Download or read book Integrating Hydrodynamic and Oil Spill Trajectory Models for Nowcasts forecasts of Texas Bays written by Itay Rosenzweig and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new method for automatically integrating the results of hydrodynamic models of currents in Texas bays with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) in house oil spill trajectory model, the General NOAA Operational Modeling Environment (GNOME), is presented. Oil spill trajectories are predicted by inputting wind and water current forces on an initial spill in a dedicated spill trajectory model. These currents can be field measured, but in most real and meaningful cases, the current field is too spatially complex to measure with any accuracy. Instead, current fields are simulated by hydrodynamic models, whose results must then be coupled with a dedicated spill trajectory model. The newly developed automated approach based on Python scripting eliminates the present labor-intensive practice of manually coupling outputs and inputs of the separate models, which requires expert interpretation and modification of data formats and setup conditions for different models. The integrated system is demonstrated by coupling GNOME independently with TXBLEND -- a 2D depth-averaged model which is currently used by the Texas Water Development Board, and SELFE -- a newer 3D hydrodynamic model with turbulent wind mixing. A hypothetical spill in Galveston Bay is simulated under different conditions using both models, and a brief qualitative comparison of the results is used to raise questions that may be addressed in future work using the automated coupling system to determine the minimum modeling requirements for an advanced oil spill nowcast/forecast platform in Texas bays.
Download or read book Hydrodynamic Uncertainty in Oil Spill Modeling written by Xianlong Hou and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new method is presented to provide automatic sequencing of multiple hydrodynamic models and automated analysis of model forecast uncertainty. A Hydrodynamic and oil spill model Python (HyosPy) wrapper was developed to run the hydrodynamic model, link with the oil spill, and visualize results. The HyosPy wrapper completes the following steps automatically: (1) downloads wind and tide data (nowcast, forecast and historical); (2) converts data to hydrodynamic model input; (3) initializes a sequence of hydrodynamic models starting at pre-defined intervals on a multi-processor workstation. Each model starts from the latest observed data, so that the multiple models provide a range of forecast hydrodynamics with different initial and boundary conditions reflecting different forecast horizons. As a simple testbed for integration strategies and visualization on Google Earth, a Runge-Kutta 4th order (RK4) particle transport tracer routine is developed for oil spill transport. The model forecast uncertainty is estimated by the difference between forecasts in the sequenced model runs and quantified by using statistics measurements. The HyosPy integrated system with wind and tide force is demonstrated by introducing an imaginary oil spill in Corpus Christi Bay. The results show that challenges in operational oil spill modeling can be met by leveraging existing models and web-visualization methods to provide tools for emergency managers.
Download or read book Evaluating Hydrodynamic Uncertainty in Oil Spill Modeling written by Xianlong Hou and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new method is presented to provide automatic sequencing of multiple hydrodynamic models and automated analysis of model forecast uncertainty. A Hydrodynamic and oil spill model Python (HyosPy) wrapper was developed to run the hydrodynamic model, link with the oil spill, and visualize results. The HyosPy wrapper completes the following steps automatically: (1) downloads wind and tide data (nowcast, forecast and historical); (2) converts data to hydrodynamic model input; (3) initializes a sequence of hydrodynamic models starting at pre-defined intervals on a multi-processor workstation. Each model starts from the latest observed data, so that the multiple models provide a range of forecast hydrodynamics with different initial and boundary conditions reflecting different forecast horizons. As a simple testbed for integration strategies and visualization on Google Earth, a Runge-Kutta 4th order (RK4) particle transport tracer routine is developed for oil spill transport. The model forecast uncertainty is estimated by the difference between forecasts in the sequenced model runs and quantified by using statistics measurements. The HyosPy integrated system with wind and tide force is demonstrated by introducing an imaginary oil spill in Corpus Christi Bay. The results show that challenges in operational oil spill modeling can be met by leveraging existing models and web-visualization methods to provide tools for emergency managers.
