Download or read book Intelligence as Adaptive Behavior written by Randall D. Beer and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "intelligence" of traditional artificial intelligence systems is notoriously narrow and inflexible--incapable of adapting to the constantly changing circumstances of the real world. Although traditional artificial intelligence systems can be successful in narrowly prescribed domains, they are inappropriate for dynamic, complex domains, such as autonomous robot navigation.**This book proposes an alternative methodology for designing intelligent systems based on a model of intelligence as adaptive behavior. The author describes an experiment in computational neuroethology--the computer modeling of neuronal control of behavior--in which the nervous system for an artificial insect is modeled. The experiment demonstrates that simple, complete intelligent agents are able to cope with complex, dynamic environments--suggesting that adaptive models of intelligence, based on biological bases of adaptive behavior, may prove to be very useful in the design of intelligent, autonomous systems

Download or read book Prerational Intelligence written by Holk Cruse and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mental Retardation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-08-09 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current estimates suggest that between one and three percent of people living in the United States will receive a diagnosis of mental retardation. Mental retardation, a condition characterized by deficits in intellectual capabilities and adaptive behavior, can be particularly hard to diagnose in the mild range of the disability. The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) provides income support and medical benefits to individuals with cognitive limitations who experience significant problems in their ability to perform work and may therefore be in need of governmental support. Addressing the concern that SSA's current procedures are consistent with current scientific and professional practices, this book evaluates the process used by SSA to determine eligibility for these benefits. It examines the adequacy of the SSA definition of mental retardation and its current procedures for assessing intellectual capabilities, discusses adaptive behavior and its assessment, advises on ways to combine intellectual and adaptive assessment to provide a complete profile of an individual's capabilities, and clarifies ways to differentiate mental retardation from other conditions.

Download or read book From Animals to Animats 2 written by Jean-Arcady Meyer and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 1018 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than sixty contributions in From Animals to Animats 2 byresearchers in ethology, ecology, cybernetics, artificial intelligence, robotics, and related fieldsinvestigate behaviors and the underlying mechanisms that allow animals and, potentially, robots toadapt and survive in uncertain environments. Jean-Arcady Meyer is Director of Research, CNRS, Paris.Herbert L. Roitblat is Professor of Psychology at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Stewart W.Wilson is a scientist at The Rowland Institute for Science, Cambridge,Massachusetts. Topics covered: The Animat Approach to Adaptive Behavior,Perception and Motor Control, Action Selection and Behavioral Sequences, Cognitive Maps and InternalWorld Models, Learning, Evolution, Collective Behavior.

Download or read book Adaptive Intelligence written by Robert J. Sternberg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-04 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High IQs don't improve the world. Adaptive intelligence does, because it prioritizes the common good over individual success.

Download or read book Understanding Intelligence written by Rolf Pfeifer and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2001-07-27 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book includes all the background material required to understand the principles underlying intelligence, as well as enough detailed information on intelligent robotics and simulated agents so readers can begin experiments and projects on their own. By the mid-1980s researchers from artificial intelligence, computer science, brain and cognitive science, and psychology realized that the idea of computers as intelligent machines was inappropriate. The brain does not run "programs"; it does something entirely different. But what? Evolutionary theory says that the brain has evolved not to do mathematical proofs but to control our behavior, to ensure our survival. Researchers now agree that intelligence always manifests itself in behavior—thus it is behavior that we must understand. An exciting new field has grown around the study of behavior-based intelligence, also known as embodied cognitive science, "new AI," and "behavior-based AI." This book provides a systematic introduction to this new way of thinking. After discussing concepts and approaches such as subsumption architecture, Braitenberg vehicles, evolutionary robotics, artificial life, self-organization, and learning, the authors derive a set of principles and a coherent framework for the study of naturally and artificially intelligent systems, or autonomous agents. This framework is based on a synthetic methodology whose goal is understanding by designing and building. The book includes all the background material required to understand the principles underlying intelligence, as well as enough detailed information on intelligent robotics and simulated agents so readers can begin experiments and projects on their own. The reader is guided through a series of case studies that illustrate the design principles of embodied cognitive science.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology and Disability written by Michael L. Wehmeyer and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013-09-19 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is the first comprehensive text on positive psychology and disability. Emphasizing paradigmatic changes in understanding disability, the text covers traditional disciplines in positive psychology; and applications of positive psychology to domains like education or work.

