Download or read book Integrated Reservoir Studies for CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery and Sequestration written by Shib Sankar Ganguli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-30 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the feasibility of CO2-EOR and sequestration in a mature Indian oil field, pursuing for the first time a cross-disciplinary approach that combines the results from reservoir modeling and flow simulation, rock physics modeling, geomechanics, and time-lapse (4D) seismic monitoring study. The key findings presented indicate that the field under study holds great potential for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and subsequent CO2 storage. Experts around the globe argue that storing CO2 by means of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) could support climate change mitigation by reducing the amount of CO2 emissions in the atmosphere by ca. 20%. CO2-EOR and sequestration is a cutting-edge and emerging field of research in India, and there is an urgent need to assess Indian hydrocarbon reservoirs for the feasibility of CO2-EOR and storage. Combining the fundamentals of the technique with concrete examples, the book is essential reading for all researchers, students and oil & gas professionals who want to fully understand CO2-EOR and its geologic sequestration process in mature oil fields.

Download or read book Demonstration of a Novel Integrated Multi Scale Procedure for High Resolution 3D Reservoir Characterization and Improved CO2 EOR written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary goal of this project was to demonstrate a new and novel approach for high resolution, 3D reservoir characterization that can enable better management of CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects and, looking to the future, carbon sequestration projects. The approach adopted has been the subject of previous research by the DOE and others, and relies primarily upon data-mining and advanced pattern recognition approaches. This approach honors all reservoir characterization data collected, but accepts that our understanding of how these measurements relate to the information of most interest, such as how porosity and permeability vary over a reservoir volume, is imperfect. Ideally the data needed for such an approach includes surface seismic to provide the greatest amount of data over the entire reservoir volume of interest, crosswell seismic to fill the resolution gap between surface seismic and wellbore-scale measurements, geophysical well logs to provide the vertical resolution sought, and core data to provide the tie to the information of most interest. These data are combined via a series of one or more relational models to enable, in its most successful application, the prediction of porosity and permeability on a vertical resolution similar to logs at each surface seismic trace location. In this project, the procedure was applied to the giant (and highly complex) SACROC unit of the Permian basin in West Texas, one of the world's largest CO2-EOR projects and a potentially world-class geologic sequestration site. Due to operational scheduling considerations on the part of the operator of the field, the crosswell data was not obtained during the period of project performance (it is currently being collected however as part of another DOE project). This compromised the utility of the surface seismic data for the project due to the resolution gap between it and the geophysical well logs. An alternative approach was adopted that utilized a relational model to predict porosity and permeability profiles from well logs at each well location, and a 3D geostatistical variogram to generate the reservoir characterization over the reservoir volume of interest. A reservoir simulation model was built based upon this characterization and history-matched without making significant changes to it, thus validating the procedure. While not the same procedure as originally planned, the procedure ultimately employed proved successful and demonstrated that the general concepts proposed (i.e., data mining and advanced pattern recognition methods) have the flexibility to achieve the reservoir characterization objectives sought even with imperfect or incomplete data.

Download or read book CO2 Storage Coupled with Enhanced Oil Recovery written by Kun Sang Lee and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive and detailed description of the various mechanisms of the CCS–EOR process. Whereas previous texts have primarily focused on carbon capture and storage (CCS) and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) separately, this book provides a general overview of both technologies when used together. Coupled CCS–EOR technology has become increasingly important, as it overcomes the respective shortcomings of the two technologies. The book presents an integrated numerical model including the hysteresis effect, solubility trapping, miscibility, and formation damage by asphaltene deposition. The experimental and model-based evaluation of fluid properties is also discussed. The book concludes by discussing the latest research into CO2 storage coupled with EOR, most notably performance control by including additives in CO2 injection, and CO2 injection into shale reservoirs. Ideally suited for graduate students and researchers in the fields of carbon capture, utilisation, and storage, the book shares essential insights into maximising the efficiency of CCS and EOR alike.