Download or read book Comunidad latinoamericano de escritores written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantifying Transport Process Uncertainty for Oil Spill Modeling Across the Bay shelf Continuum written by Dongyu Feng and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil spills are a common environmental issue in estuaries and coastal oceans. Such spills can be caused by ship collisions, offshore oil rig blowouts, or onshore leakage from production facilities. To minimize spill impacts, operational managers require reliable and rapid real-time prediction of oil transport paths through bays and inlets. Such modeling tools can be used for advanced planning, real-time decision-making, and post-event analysis of spill spatial extents. Advanced oil spill operational systems are commonly applied to predict the fate and trajectory of a spill - data that is needed as rapidly as possible during a spill event to set up containment equipment. In operational oil spill modeling, predictions require velocity currents provided by hydrodynamic models, which often employ a moderate domain size and coarse-resolution grids for computational efficiency and rapid predictions. However, coarse resolution models limit the accuracy of the modeling prediction. In particular, a practical coarse-grid resolution can introduce model structural errors when the small-scale flow features are poorly resolved. Such errors have been called "geometric uncertainty", as the coarse-grid geometry of the model introduces uncertain error into the predictions. Of particular interest are starting jet vortices (tidal eddies) that are common at the inlet of bar-built estuaries with narrow inlet channels, where channel dredging and jetties have been employed to aid ship traffic. These eddies influence Lagrangian transport paths and hence the fate of an oil spill potentially entering or leaving an estuary. A further problem is that the multi-scale flows that combine bay and coastal shelf physics are not typically represented in estuary models, which limits the accuracy of oil spill predictions across the shelf-estuary interface. The errors introduced by neglecting the multi-scale flows can be significant, particularly when the alongshore currents on the shelf encountering strong tidal flows at the estuary entrance. At model scales relevant to the operational prediction of oil spills, this research quantifies: (i) effects of tidal eddies on mixing process and effects at a channel entrance, (ii) geometric uncertainty associated with bay oil spills, and (iii) oil spill transport across the shelf-estuary interface. These issues are addressed using Galveston Bay as the study site. It is demonstrated that an adequate eddy solution is obtained at the horizontal grid size of ∼140 m, and the model at a practical operational grid resolution (∼400 m) captures neither the eddies nor their effects on particle movement, despite showing a satisfactory prediction of net transport through the inlet. With regards to geometric uncertainty, the research shows that such uncertainty is variable in both space and time, and can increase during strong flow dynamics. It is further shown that multi-scale flows affect oil spill transport across the shelf-estuary interface, and models that are focused on either the shelf or the coastal region alone will poorly represent the transport. To address these issues, this study proposes: (i) an empirical Lagrangian eddy model to simulate eddy effects at a channel entrance when an operational model has insufficient grid resolution, (ii) a data-driven uncertainty model and a multi-model integration to operationally quantify the geometric uncertainty, and (iii) a new 3-dimensional Galveston Bay model to reproduce the multi-scale flows that control the shelf-estuary transport. The technologies developed herein are able to integrate small-scale physics and explicit information of estimated modeling errors, and thus improve oil spill predictions at operational grid scales. The approach integrates results from coarse-resolution and fine-resolution models, providing emergency managers a more reliable tool for rapid spill assessment and response. This research enhances our understanding of the oil transport across the threshold between two contiguous water systems and highlights the importance of resolving the multi-scale flows that affect the fate and transport of oil spills
Download or read book Comparison of Trajectories Generated by the NOAA Oil Spill Model to Trajectories Produced Using HF Radar derived Currents in Monterey Bay written by Margaret A. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HF radar-derived surface current data was examined for use in oil spill trajectory prediction in Monterey Bay. Trajectories produced by the NOAA/ HAZMAT On-Scene Spill Model, using different combinations of surface currents and winds, were compared to trajectories generated using HF radar-derived surface currents. Currents examined included Output from the NOAA circulation model and canonical-day averages of the HF radar-derived current maps, either as spatially constant but temporally varying currents (time file) or spatially varying two-hourly current patterns (grids). Results from OSSM using the NOAA circulation model currents did not compare favorably with HF radar-derived trajectories inside Monterey Bay. OSSM produced realistic overall trajectory patterns throughout the Bay using the canonical-day grid current files and, to a lesser degree, canonical-day time file currents. Both OSSM and HF radar-derived trajectories show sensitivity to release time. In the afternoon, trajectories display rapid southeastward flow. At night, currents are weaker. The week's worth of direct surface current data used in this study was found to be representative of the seasonal summertime pattern in Monterey Bay and provided realistic current patterns for use in OSSM for initial trajectory prediction in lieu of real time HF radar-derived surface currents.
