Download or read book Interactions of Renal Clearable Gold Nanoparticles with the Kidneys in Vitro and in Vivo written by Jing Xu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of renal clearable inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) offers a great opportunity to address the health concern raised by nonspecific accumulation of conventional inorganic NPs in the macrophage system, mostly in the liver and spleen. In recent decades, we have dedicated a remarkable amount of research in developing renal clearable gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and investigating their biointeractions. Our group discovered that glutathione-coated renal clearable AuNPs (GS-AuNPs) can be efficiently excreted through the urinary system resulting in significantly reduced accumulation in the liver and spleen. By integrating the near-infrared fluorescence, GS-AuNPs can sensitively probe kidney clearance kinetics and indicate renal dysfunction. Future clinical translation requires a fundamental understanding of nano-bio interactions in the kidneys and the biocompatibility of GS-AuNPs. In this dissertation, Chapter 1 covers the status of renal clearable inorganic NPs and the current understanding of their biointeractions in the kidneys. Chapter 2 describes using X-ray imaging to visualize the transport of GS-AuNPs in the kidney components under both normal and pathological conditions. The unique deposition of GS-AuNPs in the diseased kidney offers a great chance to diagnose renal injury noninvasively. Chapter 3 focuses on the blood transport and biocompatibility of GS-AuNPs. The dose effect on the blood transport and renal clearance efficiency of GS-AuNPs is unraveled which results in high biocompatibility. Chapter 4 describes an in vitro study on the surface-ligand-density effect on interactions between GS-AuNPs and human kidney proximal tubular cells. The results demonstrate precise responses of proximal tubular cells to GS-AuNPs with different ligand densities in membrane affinity, cytotoxicity and the mechanism of cell death. Finally, a summary of the obtained understanding and future perspective are presented in Chapter 5.

Download or read book Surface Charge mediated Interactions and Transport of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles in the Normal and Diseased Kidney written by Yingyu Huang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental understanding of the interactions and transport of nanoparticles in the normal and diseased kidney will provide a foundation for engineering the next generation of renal nanomedicine. Meanwhile, it can also provide insights to the renal physiology and the pathophysiology of renal diseases. To gain such a fundamental understanding requires us to correlate the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles with their interactions and transport in different renal segments at the tissue and the cellular levels. While the size-dependent intrarenal interaction and transport of nanoparticles has been well demonstrated over the past decades, how surface charge of nanoparticles can impact their interaction and transport in different renal segments remains less understood. This dissertation aims to unravel the surface charge-mediated interactions and transport of nanoparticles in the normal and diseased kidney. Chapter 1 of this dissertation reviews the current understanding of the interactions and transport of nanoparticles in different renal segments as well as the pathophysiology of different renal diseases associated to different renal segments. Chapter 2 describes the surface charge-mediated nano-bio interactions of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles in the normal kidneys at the tissue and the cellular levels in relation to the surface charge species and the spatial configuration of the terminal charge groups. Chapter 3 emphasizes on the correlation between the in vivo transport profiles and the intrarenal interactions of renal-clearable gold nanoparticles with different surface charge in both the normal and diseased kidney. Lastly, chapter 4 presents the summary and outlook. In this dissertation, we provide a clear picture of the surface charge-mediated interactions and transport of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles in the normal and diseased kidney at the tissue and the cellular levels. We believe this work can contribute to the design of renal nanomedicine for the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases and advance our fundamental understanding of the renal physiology and the pathophysiology of renal diseases.

Download or read book Renal Clearable Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles for In vitro Bioimaging written by Jessica Lynn Jacobe and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renal clearable fluorescent gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have potential to become tumor imaging and drug delivery agents because of their minimized accumulation in the body. However, they cannot actively target tumor receptors at both in vitro and in vivo levels. Since transferrin, a proliferative protein, has been widely used for targeted delivery of nanoparticles, in this thesis, we investigated targeting of transferrin after being conjugated with renal clearable fluorescent gold nanoparticles at the in vitro cellular level. Our results show that transferrin lost its targeting functionality due to the conjugation renal clearable AuNPs while it still can retain targeting capabilities after being conjugated onto organic dyes. Our further studies use a well-known ligand, biotin, also lost its binding affinity to avidin. Renal clearable AuNPs effect on the functionality of active targeting ligands are highly complicated, which demands extensive efforts in the future studies.

