Download or read book Interaction of Nanomaterials With the Immune System Role in Nanosafety and Nanomedicine written by Paola Italiani and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-04-10 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The immune system has the double role of maintaining tissue integrity and homeostasis and of protecting the organism from possible dangers, from invading pathogens to environmentally-borne dangerous chemicals. New chemicals recognisable by the immune system are engineered nanomaterials/ nanoparticles, new agents in our environment that are becoming common due to their presence in many products, from constructions and building material (e.g., solar cells, pigments and paints, tilesand masonry materials) to daily products (e.g., food packaging, cosmetics, and cigarettes). Human beings can be accidentally exposed to engineered nanomaterials when these are released from products containing them or during production in workplaces. Furthermore, intentional exposure occurs in medicine, as engineered nanoparticles are used as tools for improving delivery of drugs and vaccines, vaccine adjuvants and contrast agents in therapeutic, preventive and diagnostic strategies. Nanoparticles that come in contact with the immune system after unintentional exposure need to be eliminated from the organism as they represent a potential threat. In this case, however, due to their peculiar characteristics of size, shape, surface charge and persistence, nanoparticles may elicit undesirable reactions and have detrimental effects on the immune system, such as cytotoxicity, inflammation, anaphylaxis, immunosuppression. Conversely, nanomedicines need to escape immune recognition/elimination and must persist in the organism long enough for reaching their target and exerting their beneficial effects. Immune cells and molecules at the body surface (airway and digestive mucosae, skin) are the first that come in contact with nanomaterials upon accidental exposure, while immune effectors in blood are those that more easily come in contact with nanomedical products. Thus, evaluating the interaction of the immune system with nanoparticles/nanomaterials is a topic of key importance both in nanotoxicology and in nanomedicine. Immuno-nanosafety studies consider both accidental exposure to nanoparticles, which may occur by skin contact, ingestion or inhalation (at doses and with a frequency that are not known), and medical exposure, which takes place with a defined administration schedule (route, dose, frequency). Many studies focus on the interaction between the immune system and nanoparticles that, for medical purposes, have been specifically modified to stimulate immunity or to avoid immune recognition, as in the case of vaccine carriers/adjuvants or drug delivery systems, respectively. The aims of this Research Topic is to provide an overview of recent strategies: 1.for assessing the immunosafety of engineered nanomaterials/nanoparticles, in particular in terms of activation of inflammatory responses, such as complement activation and allergic reactions, based on the nanomaterial intrinsic characteristics and on the possible carry-over of bioactive contaminants such as LPS. Production of new nanoparticles taking into account their effects on immune responses, in order to avoid undesirable effects on one hand, and to design particles with desirable effects for medical applications on the other hand; 2.for designing more effective nanomedicines by either avoiding or exploiting their interaction with the immune systems, with particular focus on cancer diagnosis and therapy, and vaccination. This collection of articles gives a comprehensive view of the state-of-the-art of the interaction of nanoparticles with the immune system from the two perspectives of safety and medical use, and aims at providing immunologists with the relevant knowledge for designing improved strategies for immunologically safe nanomaterial applications.