Download or read book Carbon Sequestration Atlas of the United States and Canada written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of the Carbon Sequestration Atlas of the United States and Canada contains three main sections: (1) Introduction, (2) National Perspectives, and (3) Regional Perspectives. The Introduction section contains an overview of CCS technologies, a summary of the DOE's efforts in the CCS area, a brief description of the RCSP Program, and information on the National Carbon Sequestration Database and Geographic Information System (NATCARB). The National Perspectives section provides maps showing the number, location, and magnitude of identified CO2 stationary sources in the U.S. and portions of Canada, as well as the areal extent and estimated CO2 storage resource available in geologic formations evaluated within the RCSP Regions. The National Perspectives section also contains a summary of the methodologies and assumptions employed to calculate CO2 emissions and estimated CO2 storage resource of various geologic formations. The Regional perspectives section includes a detailed presentation of CO2 stationary sources, CO2 storage resource assessments, updates on field projects, and information on commercialization opportunities in each RCSP based on these methodologies and assumptions.

Download or read book Evaluation of CO2 Sequestration Through Enhanced Oil Recovery in West Sak Reservoir written by Vahid Nourpour Aghbash and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has been proposed as a method of sequestering CO2. This study evaluates using CO2 as an EOR agent in the West Sak reservoir. The injected CO2 mixes with the oil and reduces the oil viscosity, enhancing its recovery. A considerable amount of CO2 is left in the reservoir and 'sequestered'. Due to low reservoir temperature, this process can lead to formation of three hydrocarbon phases in the reservoir. An equation of state was tuned to simulate the West Sak oil and complex phase behavior of the CO2-oil mixtures. A compositional simulator capable of handling three-phase flash calculation and four-phase flow was used to simulate CO2 injection into a three-dimensional heterogeneous pattern model. The results showed that CO2 EOR in the West Sak reservoir increases oil recovery by 4.5% of original oil in place and 48 million metric tons of CO2 could be sequestered. Ignoring four-phase flow underestimated oil recovery and sequestered CO2 volume. Enriching the CO2 with natural gas liquid decreased sequestered CO2 volume without a significant increase in oil recovery. Dissolution of CO2 in the water phase and different water/CO2 slug sizes and ratios did not change the sequestered CO2 volume and oil recovery.

Download or read book Reservoir Simulation Studies for Coupled CO2 Sequestration and Enhanced Oil Recovery written by Yousef Ghomian and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compositional reservoir simulation studies were performed to investigate the effect of uncertain reservoir parameters, flood design variables, and economic factors on coupled CO2 sequestration and EOR projects. Typical sandstone and carbonate reservoir properties were used to build generic reservoir models. A large number of simulations were needed to quantify the impact of all these factors and their corresponding uncertainties taking into account various combinations of the factors. The design of experiment method along with response surface methodology and Monte-Carlo simulations were utilized to maximize the information gained from each uncertainty analysis. The two objective functions were project profit in the form of $/bbl of oil produced and sequestered amount of CO2 in the reservoir. The optimized values for all objective functions predicted by design of experiment and the response surface method were found to be close to the values obtained by the simulation study, but with only a small fraction of the computational time. After the statistical analysis of the simulation results, the most to least influential factors for maximizing both profit and amount of stored CO2 are the produced gas oil ratio constraint, production and injection well types, and well spacing. For WAG injection scenarios, the Dykstra-Parsons coefficient and combinations of WAG ratio and slug size are important parameters. Also for a CO2 flood, no significant reduction of profit occurred when only the storage of CO2 was maximized. In terms of the economic parameters, it was demonstrated that the oil price dominates the CO2 EOR and storage. This study showed that sandstone reservoirs have higher probability of need for CO2i ncentives. In addition, higher CO2 credit is needed for WAG injection scenarios than continuous CO2 injection. As the second part of this study, scaling groups for miscible CO2 flooding in a three-dimensional oil reservoir were derived using inspectional analysis with special emphasis on the equations related to phase behavior. Some of these scaling groups were used to develop a new MMP correlation. This correlation was compared with published correlations using a wide range of reservoir fluids and found to give more accurate predictions of the MMP.