Download or read book Emerging Nanotechnologies for Medical Applications written by Nabeel Ahmad and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-02-07 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Nanotechnologies for Medical Applications focuses on both commercial and premarket tools and their applications in medicine. The book develops the concept of integrating different technologies along a hierarchical structure of biological systems and clarifies biomechanical interactions on different levels for the analysis of multiscale pathophysiological phenomena. With a focus on nano-scale processes and biomedical applications, it demonstrates how knowledge can be utilized in a range of areas, including the diagnosis and treatment of various human diseases, and in alternative energy production. This book is an important reference source for scientists and researchers involved in micro- and nano-engineering, bio-nanotechnology, biomedical engineering, nanomedicine, and industries involved with optical devices, computer simulation and pharmaceuticals. - Shows how nanotechnology is being used to improve outcomes in areas of cancer, tissue grafting, and printing drugs - Explores a variety of nanoengineering techniques used for biomedical applications, including for cardiovascular, renal and dental treatments - Assesses the major challenges of manufacturing nanomaterials-based medicines on an industrial scale

Download or read book Protein Nanoparticle Interactions written by Masoud Rahman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-24 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the fabrication of nanomaterials and exploration of their properties have attracted the attention of various scientific disciplines such as biology, physics, chemistry, and engineering. Although nanoparticulate systems are of significant interest in various scientific and technological areas, there is little known about the safety of these nanoscale objects. It has now been established that the surfaces of nanoparticles are immediately covered by biomolecules (e.g. proteins, ions, and enzymes) upon their entrance into a biological medium. This interaction with the biological medium modulates the surface of the nanoparticles, conferring a “biological identity” to their surfaces (referred to as a “corona”), which determines the subsequent cellular/tissue responses. The new interface between the nanoparticles and the biological medium/proteins, called “bio-nano interface,” has been very rarely studied in detail to date, though the interest in this topic is rapidly growing. In this book, the importance of the physiochemical characteristics of nanoparticles for the properties of the protein corona is discussed in detail, followed by comprehensive descriptions of the methods for assessing the protein-nanoparticle interactions. The advantages and limitations of available corona evaluation methods (e.g. spectroscopy methods, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography, and differential centrifugal sedimentation) are examined in detail, followed by a discussion of the possibilities for enhancing the current methods and a call for new techniques. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of protein-nanoparticle interaction phenomena are explored and discussed, with a focus on the biological impacts.

Download or read book Principles and Applications of Emulsion Polymerization written by Chorng-Shyan Chern and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-10-06 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up-to-date coverage of methods of emulsion polymerization This book provides a comprehensive reference on emulsion polymerization methods,focusing on the fundamental mechanisms and kinetics of each process, as well as howthey can be applied to the manufacture of environmentally friendly polymeric materials. Topics covered include: Conventional emulsion polymerization Miniemulsion polymerization Microemulsion polymerization Industrial emulsion polymerization processes (primarily the semibatch and continuous reactions systems) The role of various colloidal phenomena in emulsion polymerization Important end-use properties of emulsion polymer (latex) products Information on industrial applications in paints, coatings, adhesives, paper and board, and more This is a hands-on reference for graduate students and professionals in polymerchemistry, chemical engineering, and materials science who are involved in researchon coatings, adhesives, rubber, latex, paints, finishes, and other materials that can becreated using various methods of emulsion polymerization.

Download or read book Public Health Effectiveness of the FDA 510 k Clearance Process written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-10 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for ensuring that medical devices are safe and effective before they go on the market. Section 510(k) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act requires a manufacturer of medical devices to notify FDA of its intent to market a medical device at least 90 days in advance. That window of time allows FDA to evaluate whether the device is substantially equivalent to a product already legally on the market (called a predicate), in which case the device does not need to go through the premarket approval (PMA) process. As part of its assessment of the FDA's premarket clearance process for medical devices, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) held a workshop on July 28, 2010 to discuss how medical devices are monitored for safety after they are available to consumers. Its primary focus was on monitoring the safety of marketed medical devices, including FDA's postmarket surveillance activities, analysis of safety concerns that resulted in medical device recalls, and non-FDA sources of adverse-event information. Public Health Effectiveness of the FDA 501(K) Clearance Process summarizes the views of the workshop participants.