Download or read book Interaction of Nanomaterials with the Immune System Role in Nanosafety and Nanomedicinenanomedicine written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The immune system has the double role of maintaining tissue integrity and homeostasis and of protecting the organism from possible dangers, from invading pathogens to environmentally-borne dangerous chemicals. New chemicals recognisable by the immune system are engineered nanomaterials/ nanoparticles, new agents in our environment that are becoming common due to their presence in many products, from constructions and building material (e.g., solar cells, pigments and paints, tiles and masonry materials) to daily products (e.g., food packaging, cosmetics, and cigarettes). Human beings can be accidentally exposed to engineered nanomaterials when these are released from products containing them or during production in workplaces. Furthermore, intentional exposure occurs in medicine, as engineered nanoparticles are used as tools for improving delivery of drugs and vaccines, vaccine adjuvants and contrast agents in therapeutic, preventive and diagnostic strategies. Nanoparticles that come in contact with the immune system after unintentional exposure need to be eliminated from the organism as they represent a potential threat. In this case, however, due to their peculiar characteristics of size, shape, surface charge and persistence, nanoparticles may elicit undesirable reactions and have detrimental effects on the immune system, such as cytotoxicity, inflammation, anaphylaxis, immunosuppression. Conversely, nanomedicines need to escape immune recognition/elimination and must persist in the organism long enough for reaching their target and exerting their beneficial effects. Immune cells and molecules at the body surface (airway and digestive mucosae, skin) are the first that come in contact with nanomaterials upon accidental exposure, while immune effectors in blood are those that more easily come in contact with nanomedical products. Thus, evaluating the interaction of the immune system with nanoparticles/nanomaterials is a topic of key importance both in nanotoxicology and in nanomedicine. Immuno-nanosafety studies consider both accidental exposure to nanoparticles, which may occur by skin contact, ingestion or inhalation (at doses and with a frequency that are not known), and medical exposure, which takes place with a defined administration schedule (route, dose, frequency). Many studies focus on the interaction between the immune system and nanoparticles that, for medical purposes, have been specifically modified to stimulate immunity or to avoid immune recognition, as in the case of vaccine carriers/adjuvants or drug delivery systems, respectively. The aims of this Research Topic is to provide an overview of recent strategies: 1.for assessing the immunosafety of engineered nanomaterials/nanoparticles, in particular in terms of activation of inflammatory responses, such as complement activation and allergic reactions, based on the nanomaterial intrinsic characteristics and on the possible carry-over of bioactive contaminants such as LPS. Production of new nanoparticles taking into account their effects on immune responses, in order to avoid undesirable effects on one hand, and to design particles with desirable effects for medical applications on the other hand; 2.for designing more effective nanomedicines by either avoiding or exploiting their interaction with the immune systems, with particular focus on cancer diagnosis and therapy, and vaccination. This collection of articles gives a comprehensive view of the state-of-the-art of the interaction of nanoparticles with the immune system from the two perspectives of safety and medical use, and aims at providing immunologists with the relevant knowledge for designing improved strategies for immunologically safe nanomaterial applications.
Download or read book Interaction of Nanomaterials with the Immune System written by James C. Bonner and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-30 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the latest information related to understanding immune responses to engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Many ENMs used in both the consumer and biomedical fields have been reported to elicit adverse immune responses ranging from innate immune responses such as complement activation to changes in adaptive immunity that influence pathogen responses and promote disease states such as asthma. Interaction of Nanomaterials with the Immune System covers the most up to date information on our understanding of immune responses to ENMs across a wide range of topics including innate immunity, allergic immune responses, adaptive provides the reader with (1) up to date understanding of immune responses to ENMs; (2) current testing methods; and (3) appropriate models including alternative testing strategies for evaluating immunotoxicity of ENMs.
Download or read book Nanoparticles and the Immune System written by Diana Boraschi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-11-29 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoparticles and the Immune System provides a reference text for toxicologists, materials scientists and regulators and covers the key issues of interaction of nanomaterials with the immune system. The book discusses several issues that toxicologists and regulators need to know: identification of endpoints that are relevant for assessing hazard, evaluating impact on immunologically frail populations, and how to evaluate chronic/cumulative effects. In addition, the book addresses the possibility of turning the immunomodulating properties of certain nanomaterials to our advantage for amplifying immune responses in certain diseases or preventive strategies (e.g. vaccination). - Identifies endpoints relevant for assessing hazardous situations, evaluating the impact on immunologically frail populations and how to gauge chronic/cumulative effects - Raises the awareness of the importance of knowing the effects of the new nanomaterials on our immune system
Download or read book Nano Oncologicals written by Maria José Alonso and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-15 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative volume focuses on emerging technologies in cancer nano medicine, characterized by their multi-functionality and potential to address simultaneously diverse issues of clinical relevance in the treatment of cancer. The book consists of sixteen chapters divided into six sections: 1) Biological Barriers in Cancer; 2) Tumor Targeting; 3) Targeting the Immune System; 4) Gene Therapy; 5) Nano theranostics and 6) Translational Aspects of Nano-Oncologicals. The volume starts with an introduction describing the biological barriers associated with cancer therapy and highlighting ways to overcome such barriers through the use of nanotechnology. This is followed by an analysis of the two major targeting strategies currently under investigation in cancer therapy: namely, the targeting of cancer cells and the targeting of the immune system. In the first case, the book presents liposomal and polymer-based therapies, including photodynamic approaches. In the second case, it analyzes in detail the possibility of either improving the efficiency of the immune system toward preventing cancer progression (cancer immunomodulation) or generating responses against specific cancer antigens (cancer vaccines). Beyond these targeting options, Nano-Oncologicals: New Targeting and Delivery Approaches presents the most recent technological advances in the area of nucleic acid-based therapies, along with those in the area of theranostics, where the design of multifunctional nano carriers becomes vital. Following the study of the most promising nanotechnologies around the development of nano-oncologicals, the book ends with an overview of regulatory and toxicological issues, which are critical in their translational pathway, and the presentation of a nucleic acid-based therapy case-study. This book is an important resource for scientists interested in the design and development of anticancer nanotechnologies and also to those aiming to push their technology through clinical development.