Download or read book Coastal and Marine Environments written by Yeqiao Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-05-19 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by world-class scientists and scholars, The Handbook of Natural Resources, Second Edition, is an excellent reference for understanding the consequences of changing natural resources to the degradation of ecological integrity and the sustainability of life. Based on the content of the bestselling and CHOICE-awarded Encyclopedia of Natural Resources, this new edition demonstrates the major challenges that the society is facing for the sustainability of all well-being on the planet Earth. The experience, evidence, methods, and models used in studying natural resources are presented in six stand-alone volumes, arranged along the main systems of land, water, and air. It reviews state-of-the-art knowledge, highlights advances made in different areas, and provides guidance for the appropriate use of remote sensing and geospatial data with field-based measurements in the study of natural resources. Volume 5, Coastal and Marine Environments, discusses marine and coastal ecosystems, their biodiversity, conservation, and integrated marine management plans. It provides fundamental information on coastal and estuarine systems and includes discussions on coastal erosion and shoreline change, natural disasters, evaporation and energy balance, fisheries and marine resource management, and more. New in this edition are discussions on sea level rise, renewable energy, coral reef restoration, fishery resource economics, and coastal remote sensing. This volume demonstrates the key processes, methods, and models used through many case studies from around the world. Written in an easy-to-reference manner, The Handbook of Natural Resources, Second Edition, as individual volumes or as a complete set, is an essential reading for anyone looking for a deeper understanding of the science and management of natural resources. Public and private libraries, educational and research institutions, scientists, scholars, and resource managers will benefit enormously from this set. Individual volumes and chapters can also be used in a wide variety of both graduate and undergraduate courses in environmental science and natural science at different levels and disciplines, such as biology, geography, earth system science, and ecology.
Download or read book Monitoring and Modeling the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill written by Yonggang Liu and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2011-01-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 195. Monitoring and Modeling the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: A Record-Breaking Enterprise presents an overview of some of the significant work that was conducted in immediate response to the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. It includes studies of in situ and remotely sensed observations and laboratory and numerical model studies on the four-dimensional oceanographic conditions in the gulf and their influence on the distribution and fate of the discharged oil. Highlights of the book include discussions of the following: immediate responses to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill using Integrated Ocean Observing System resources; monitoring the surface and subsurface oil using satellites, aircraft, vessels, and AUVs; mapping the oceanographic conditions using satellites, aircraft, vessels, drifters, and moorings; modeling the spreading of surface oil trajectories and the three-dimensional dispersal of subsurface hydrocarbon plumes; oil spill risk analyses and statistical studies on the fate of the oil; and laboratory investigation of ocean stratification related to subsurface plumes. This book will be of value to scientists interested in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the Gulf of Mexico, and the potential for conveyance of oil spilled in the Gulf of Mexico to the North Atlantic. A more technical audience may include those interested in oil spill detection, trajectory model forecasting, and risk analyses and those with an interest in applied oceanography, including scientists, engineers, environmentalists, natural and living marine resource managers and students within academic institutions, agencies, and industries who are involved with the Gulf of Mexico and other regions with offshore oil and gas exploration and production.
Download or read book Guide to Wave Analysis and Forecasting written by World Meteorological Organization and published by Secretariat to World Meteorological Organization. This book was released on 1998 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Building and Measuring Community Resilience written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-05-26 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The frequency and severity of disasters over the last few decades have presented unprecedented challenges for communities across the United States. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina exposed the complexity and breadth of a deadly combination of existing community stressors, aging infrastructure, and a powerful natural hazard. In many ways, the devastation of Hurricane Katrina was a turning point for understanding and managing disasters, as well as related plan making and policy formulation. It brought the phrase "community resilience" into the lexicon of disaster management. Building and Measuring Community Resilience: Actions for Communities and the Gulf Research Program summarizes the existing portfolio of relevant or related resilience measurement efforts and notes gaps and challenges associated with them. It describes how some communities build and measure resilience and offers four key actions that communities could take to build and measure their resilience in order to address gaps identified in current community resilience measurement efforts. This report also provides recommendations to the Gulf Research Program to build and measure resilience in the Gulf of Mexico region.