Download or read book Adaptive Behavior and Learning written by J. E. R. Staddon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-10 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes the current state of both theoretical and experimental knowledge about learning in animals.

Download or read book Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales written by Sara S. Sparrow and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book From Animals to Animats 3 written by Dave Cliff and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: August 8-12, 1994, Brighton, England From Animals to Animats 3 brings together research intended to advance the fron tier of an exciting new approach to understanding intelligence. The contributors represent a broad range of interests from artificial intelligence and robotics to ethology and the neurosciences. Unifying these approaches is the notion of "animat" -- an artificial animal, either simulated by a computer or embodied in a robot, which must survive and adapt in progressively more challenging environments. The 58 contributions focus particularly on well-defined models, computer simulations, and built robots in order to help characterize and compare various principles and architectures capable of inducing adaptive behavior in real or artificial animals. Topics include: - Individual and collective behavior. - Neural correlates of behavior. - Perception and motor control. - Motivation and emotion. - Action selection and behavioral sequences. - Ontogeny, learning, and evolution. - Internal world models and cognitive processes. - Applied adaptive behavior. - Autonomous robots. - Heirarchical and parallel organizations. - Emergent structures and behaviors. - Problem solving and planning. - Goal-directed behavior. - Neural networks and evolutionary computation. - Characterization of environments. A Bradford Book

Download or read book Intelligent Behavior in Animals and Robots written by David McFarland and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exciting study explores the novel insight, based on well-established ethological principles, that animals, humans, and autonomous robots can all be analyzed as multi-task autonomous control systems.

Download or read book Adaptive Behavior Assessment System II written by Thomas Oakland and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-10-10 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-II summarizes information on adaptive behavior and skills as well as general issues in adaptive behavior assessment with the goal of promoting sound assessment practice during uses, interpretations, and applications of the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-II. Adaptive behavior and skills refer to personal qualities associated with the ability to meet one's personal needs such as communication, self-care, socialization, etc. and those of others. Data from measures of adaptive behavior have been used most commonly in assessment and intervention services for persons with mental retardation. However, the display of adaptive behaviors and skills is relevant to all persons. The Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-II (ABAS-II) provides a comprehensive, norm-referenced assessment of the adaptive behavior and skills of individuals from birth through age 89. The comprehensive natures of the ABAS-II, ease in administration and scoring, and wide age range have resulted in its widespread use for a large number of assessment purposes. The book provides practical information and thus serves as a valuable resource for those who use the ABAS-II. - Assists in the functional use of the ABAS-II - Provides case studies illustrating use of the ABAS-II in comprehensive assessment and intervention planning - Reviews scholarship on adaptive behaviors and skills - Describes legal, ethical, and other professional standards and guidelines that apply to the use of the ABAS-II and other measures of adaptive behavior - Discusses the use of the ABAS-II with autism, mental retardation; young children and those in elementary and secondary school; as well as incarcerated persons being evaluated for possible mental retardation

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Fred R. Volkmar and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Adaptive Behavior and Its Measurement written by Robert L. Schalock and published by American Association. This book was released on 1999 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A classic guide to what adaptive behavior is and its role in defining the condition of mental retardation as seen from a functional, supports-oriented perspective defined in the 1992 definition manual of the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