Download or read book Advancing Nuclear Medicine Through Innovation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-09-11 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly 20 million nuclear medicine procedures are carried out each year in the United States alone to diagnose and treat cancers, cardiovascular disease, and certain neurological disorders. Many of the advancements in nuclear medicine have been the result of research investments made during the past 50 years where these procedures are now a routine part of clinical care. Although nuclear medicine plays an important role in biomedical research and disease management, its promise is only beginning to be realized. Advancing Nuclear Medicine Through Innovation highlights the exciting emerging opportunities in nuclear medicine, which include assessing the efficacy of new drugs in development, individualizing treatment to the patient, and understanding the biology of human diseases. Health care and pharmaceutical professionals will be most interested in this book's examination of the challenges the field faces and its recommendations for ways to reduce these impediments.

Download or read book Nanomaterials written by Marcelo Larramendy and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-07-15 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book, Nanomaterials - Toxicity and Risk Assessment, is a collection of current research and information on numerous advances on the toxicity and hazardous effects of nanomaterials, including theoretical and experimental approaches as well as nanotechnology applications in the field of medicine, pharmacology, and the manufacture of nanoscale materials. Based on the large number of nanomaterial applications, a careful understanding of the associated systemic and local toxicity is critically required.

Download or read book Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters written by Zhikun Wu and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2020-11-06 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomically precise metal nanocluster research has emerged as a new frontier. This book serves as an introduction to metal nanoclusters protected by ligands. The authors have summarized the synthesis principles and methods, the characterization methods and new physicochemical properties, and some potential applications. By pursuing atomic precision, such nanocluster materials provide unprecedented opportunities for establishing precise relationships between the atomic-level structures and the properties. The book should be accessible to senior undergraduate and graduate students, researchers in various fields (e.g., chemistry, physics, materials, biomedicine, and engineering), R&D scientists, and science policy makers.

Download or read book Nanotechnology Based Precision Tools for the Detection and Treatment of Cancer written by Chad A. Mirkin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses emerging nanotechnology-based tools that have the potential to dramatically impact cancer research, diagnostics, and treatment. Cancer is a complex, devastating, and debilitating disease and, although much progress has been made, novel, more effective diagnostic and treatment options are still needed, especially for advanced cancers. The ultimate goal is to detect cancer early and non-invasively and to provide efficacious and targeted precision treatments that cause fewer harmful side effects. This book explains how nanotechnology can exploit the size-, shape-, and composition-dependent properties of nanomaterials to provide novel tools for precision cancer medicine. It will be of interest to researchers and professionals working in the fields of chemistry, biology, materials science and engineering, and medicine who want to learn more about this fascinating and fast-paced area of research.

Download or read book Nanotheranostics For Personalized Medicine written by Patrick Couvreur and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-02-22 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of nanotechnology in the biomedical field, known as nanomedicine, has gained much interest in the recent past as a versatile strategy for selective drug delivery and diagnostic purposes. The nanotheranostic approach, which aims to combine both therapeutic and imaging/diagnostic functionalities, is characterized by a strong pluridisciplinarity where the chemistry of materials, bioconjugate chemistry, pharmaceutical technology, drug delivery, imaging, and pharmacology, work together. Nanotheranostics combine simultaneous non-invasive diagnosis and treatment of diseases with the exciting possibility to monitor drug release and distribution in real time; thus offering the opportunity to optimize treatment outcomes in cancer and other severe diseases. Clinical applications of nanotheranostics would enable earlier detection and treatment of diseases, and earlier assessment of the response, thus allowing to identify patients which would potentially respond to therapy and have higher possibilities of a favorable outcome.Nanotheranostics for Personalized Medicine presents an integrated and transdisciplinary description of nanotheranostics. It provides principles of imaging techniques and concrete examples of advances and challenges in the development of nanotheranostics for personalized medicine.This book is written for students (Bachelors to Doctoral level) as well as experienced researchers, in academia or the industry, interested in this emerging concept in the nanomedicine field.