Download or read book Measuring Ocean Currents written by Antony Joseph and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-08-12 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measuring Ocean Currents: Tools, Technologies, and Data covers all major aspects of ocean current measurements in view of the implications of ocean currents on changing climate, increasing pollution levels, and offshore engineering activities. Although more than 70% of the Earth is covered by ocean, there is limited information on the countless fine- to large-scale water motions taking place within them. This book fills that information gap as the first work that summarizes the state-of-the-art methods and instruments used for surface, subsurface, and abyssal ocean current measurements. Readers of this book will find a wealth of information on Lagrangian measurements, horizontal mapping, imaging, Eulerian measurements, and vertical profiling techniques. In addition, the book describes modern technologies for remote measurement of ocean currents and their signatures, including HF Doppler radar systems, satellite-borne sensors, ocean acoustic tomography, and more. Crucial aspects of ocean currents are described in detail as well, including dispersion of effluents discharged into the sea and transport of beneficial materials—as well as environmentally hazardous materials—from one region to another. The book highlights several important practical applications, showing how measurements relate to climate change and pollution levels, how they affect coastal and offshore engineering activities, and how they can aid in tsunami detection. - Coverage of measurement, mapping and profiling techniques - Descriptions of technologies for remote measurement of ocean currents and their signatures - Reviews crucial aspects of ocean currents, including special emphasis on the planet-spanning thermohaline circulation, known as the ocean's "conveyor belt," and its crucial role in climate change
Download or read book Sustainable Winter Road Operations written by Xianming Shi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-08-27 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first and only comprehensive guide to best practices in winter road operations Winter maintenance operations are essential to ensure the safety, mobility, and productivity of transportation systems, especially in cold-weather climates, and responsible agencies are continually challenged to provide a high level of service in a fiscally and environmentally responsible manner. Sustainable Winter Road Operations bridges the knowledge gaps, providing the first up-to-date, authoritative, single-source overview and guide to best practices in winter road operations that considers the triple bottom line of sustainability. With contributions from experts in the field from around the world, this book takes a holistic approach to the subject. The authors address the many negative impacts on regional economies and the environment of poorly planned and inadequate winter road operations, and they make a strong case for the myriad benefits of environmentally sustainable concepts and practices. Best practice applications of materials, processes, equipment, and associated technologies and how they can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of winter operations, optimize materials usage, and minimize cost, corrosion, and environmental impacts are all covered in depth. Provides the first up-to-date, authoritative and comprehensive overview of best practices in sustainable winter road operations currently in use around the world Covers materials, processes, equipment, and associated technologies for sustainable winter road operations Brings together contributions by an international all-star team of experts with extensive experience in designing, implementing, and managing sustainable winter road operations Designed to bring professionals involved in transportation and highway maintenance and control up to speed with current best practice Sustainable Winter Road Operations is essential reading for maintenance professionals dealing with snow and ice control operations on highways, motorways and local roads. It is a valuable source of information and guidance for decision makers, researchers, and engineers in transportation engineering involved in transportation and highway maintenance. And it is an ideal textbook for advanced-level courses in transportation engineering.
Download or read book Coral Reef Remote Sensing written by James A. Goodman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote sensing stands as the defining technology in our ability to monitor coral reefs, as well as their biophysical properties and associated processes, at regional to global scales. With overwhelming evidence that much of Earth’s reefs are in decline, our need for large-scale, repeatable assessments of reefs has never been so great. Fortunately, the last two decades have seen a rapid expansion in the ability for remote sensing to map and monitor the coral reef ecosystem, its overlying water column, and surrounding environment. Remote sensing is now a fundamental tool for the mapping, monitoring and management of coral reef ecosystems. Remote sensing offers repeatable, quantitative assessments of habitat and environmental characteristics over spatially extensive areas. As the multi-disciplinary field of coral reef remote sensing continues to mature, results demonstrate that the techniques and capabilities continue to improve. New developments allow reef assessments and mapping to be performed with higher accuracy, across greater spatial areas, and with greater temporal frequency. The increased level of information that remote sensing now makes available also allows more complex scientific questions to be addressed. As defined for this book, remote sensing includes the vast array of geospatial data collected from land, water, ship, airborne and satellite platforms. The book is organized by technology, including: visible and infrared sensing using photographic, multispectral and hyperspectral instruments; active sensing using light detection and ranging (LiDAR); acoustic sensing using ship, autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and in-water platforms; and thermal and radar instruments. Emphasis and Audience This book serves multiple roles. It offers an overview of the current state-of-the-art technologies for reef mapping, provides detailed technical information for coral reef remote sensing specialists, imparts insight on the scientific questions that can be tackled using this technology, and also includes a foundation for those new to reef remote sensing. The individual sections of the book include introductory overviews of four main types of remotely sensed data used to study coral reefs, followed by specific examples demonstrating practical applications of the different technologies being discussed. Guidelines for selecting the most appropriate sensor for particular applications are provided, including an overview of how to utilize remote sensing data as an effective tool in science and management. The text is richly illustrated with examples of each sensing technology applied to a range of scientific, monitoring and management questions in reefs around the world. As such, the book is broadly accessible to a general audience, as well as students, managers, remote sensing specialists and anyone else working with coral reef ecosystems.