Download or read book Handbook of Immunological Properties of Engineered Nanomaterials written by Marina Dobrovolskaia and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Immunological Properties of Engineered Nanomaterials provides a comprehensive overview of the current literature, methodologies, and translational and regulatory considerations in the field of nanoimmunotoxicology. The main subject is the immunological properties of engineered nanomaterials. Focus areas include interactions between engineered nanomaterials and red blood cells, platelets, endothelial cells, professional phagocytes, T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, complement and coagulation systems, and plasma proteins, with discussions on nanoparticle sterility and sterilization. Each chapter presents a broad literature review of the given focus area, describes protocols and resources available to support research in the individual focus areas, highlights challenges, and outlines unanswered questions and future directions. In addition, the Handbook includes an overview of and serves a guide to the physicochemical characterization of engineered nanomaterials essential to conducting meaningful immunological studies of nanoparticles. Regulations related to immunotoxicity testing of materials prior to their translation into the clinic are also reviewed.The Handbook is written by top experts in the field of nanomedicine, nanotechnology, and translational bionanotechnology, representing academia, government, industry, and consulting organizations, and regulatory agencies. The Handbook is designed to serve as a textbook for students, a practical guide for research laboratories, and an informational resource for scientific consultants, reviewers, and policy makers. It is written such that both experts and beginners will find the information highly useful and applicable.
Download or read book Nanoparticle Macrophage Interactions written by Olesja Bondarenko and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2022-09-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoparticles (NPs) offer unique properties for biomedical applications, leading to new nanomedicines. Recent examples of advanced nanoparticle-based nanomedicines are COVID-19 RNA vaccines. Regardless of the delivery route of the NPs into the body (intravenous or subcutaneous injection, oral, intranasal, etc.), NPs inevitably come into contact with immune cells, such as macrophages. Macrophages are phagocytizing cells that determine the fate and the lifetime of NPs in relevant biological fluids or tissues, which has consequences for both nanosafety and nanomedicine. The aim of this Special Issue is to cover recent advancements in our understanding of NP-macrophage interactions, with a focus on in vitro models for nanosafety and novel nanomedicine approaches that allow the modulation of the immunological profile of macrophages. The current Special Issue compiles nine papers: seven research articles and two review articles. The original articles include studies on the interaction of different nanomaterials, such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), amorphous silica, gold nanoparticles, lipid carriers, and microspheres, with macrophages in different scenarios.
Download or read book Emerging Trends in Immunomodulatory Nanomaterials Toward Cancer Therapy written by Anubhab Mukherjee and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, immunomodulatory nanomaterials have gained immense attention due to their involvement in the modulation of the body’s immune response to cancer therapy. This book highlights various immunomodulatory nanomaterials (including organic, polymer, inorganic, liposomes, viral, and protein nanoparticles) and their role in cancer therapy. Additionally, the mechanism of immunomodulation is reviewed in detail. Finally, the challenges of these therapies and their future outlook are discussed. We believe this book will be helpful to a broad community including students, researchers, educators, and industrialists.
Download or read book Nanotoxicology written by Yuliang Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanomedicine written by Huw Summers and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-09-19 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomedicine may be defined as the application of nanotechnology to detect and to treat disease. The ability to shape and control matter at the nanoscale presents the opportunity to prevent or to cure disease at its source—at the level of molecular interactions. By delivering nanoparticles into cells, the molecular pathways and interactions that control cell function can be directly influenced, either to restore proper balance or to kill rogue cells, for example, cancer cells. However, our body’s natural defences are constantly monitoring for foreign invaders, and our immune system readily attacks nanoparticles. Thus, in pursuing nanotherapeutic treatments, we engage in biological warfare, and the challenge to the nanotechnologist is not only to engineer particles with a specific set of physiochemical characteristics but to also avoid the white blood cell, sentinels which will destroy or remove the particles. In this chapter, I review the basic principles which control nanoparticle dynamics in solution, that is, under conditions appropriate to the body, and highlight the key elements of nanoparticle–cell interactions through examination of a naturally evolved nanoparticle which is highly efficient in controlling cells—the virion, or virus particle.