Download or read book The Delivery of Nanoparticles written by Abbass A. Hashim and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-05-16 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoparticle is a general challenge for today's technology and the near future observations of science. Nanoparticles cover mostly all types of sciences and manufacturing technologies. The properties of this particle are flying over today scientific barriers and have passed the limitations of conventional sciences. This is the reason why nanoparticles have been evaluated for the use in many fields. InTech publisher and the contributing authors of this book in nanoparticles are all overconfident to invite all scientists to read this new book. The book's potential was held until it was approached by the art of exploring the most advanced research in the field of nano-scale particles, preparation techniques and the way of reaching their destination. 25 reputable chapters were framed in this book and there were alienated into four altered sections; Toxic Nanoparticles, Drug Nanoparticles, Biological Activities and Nano-Technology.

Download or read book Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals Volume I General Considerations written by Gunnar F. Nordberg and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, Fifth Edition, Volume I: General Considerations is the first volume of a two-volume work that gives an overview and covers topics of general importance including reviews of various health effects of trace metals. The book emphasizes toxic effects in humans, along with discussions on the toxic effects of animals and biological systems in vitro when relevant. The book has been systematically updated with the latest studies and advances in technology and contains several new chapters. As a multidisciplinary resource that integrates both human and environmental toxicology, the book is a comprehensive and valuable reference for toxicologists, physicians, pharmacologists, and environmental scientists in the fields of environmental, occupational and public health. Contains peer-reviewed chapters that deal with the effects of metallic elements and their compounds on biological systems Includes information on sources, transport and the transformation of metals in the environment Covers the ecological effects of metals to provide a basis for better understanding of the potential for adverse effects on human health Provides critical information on the properties, use, biological monitoring, dose-response relationships, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of metallic elements and compounds

Download or read book Renal Physiology E Book written by Bruce M. Koeppen and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-10-12 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renal Physiology helps you to quickly and easily grasp the fundamentals of renal physiology and learn how to apply them in a clinical context. Thoroughly updated, this medical reference book in the Mosby Physiology Monograph Series provides a basic understanding of normal kidney function at the cellular and molecular level. Attractively illustrated with clear 2-color diagrams, it also facilitates study with learning objectives, "In the Clinic" and "At the Molecular Level" boxes, chapter summaries, and clinical cases with review questions and explained answers. Stay current with clear, accurate coverage of the physiology of normal renal function focusing on the needs of the student. Bridge the gap between normal function and disease with pathophysiology content throughout the book. Understand complex concepts by examining more than more than 250 clear, 2-color diagrams. Perform quick searches ... add your own notes and bookmarks ... and more! Put theory into practice with "In the Clinic" or "At the Molecular Level " boxes in each chapter that explain the practical applications of fundamental knowledge. Deepen your understanding of fundamental and advanced information with an expanded collection of review questions reviewed and reorganized by chapter. Master the material more easily with learning objectives, overview boxes, key words and concepts, and chapter summaries. Apply what you've learned to real-life clinical situations with clinical cases in question-answer format at the end of each chapter. Gain a quick and easy understanding of the physiology of kidney and renal function

Download or read book Nanoparticles in Medicine written by Ashutosh Kumar Shukla and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-31 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the medical applications of inorganic nanoparticles. Nanomedicine is a relatively advanced field, which enhances the treatment of various diseases, offering new options for overcoming the problems associated with the use of conventional medicines. Discussing the toxicological and safety aspects associated with medical applications of nanoparticles, the book presents the latest research on topics such as emerging nanomaterials for cancer therapy, applications of nanoparticles in dentistry, and fluoride nanoparticles for biomedical applications, and also includes chapters on the use of nanoparticles such as silver and gold. /div

Download or read book Sources Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation UNSCEAR 2016 Report written by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) and published by United Nations. This book was released on 2017-04-25 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report assesses the levels and effects of exposure to ionizing radiation. Scientific findings underpin radiation risk evaluation and international protection standards. This report comprises a report with two underpinning scientific annexes. The first annex recapitulates and clarifies the philosophy of science as well as the scientific knowledge for attributing observed health effects in individuals and populations to radiation exposure, and distinguishes between that and inferring risk to individuals and populations from an exposure. The second annex reviews the latest thinking and approaches to quantifying the uncertainties in assessments of risk from radiation exposure, and illustrates these approaches with application to examples that are highly pertinent to radiation protection.