid Gas Interface Photochemistry of Surface Confined Cobalt Tetracarbonyl Monitored by Fourier Transform Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy written by John B. Kinney and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We wish to report the photochemistry of surface-confined -Co(CO)4 fragments exposed to reactive gases. Such photochemistry is of importance in establishing primary events following excitation of the molecular entity attached to the surface and is of relevance to the photoactivation of surface-confined catalysts. We apply, for the first time, the technique of Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR/PAS) to monitor the photoreactions of a species on the surface including in situ monitoring of reactions involving a gas phase species. Without any sample manipulation or preparation, this technique has allowed characterization of the photochemistry of surface species with the molecular level specificity generally possible when infrared absorption spectroscopy is used to monitor reactions of metal carbonyls in homogeneous solution. The results herein establish FTIR/PAS as a technique of unequalled capability in monitoring such surface chemistry.
Download or read book Liquid Surfaces and Interfaces written by Peter S. Pershan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-02 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical guide for graduate students and researchers on all aspects of x-ray scattering experiments on liquid surfaces and interfaces.
Download or read book Anisotropic Particle Assemblies written by Ning Wu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-07-12 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anisotropic Particle Assemblies: Synthesis, Assembly, Modeling, and Applications covers the synthesis, assembly, modeling, and applications of various types of anisotropic particles. Topics such as chemical synthesis and scalable fabrication of colloidal molecules, molecular mimetic self-assembly, directed assembly under external fields, theoretical and numerical multi-scale modeling, anisotropic materials with novel interfacial properties, and the applications of these topics in renewable energy, intelligent micro-machines, and biomedical fields are discussed in depth. Contributors to this book are internationally known experts who have been actively studying each of these subfields for many years.This book is an invaluable reference for researchers and chemical engineers who are working at the intersection of physics, chemistry, chemical engineering, and materials science and engineering. It educates students, trains the next generation of researchers, and stimulates continuous development in this rapidly emerging area for new materials and innovative technologies. - Provides comprehensive coverage on new developments in anisotropic particles - Features chapters written by emerging and leading experts in each of the subfields - Contains information that will appeal to a broad spectrum of professionals, including but not limited to chemical engineers, chemists, physicists, and materials scientists and engineers - Serves as both a reference book for researchers and a textbook for graduate students
Download or read book Advanced Techniques for Surface Engineering written by W. Gissler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today's shortages of resources make the search for wear and corrosion resistant materials one of the most important tasks of the next century. Since the surface of a material is the location where any interaction occurs, it is that there the hardest requirements on the material are imposed: to be wear resistant for tools and bearings; to be corrosion resistant for turbine blades and tubes in the petrochemical industry; to be antireflecting for solar cells; to be decorative for architectural panels and to combine several of these properties in other applications. Surface engineering is the general term that incorporates all the techniques by which a surface modification can be accomplished. These techniques include both coating and modification of the surface by ion implantation and laser beam melting. In recent years a continuously growing number of these techniques were developed to the extent that it became more and more difficult to maintain an overlook and to understand which of these highly differentiated techniques might be applied to resolve a given surface engineering problem. A similar development is also occuring for surface characterization techniques. This volume contains contributions from renowned scientists and engineers to the Eurocourse the aim of which was to inform about the various techniques and to give a comprehensive survey of the latest development on this subject.
Download or read book Interfacial Electrochemistry written by Wolfgang Schmickler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-26 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochemistry is an old branch of physical chemistry. Due to the development of surface sensitive techniques, and a technological interest in fuel cells and batteries, it has recently undergone a rapid development. This textbook treats the field from a modern, atomistic point of view while integrating the older, macroscopic concepts. The increasing role of theory is reflected in the presentation of the basic ideas in a way that should appeal to experimentalists and theorists alike. Special care is taken to make the subject comprehensible to scientists from neighboring disciplines, especially from surface science. The book is suitable for an advanced course at the master or Ph.D. level, but should also be useful for practicing electrochemists, as well as to any scientist who wants to understand modern electrochemistry.