Download or read book Atmospheric Science written by John M. Wallace and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-03-24 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric Science, Second Edition, is the long-awaited update of the classic atmospheric science text, which helped define the field nearly 30 years ago and has served as the cornerstone for most university curricula. Now students and professionals alike can use this updated classic to understand atmospheric phenomena in the context of the latest discoveries, and prepare themselves for more advanced study and real-life problem solving. This latest edition of Atmospheric Science, has been revamped in terms of content and appearance. It contains new chapters on atmospheric chemistry, the Earth system, the atmospheric boundary layer, and climate, as well as enhanced treatment of atmospheric dynamics, radiative transfer, severe storms, and global warming. The authors illustrate concepts with full-color, state-of-the-art imagery and cover a vast amount of new information in the field. Extensive numerical and qualitative exercises help students apply basic physical principles to atmospheric problems. There are also biographical footnotes summarizing the work of key scientists, along with a student companion website that hosts climate data; answers to quantitative exercises; full solutions to selected exercises; skew-T log p chart; related links, appendices; and more. The instructor website features: instructor's guide; solutions to quantitative exercises; electronic figures from the book; plus supplementary images for use in classroom presentations. Meteorology students at both advanced undergraduate and graduate levels will find this book extremely useful. - Full-color satellite imagery and cloud photographs illustrate principles throughout - Extensive numerical and qualitative exercises emphasize the application of basic physical principles to problems in the atmospheric sciences - Biographical footnotes summarize the lives and work of scientists mentioned in the text, and provide students with a sense of the long history of meteorology - Companion website encourages more advanced exploration of text topics: supplementary information, images, and bonus exercises
Download or read book Citizen Science Reducing Risk and Building Resilience to Natural Hazards written by Jonathan D. Paul and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-17 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Concentrating Solar Thermal Research and Technology written by Manuel Blanco and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After decades of research and development, concentrating solar thermal (CST) power plants (also known as concentrating solar power (CSP) and as Solar Thermal Electricity or STE systems) are now starting to be widely commercialized. Indeed, the IEA predicts that by 2050, with sufficient support over ten percent of global electricity could be produced by concentrating solar thermal power plants. However, CSP plants are just but one of the many possible applications of CST systems. Advances in Concentrating Solar Thermal Research and Technology provides detailed information on the latest advances in CST systems research and technology. It promotes a deep understanding of the challenges the different CST technologies are confronted with, of the research that is taking place worldwide to address those challenges, and of the impact that the innovation that this research is fostering could have on the emergence of new CST components and concepts. It is anticipated that these developments will substantially increase the cost-competiveness of commercial CST solutions and reshape the technological landscape of both CST technologies and the CST industry. After an introductory chapter, the next three parts of the book focus on key CST plant components, from mirrors and receivers to thermal storage. The final two parts of the book address operation and control and innovative CST system concepts. - Contains authoritative reviews of CST research taking place around the world - Discusses the impact this research is fostering on the emergence of new CST components and concepts that will substantially increase the cost-competitiveness of CST power - Covers both major CST plant components and system-wide issues
Download or read book Recent Technologies for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction written by Praveen Kumar Rai and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-21 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains to governments, decision makers and disaster professionals the potential uses of recent technologies for disaster monitoring and risk reduction based on the knowledge and experience of prominent experts/researchers in the relevant fields. It discusses the application of recent technological developments for emerging disaster risks in today's societies and deliberates on the various aspects of disaster risk reduction strategies, especially through sustainable community resilience and responses. This book consists of selected invited papers on disaster management, which focus on community resilience and responses towards disaster risk reduction based on experiences, and closely examines the coordinated research activities involving all stakeholders, especially the communities at risk. Many regions of the world and aspects of disaster risk and its management are covered. It is described how recent technologies will support better understanding and action to reduce the number and impact of disasters in future. The principal audience for this book is researchers, urban planners, policy makers, as well as students.