Download or read book Integrated Study on the Applicability of CO2 EOR in Unconventional Liquids Rich Reservoirs written by Dheiaa Khafief Khashan Alfarge and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Unconventional Liquids Rich Reservoirs (ULR) such as Bakken, Niobrara, and Eagle Ford have become the main target for oil and gas investors as conventional formations started to deplete and diminish in number. These unconventional plays have a huge oil reserve; however, the predicted primary oil recovery is still low as an average of 7.5 %. Unconventional Improved Oil Recovery (UIOR) techniques are still a new concept in the oil industry because there is no commercial project for any IOR technique so far. Injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) might be the most potential strategy to improve oil recovery in such complex plays. In this study, three different approaches were combined to investigate the applicability of CO2-EOR in these unconventional reservoirs. Firstly, experimental data analysis for the feasibility of CO2-EOR was conducted on 95 cases of natural preserved core samples collected from different shale formations. Secondly, a numerical simulation study was conducted to upscale the reported experimental-studies outcomes to the field conditions. Thirdly, CO2-EOR performances in some of the fields' pilots performed in Bakken formation were matched and analyzed by using numerical simulation methods. This study found that the kinetics of oil recovery process in productive areas and CO2-diffusivity level in the field scale of ULR are the keys to perform a successful CO2-EOR project. The results also diagnosed the gap between CO2 performances in lab-conditions versus to what happened in field pilots. Geomechanics coupling has a clear effect on CO2-EOR performance; however, different geomechanics approaches have a different validity in these shale plays. Finally, this research provided deep insights on how CO2-EOR is different in conventional reservoirs as in unconventional formations"--Abstract, page iv.

Download or read book Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Case Studies written by James J.Sheng and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Case Studies bridges the gap between theory and practice in a range of real-world EOR settings. Areas covered include steam and polymer flooding, use of foam, in situ combustion, microorganisms, "smart water"-based EOR in carbonates and sandstones, and many more. Oil industry professionals know that the key to a successful enhanced oil recovery project lies in anticipating the differences between plans and the realities found in the field. This book aids that effort, providing valuable case studies from more than 250 EOR pilot and field applications in a variety of oil fields. The case studies cover practical problems, underlying theoretical and modeling methods, operational parameters, solutions and sensitivity studies, and performance optimization strategies, benefitting academicians and oil company practitioners alike. Strikes an ideal balance between theory and practice Focuses on practical problems, underlying theoretical and modeling methods, and operational parameters Designed for technical professionals, covering the fundamental as well as the advanced aspects of EOR

Download or read book Geological CO2 Storage Characterization written by Ronald C. Surdam and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-12 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates geological CO2 storage and its role in greenhouse gas emissions reduction, enhanced oil recovery, and environmentally responsible use of fossil fuels. Written for energy/environmental regulators at every level of government (federal, state, etc.), scientists/academics, representatives from the power and fossil energy sectors, NGOs, and other interested parties, this book uses the characterization of the Rock Springs Uplift site in Wyoming as an integrated case study to illustrate the application of geological CO2 storage science, principles, and theory in a real-world scenario.