Download or read book Neurotoxicity of Nanomaterials and Nanomedicine written by Xinguo Jiang and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-10-03 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurotoxicity of Nanomaterials and Nanomedicine presents an overview of the exciting research in neurotoxicity and nanomaterials. Nanomaterials have been extensively used in medicine, including diagnosis probes, drug carriers, and embedded materials. While some have been approved for clinical use, most nanomaterials are waiting to be transferred from lab to clinic. However, the toxicity is a main barrier that restricts the translation. This comprehensive book includes chapters on the most commonly used individual nanoparticles, with information on the applications, neurotoxicity, and related mechanisms of each, providing the most in-depth and current information available. The book examines the pathways that nanomaterials enter into, and eliminate, from the brain, along with the strategies that could reduce the neurotoxicity of nanomaterials. Providing a background to the subject, detailed information, and ideas for future directions in research, the book is essential for students and researchers in toxicology, and for those in medicine, neurology, pharmacology, pharmaceutical science, and materials science who are researching nanomaterials. - Presents a thorough discussion of the most common nanoparticles in the brain and their neurotoxicology - Includes the most common nanoparticles, their applications, and mechanisms - Provides one of the first books to focus on nanomedicine and neurotoxicity
Download or read book Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery written by Mathew Sebastian and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-07-23 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This forward-looking book focuses on the recent advances in nanomedicine and drug delivery. It outlines the extraordinary new tools that have become available in nanomedicine and presents an integrated set of perspectives that describe where we are now and where we should be headed to put nanomedicine devices into applications as quickly as possibl
Download or read book Handbook Of Immunological Properties Of Engineered Nanomaterials Second Edition In 3 Volumes written by Marina A Dobrovolskaia and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-01-28 with total page 1184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book provides comprehensive overview of the field of immunology related to engineered nanomaterials used for biomedical applications. It contains literature review, case studies and protocols. The book can serve as a source of information about nanoimmunotoxicology for both junior scientists and experts in the field. The authors have more than 10 years of experience with preclinical characterization of engineered nanomaterials used for medical applications, and they share their experience with the readers. In addition, the international team of experts in the field provides the opinion and share the expertise on individual topics related to nanoparticle physicochemical characterization, hematocompatibility, and effects on the immune cell function . The second edition contains updated chapters from the first edition plus new chapters covering areas of tumor immunology, nanoparticle interaction with lymphatic system, mathematical modeling of protein corona, utilization of nanoparticles for the delivery of antiviral drugs, extensive analysis of nanoparticle anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, novel ways of protecting therapeutic nanoparticles from the immune recognition, as well as case studies regarding nanoparticle sterilization, complement activation, protein binding and immunotherapy of cancer. The second edition comes in 3 volumes. Volume 1 is focused on nanoparticle characterization, sterility and sterilization, pyrogen contamination and depyrigenation. It also contains overview of regulatory guidelines, protocols for in vitro and in vivo immunotoxicity studies, and correlation between in vitro and in vivo immunoassays. Volume 2 is focused on hematocompatibility of nanomaterials. It provides comprehensive review and protocols for investigating nanoparticle interaction with erythrocytes, platelets, endothelial cells, plasma coagulation factors and plasma proteins forming so called 'corona' around nanoparticles. Volume 3 is dedicated to nanoparticle interaction with and effects on the immune cell function. It also contains examples of nanoparticle use for delivery of antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Download or read book Immunomodulatory Effects of Nanomaterials written by Mahmoud Elsabahy and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-06-02 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immunomodulatory Effects of Nanomaterials: Assessment and Analysis provides an overview of the modulatory impact of nanomaterials on the immune system, as well as evaluative and analytical methods for assessing effects. Sections cover a range of common nanomaterials for biomedical use and how different properties can elicit varied responses from the immune system. The immunomodulatory effects of these materials are then discussed, with coverage on adverse and/or toxic effects on the immune system, as well as desired modulatory effects to improve efficacy of applied therapeutics. Readers will also learn about the best evaluation methods for immunomodulatory effects of nanomaterials and associated risks. This book is a useful reference for academics and researchers with an interest in immunology, but it is also idea for those working in the fields of materials science, biomedical engineering, pharmaceutical science, immunology and toxicology. - Details a range of common nanomaterials and how their specific properties and characteristics interact with the immune system - Discusses the immunomodulatory effects of nanomaterials, from unintentional and potentially harmful, to intentional and desired effects on the immune system - Explores methods for evaluation of immunomodulatory effects of nanomaterials, as well as precautions and risks for data analysis and interpretation