Download or read book Theory of Adaptive Structures written by Senol Utku and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-02-18 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theory of Adaptive Structures provides the basic theory for controlling adaptive structures in static and dynamic environments. It synthesizes well-established theories on modern control as well as statics and dynamics of deformable bodies. Discussions concentrate on the discrete parameter adaptive structures dealing with actuator placement, actuator selection, and actuation computation problems - keeping these structures at close proximity of any chosen nominal state with the least energy consumption. An introduction to the distributed parameter adaptive structures is also provided. The book follows that modern trend in research and industry striving to incorporate intelligence into engineered products through microprocessors that are becoming smaller, faster, and cheaper at astounding rates. Not using them in engineered products may become an enormous liability. Resulting from the advances in materials technology on sensors and actuator technologies as well as the availability of very powerful and reliable microprocessors, there is an ever-increasing interest in actively controlling the behavior of engineering systems. Engineers and engineering scientists must revive and broaden their activities to maximize applications for predicting and controlling the behavior of deformable bodies. Topics include: An introduction to adaptive structures Incremental excitation-response relations in static and dynamic cases Active control of response in static case Statically determinate adaptive structures Statically indeterminate adaptive structures Active vibration control for autonomous and non-autonomous cases Active control against wind Active control against seismic loads Distributed parameter adaptive structures The technology of adaptive structures has created an environment where the analysis, not the computation, of structural response - due to actuator-inserted deformations - has become important. Problems related to the placement, the operation in real time, and the energy consumption of the actuators require the review and broadening of the theories long dormant due to the emphasis placed in the numerical simulations of structural behavior by the displacement finite element method. This book furnishes the basic theory needed by modern engineers in the design and control of discrete parameter adaptive structures .

Download or read book Adaptive Thinking written by Gerd Gigerenzer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002-03-07 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Where do new ideas come from? What is social intelligence? Why do social scientists perform mindless statistical rituals? This vital book is about rethinking rationality as adaptive thinking: to understand how minds cope with their environments, both ecological and social.Gerd Gigerenzer proposes and illustrates a bold new research program that investigates the psychology of rationality, introducing the concepts of ecological, bounded, and social rationality. His path-breaking collection takes research on thinking, social intelligence, creativity, and decision-making out of an ethereal world where the laws of logic and probability reign, and places it into our real world of human behavior and interaction. Adaptive Thinking is accessibly written for general readers with an interest in psychology, cognitive science, economics, sociology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, and animal behavior. It also teaches a practical audience, such as physicians, AIDS counselors, and experts in criminal law, how to understand and communicate uncertainties and risks.

Download or read book Assessing Intelligence in Children and Adolescents written by John H. Kranzler and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-08-27 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical guide to the intellectual assessment of children and adolescents in schools is widely used, both by practicing school psychologists and by instructors and students in graduate school psychology programs. This second edition includes evidence-based best practices for the use and interpretation of intelligence tests in decision-making by counselors, teachers, administrators, and other school personnel. While the assessment of intelligence has long been mandated by law for eligibility determination for special education and related services, there is widespread disagreement about the use and interpretation of intelligence tests. This is the only intellectual assessment book to address this issue by critically reviewing the scientific evidence regarding the critical role played by intelligence tests in the schools for the determination of eligibility for special education and related services, alongside the plethora of practical information. New to this edition: New chapter that reviews the methodology used in research on interventions that target cognitive abilities, and the results of that research, as well as literature on aptitude-by-treatment interactions in the cognitive domain New chapter on the WISC-V, its history, and an in-depth description of its organization, materials, and scores, for both the traditional administration format and the new Q-interactive format New section titled, “Where in the Brain is Intelligence?” as well as expanded discussions of contemporary training programs designed to increase intelligence Revised Screening Tool for Assessment forms to address English language proficiency and acculturation Updated entries for four intelligence tests and added an entry for the Detroit Test of Learning Abilities, Fifth Edition (Hammill, McGhee, & Ehrler, 2018). Added sections focused on test accommodations and behavior management during testing Recommendations for incorporating emergent assessment technology (e.g., tablet-based test administration). New content addressing different styles of reports as well as a summary of new recommendations from the recently published Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition (2019). Review of the most recent ethical guidelines from the American Psychological Association and the National Association of School Psychologists