Download or read book Screening and Assessing the CO2 Storage Potential of CO2 EOR in Onshore Oil Fields in Louisiana written by Arnold Oseiy Aluge and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) is a form of carbon storage that has the potential to minimize CO2 emissions while also increasing energy output from newly recovered oil. Louisiana is the 5th largest emitter of energy-related CO2 in the United States, with about 200 million metric tonnes of CO2 emitted annually. Louisiana has over 20,000 oil and gas reservoirs and 287 CO2 point sources. This study used a screening methodology at the reservoir level to identify appropriate CO2-EOR candidate reservoirs in Louisiana and their CO2-EOR reserve estimates. Also, an economic analysis of CO2-EOR was carried out in this thesis, which included sensitivity and scenario analysis. In Louisiana, this study identified 217 reservoirs across 86 oil fields as potential CO2-EOR candidates. According to the Louisiana assessment, the 217 candidate reservoirs have a total of 1.4 billion STB of OOIP and a 205 million STB incremental oil potential worth $12.3 billion. The CO2 storage capacity of these reservoirs is projected to be 100 million metric tons. There are several other suitable candidate reservoirs in Louisiana that were not taken into account in this analysis. When combined with the reservoirs described in this thesis, the incremental oil recovered potential and CO2 reservoir storage capacity will reach 1.5 billion STB and 2.6 billion metric tons, respectively. In Haynesville, Bayou Segnette, and Paradis, case studies were conducted for suitable CO2-EOR candidate reservoirs. The sensitivity studies revealed that the net income and economic viability of a CO2-EOR project are highly dependent on oil price, CO2 cost, and tax policy. CO2-EOR would benefit greatly from the high oil price, low CO2 cost, and low tax policy. Given the current economic situation, the economic analysis indicates that operating successful CO2-EOR projects would be difficult. However, the study also shows that CO2-EOR projects can be made economically feasible by combining 1. tax reductions/exemptions in areas such as royalties, income tax, and severance tax. 2. negotiating lower CO2 prices 3. Increase in tax credit for capturing facilities to lower CO2 prices for storage parties

Download or read book Integrated Mid Continent Carbon Capture Sequestration Enhanced Oil Recovery Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A consortium of research partners led by the Southwest Regional Partnership on Carbon Sequestration and industry partners, including CAP CO2 LLC, Blue Source LLC, Coffeyville Resources, Nitrogen Fertilizers LLC, Ash Grove Cement Company, Kansas Ethanol LLC, Headwaters Clean Carbon Services, Black & Veatch, and Schlumberger Carbon Services, conducted a feasibility study of a large-scale CCS commercialization project that included large-scale CO2 sources. The overall objective of this project, entitled the 'Integrated Mid-Continent Carbon Capture, Sequestration and Enhanced Oil Recovery Project' was to design an integrated system of US mid-continent industrial CO2 sources with CO2 capture, and geologic sequestration in deep saline formations and in oil field reservoirs with concomitant EOR. Findings of this project suggest that deep saline sequestration in the mid-continent region is not feasible without major financial incentives, such as tax credits or otherwise, that do not exist at this time. However, results of the analysis suggest that enhanced oil recovery with carbon sequestration is indeed feasible and practical for specific types of geologic settings in the Midwestern U.S.

Download or read book Reservoir Characterization Modeling and Quantitative Interpretation written by Shib Sankar Ganguli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-10-27 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reservoir Characterization, Modeling and Quantitative Interpretation: Recent Workflows to Emerging Technologies offers a wide spectrum of reservoir characterization techniques and technologies, focusing on the latest breakthroughs and most efficient methodologies in hydrocarbon exploration and development. Topics covered include 4D seismic technologies, AVAz inversion, fracture characterization, multiscale imaging technologies, static and dynamic reservoir characterization, among others. The content is delivered through an inductive approach, which will help readers gain comprehensive insights on advanced practices and be able to relate them to other subareas of reservoir characterization, including CO2 storage and data-driven modeling. This will be especially useful for field scientists in collecting and analyzing field data, prospect evaluation, developing reservoir models, and adopting new technologies to mitigate exploration risk. They will be able to solve the practical and challenging problems faced in the field of reservoir characterization, as it will offer systematic industrial workflows covering every aspect of this branch of Earth Science, including subsurface geoscientific perspectives of carbon geosequestration. This resource is a 21st Century guide for exploration geologists, geoscience students at postgraduate level and above, and petrophysicists working in the oil and gas industry. Covers the latest and most effective technologies in reservoir characterization, including Avo analysis, AVAz inversion, wave field separation and Machine Learning techniques Provides a balanced blend of both theoretical and practical approaches for solving challenges in reservoir characterization Includes detailed industry-standard practical workflows, along with code structures for algorithms and practice exercises