Download or read book Emerging Nanotechnologies in Immunology written by Ranjita Shegokar and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2018-05-17 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Nanotechnologies in Immunology aims to deliver a systematic and comprehensive review of data concerning the nature of interaction and nano-related risks between the nanophamaceuticals currently in the pipeline of S&T development for skin, ocular, and nasal drug delivery, including absorption, toxicity, and the ability to distribute after systemic exposure.The scientific development of manufactured nanomaterials for drug delivery is increasing rapidly. One of the most prominent applications is topical drug delivery, where cutaneous, ocular, and nasal exposure becomes even more relevant. These targets are the first barrier that nanoparticles encounter when in contact with the human body.The contributors addresses a representative set of the broad spectrum of nanopharmaceuticals currently being used, including cationic lipid nanoparticles, polymeric PLGA, PLA nanoparticles, biomacromolecules-based nanoparticles, and other scaffolds tissue engineered skin substitutes. Regulation and risk is also covered, since the safety of these nanophamaceuticals still represents a barrier to their wide innovative use. - Provides the reader with a thorough knowledge of the safety aspects of nanopharmaceuticals which are currently under research - Focuses on the characterization and quantification of the nanopharmaceuticals - Allows readers to understand the correlation between the nature of the materials and their potential nanotoxicological effects - Includes an overview of regulatory aspects related to the R&D of nanopharmaceuticals
Download or read book Micro and Nanotechnology in Vaccine Development written by Mariusz Skwarczynski and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2016-09-20 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of how use of micro- and nanotechnology (MNT) has allowed major new advance in vaccine development research, and the challenges that immunologists face in making further progress. MNT allows the creation of particles that exploit the inherent ability of the human immune system to recognize small particles such as viruses and toxins. In combination with minimal protective epitope design, this permits the creation of immunogenic particles that stimulate a response against the targeted pathogen. The finely tuned response of the human immune system to small particles makes it unsurprising that many of the lead adjuvants and vaccine delivery systems currently under investigation are based on nanoparticles. - Provides a comprehensive and unparalleled overview of the role of micro- and nanotechnology in vaccine development - Allows researchers to quickly familiarize themselves with the broad spectrum of vaccines and how micro- and nanotechnologies are applied to their development - Includes a combination of overview chapters setting out general principles, and focused content dealing with specific vaccines, making it useful to readers from a variety of disciplines
Download or read book Biointeractions of Nanomaterials written by Vijaykumar B. Sutariya and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-07-29 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of the widespread application of nano materials in biology, medicine, and pharmaceuticals and the accompanying safety concerns, Bio-interactions of Nano Materials addresses the issues related to toxicity and safety of nano materials and nano systems. It covers the interactions in biological systems and presents various tools and methods used to evaluate the nano toxicity and nano safety issues. Written by leading scientists, the book focuses on the bio-interaction of nano materials, covering various techniques and tests which have been developed to evaluate the toxicity of materials at the nano level. The book highlights the challenges of bio-interactions of nano materials and possible solutions to those challenges. It addresses the assessment and characterization of nano systems in bio-environments, toxicity and bio-sensing devices for toxicity assessment, carbon nano tubes and pulmonary toxicity, and nano toxicity of solid lipid nanoparticles. It also discusses nano safety concerns and solutions, including the effects of nano particles on different organs and regulatory implications of nano materials. These particles may be used to encapsulate drugs, recognize biological markers, or visualize body tissues among many other possibilities, all enabling their widespread application in biology, medicine, and pharmaceutics. Indeed, these nano materials may have beneficial effects that have not even been imagined. This book gives you an understanding of the safety issues, how to assess for them, and how to mitigate them to move forward in research and development of new applications for nano materials.