Download or read book Applicability of Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery to Reservoirs in the Uinta Basin Utah written by Zhiqiang Gu and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 17 p. report presents the results of compositional simulations of CO2 floods of the Monument Butte Northeast unit and the Glen Bench field. This simulation study is a preliminary investigation of the CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) potential. This study attempts to 1) eliminate the post waterflood incremental oil recovery for the two fields using CO2 injection and water-alternating-gas injection, 2) determine CO2 utilization factors and 3) determine the sequestration potential of EOR for the fields.

Download or read book Enhanced Oil Recovery and Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Zama Keg River F Pool written by Adal Al-Dliwe and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection is an effective and promising technology for enhanced oil recovery and for reducing anthropogenic gas emissions. In this process, CO2 develops miscibility with the oil under reservoir conditions and leads to additional oil recovery. Proper reservoir characterization has a significant influence on implementing a successful CO2 flood in a reservoir. Computer simulation is an important tool for reservoir characterization and predicting optimal tradeoffs between maximum oil recovery and CO2 storage. This thesis presents the results of reservoir characterization analysis and simulation in Zama Keg River F Pool located in Northern Alberta, Canada, which was selected as a candidate for CO2 injection. This reef has a thick oil column spanned over a small area and two wells drilled on the same side of the reef. Open-hole logs and core analysis data were available for only one of the two wells. Data analyses disclosed a number of challenges that could adversely affect the results of any simulation for predicting the performance of CO2 displacement in this field. These challenges included, but were not limited to, the existence of two no-flow barriers with unknown extensions, lack of other data such as relative permeability, and lack of information on lateral distribution of the reservoir properties. Material balance analysis indicated the maximum oil in place was 4.7 MMSTB with a weak water support. A fully compositional reservoir simulation model was used to improve the understanding of the reservoir characteristics, investigate the potential amount of CO2 stored, and study the effect of CO2 injection on oil recovery using different injection strategies. Effects of different operational parameters on pore scale displacement efficiency and the overall displacement efficiency were studied. These parameters include production and injection rates, injection gas composition, well completion, mode of injection, and the timing of injection. Results of this thsesi show that by using a combination of two vertical injectors and one horizontal producer, maximum incremental oil would be recovered while a large volume of CO2 would be stored, a high net utilization factor was obtained, and maximum NPV was generated as compared to other injection-production schemes.

Download or read book Subtask1 10 CO2 Storage and Enhanced Bakken Recovery Research Program written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small improvements in productivity could increase technically recoverable oil in the Bakken Petroleum System by billions of barrels. The use of CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in tight oil reservoirs is a relatively new concept. The large-scale injection of CO2 into the Bakken would also result in the geological storage of significant amounts of CO2. The Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) has conducted laboratory and modeling activities to examine the potential for CO2 storage and EOR in the Bakken. Specific activities included the characterization and subsequent modeling of North Dakota study areas as well as dynamic predictive simulations of possible CO2 injection schemes to predict the potential CO2 storage and EOR in those areas. Laboratory studies to evaluate the ability of CO2 to remove hydrocarbons from Bakken rocks and determine minimum miscibility pressures for Bakken oil samples were conducted. Data from a CO2 injection test conducted in the Elm Coulee area of Montana in 2009 were evaluated with an eye toward the possible application of knowledge gained to future injection tests in other areas. A first-order estimation of potential CO2 storage capacity in the Bakken Formation in North Dakota was also conducted. Key findings of the program are as follows. The results of the research activities suggest that CO2 may be effective in enhancing the productivity of oil from the Bakken and that the Bakken may hold the ability to geologically store between 120 Mt and 3.2 Gt of CO2. However, there are no clear-cut answers regarding the most effective approach for using CO2 to improve oil productivity or the storage capacity of the Bakken. The results underscore the notion that an unconventional resource will likely require unconventional methods of both assessment and implementation when it comes to the injection of CO2. In particular, a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms controlling the interactions between CO2, oil, and other reservoir fluids in these unique formations is necessary to develop accurate assessments of potential CO2 storage and EOR in the Bakken. In addition, existing modeling and simulation software packages do not adequately address or incorporate the unique properties of these tight, unconventional reservoirs in terms of their impact on CO2 behavior. These knowledge gaps can be filled by conducting scaled-up laboratory activities integrated with improved modeling and simulation techniques, the results of which will provide a robust foundation for pilot-scale field injection tests. Finally, field-based data on injection, fluid production, and long-term monitoring from pilot-scale CO2 injection tests in the Bakken are necessary to verify and validate the findings of the laboratory- and modeling-based research efforts. This subtask was funded through the EERC-U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Program on Research and Development for Fossil Energy-Related Resources Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC26-08NT43291. Nonfederal funding was provided by the North Dakota Industrial Commission, Marathon Oil Corporation, Continental Resources Inc., and TAQA North, Ltd.

Download or read book Foams written by Huijin Xu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-09-23 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foams are ubiquitous in human life and can be found in a variety of products and materials, such as sodas and sponges. There are liquid foams and solid foams, both of which have distinct properties useful for various applications. This book reviews, researches, and summarizes the potential uses of foam fluids and porous foams in engineering, medicine, and other industries. Chapters discuss different types of foams including multiphase foams, cellular foams, and ceramic foams as well as foam-generating mechanisms and techniques.

Download or read book Subtask CO2 Storage and Enhanced Bakken Recovery Research Program written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small improvements in productivity could increase technically recoverable oil in the Bakken Petroleum System by billions of barrels. The use of CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in tight oil reservoirs is a relatively new concept. The large-scale injection of CO2 into the Bakken would also result in the geological storage of significant amounts of CO2. The Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) has conducted laboratory and modeling activities to examine the potential for CO2 storage and EOR in the Bakken. Specific activities included the characterization and subsequent modeling of North Dakota study areas as well as dynamic predictive simulations of possible CO2 injection schemes to predict the potential CO2 storage and EOR in those areas. Laboratory studies to evaluate the ability of CO2 to remove hydrocarbons from Bakken rocks and determine minimum miscibility pressures for Bakken oil samples were conducted. Data from a CO2 injection test conducted in the Elm Coulee area of Montana in 2009 were evaluated with an eye toward the possible application of knowledge gained to future injection tests in other areas. A first-order estimation of potential CO2 storage capacity in the Bakken Formation in North Dakota was also conducted. Key findings of the program are as follows. The results of the research activities suggest that CO2 may be effective in enhancing the productivity of oil from the Bakken and that the Bakken may hold the ability to geologically store between 120 Mt and 3.2 Gt of CO2. However, there are no clear-cut answers regarding the most effective approach for using CO2 to improve oil productivity or the storage capacity of the Bakken. The results underscore the notion that an unconventional resource will likely require unconventional methods of both assessment and implementation when it comes to the injection of CO2. In particular, a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms controlling the interactions between CO2, oil, and other reservoir fluids in these unique formations is necessary to develop accurate assessments of potential CO2 storage and EOR in the Bakken. In addition, existing modeling and simulation software packages do not adequately address or incorporate the unique properties of these tight, unconventional reservoirs in terms of their impact on CO2 behavior. These knowledge gaps can be filled by conducting scaled-up laboratory activities integrated with improved modeling and simulation techniques, the results of which will provide a robust foundation for pilot-scale field injection tests. Finally, field-based data on injection, fluid production, and long-term monitoring from pilot-scale CO2 injection tests in the Bakken are necessary to verify and validate the findings of the laboratory- and modeling-based research efforts. This subtask was funded through the EERC-U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Program on Research and Development for Fossil Energy-Related Resources Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC26-08NT43291. Nonfederal funding was provided by the North Dakota Industrial Commission, Marathon Oil Corporation, Continental Resources Inc., and TAQA North, Ltd.