Download or read book Integrated Hydraulic Fracture Placement and Design Optimization in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs written by Xiaodan Ma and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unconventional reservoir such as tight and shale gas reservoirs has the potential of becoming the main source of cleaner energy in the 21th century. Production from these reservoirs is mainly accomplished through engineered hydraulic fracturing to generate fracture networks that provide the gas flow pathways from the rock matrix to the production wells. While hydraulic fracturing technology has progressed considerably in the last thirty years, designing the fracturing system primarily involves judgments from a team of engineers, geoscientists and geophysicists, without taking advantage of computational tools, such as numerical optimization techniques to improve short-term and long-term reservoir production. This thesis focuses on developing novel optimization algorithms that can be used to improve the design and implementation of hydraulic fracturing in a shale gas reservoir to increase production and the net present value of unconventional assets. In particular, we consider simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) and Covariance Matrix Adaptation - Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) algorithms, which are proven very efficient in finding nearly optimal solutions. We show that with a judicious choice of control variables (continuous or discrete) we can obtain efficient algorithms for performing hydraulic fracture optimization in unconventional reservoirs. To achieve this, the hydraulic fracture production optimization problem is divided into two aspects: fracture stages placement optimization with fix stage numbers and unknown stage numbers. After check the parameters of fracture model that could be used to simulate future reservoir behavior with a higher degree of confidence, the fracture stages optimization is scheduling the fracturing sequence, and adjusting the fracture stages intensity at different locations, which is similar to well placement problem. In addition to the detailed investigation of the new optimization technique, uncertainty quantification of reservoir properties and its implications on the optimization workflow is also considered in the shale gas reservoir model. Taking into account that shale gas reservoirs are highly heterogeneous systems, stochastic optimization methods are the most suitable framework for hydraulic fracture stages placement. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151913
Download or read book Optimization of Hydraulic Fracture Stages and Sequencing in Unconventional Formations written by Ahmed Alzahabi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-07-03 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shale gas and/or oil play identification is subject to many screening processes for characteristics such as porosity, permeability, and brittleness. Evaluating shale gas and/or oil reservoirs and identifying potential sweet spots (portions of the reservoir rock that have high-quality kerogen content and brittle rock) requires taking into consideration multiple rock, reservoir, and geological parameters that govern production. The early determination of sweet spots for well site selection and fracturing in shale reservoirs is a challenge for many operators. With this limitation in mind, Optimization of Hydraulic Fracture Stages and Sequencing in Unconventional Formations develops an approach to improve the industry’s ability to evaluate shale gas and oil plays and is structured to lead the reader from general shale oil and gas characteristics to detailed sweet-spot classifications. The approach uses a new candidate selection and evaluation algorithm and screening criteria based on key geomechanical, petrophysical, and geochemical parameters and indices to obtain results consistent with existing shale plays and gain insights on the best development strategies going forward. The work introduces new criteria that accurately guide the development process in unconventional reservoirs in addition to reducing uncertainty and cost.
Download or read book Hydraulic Fracturing in Unconventional Reservoirs written by Hoss Belyadi and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic Fracturing in Unconventional Reservoirs: Theories, Operations, and Economic Analysis, Second Edition, presents the latest operations and applications in all facets of fracturing. Enhanced to include today's newest technologies, such as machine learning and the monitoring of field performance using pressure and rate transient analysis, this reference gives engineers the full spectrum of information needed to run unconventional field developments. Covering key aspects, including fracture clean-up, expanded material on refracturing, and a discussion on economic analysis in unconventional reservoirs, this book keeps today's petroleum engineers updated on the critical aspects of unconventional activity. - Helps readers understand drilling and production technology and operations in shale gas through real-field examples - Covers various topics on fractured wells and the exploitation of unconventional hydrocarbons in one complete reference - Presents the latest operations and applications in all facets of fracturing
Download or read book Automated Optimization Strategies for Horizontal Wellbore and Hydraulic Fracture Stages Placement in Unconventional Gas Reseroirs written by Tatyana Plaksina and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decades rapid advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies ensure production of commercial quantities of natural gas from many unconventional reservoirs. Reservoir management and development strategies for shale and tight gas plays have evolved from ad hoc approaches to more rigorous strategies that involve numerical optimization in presence of multiple economic and production objectives and constraints. Application of an automated integrated optimization framework for placement of horizontal wellbores and transverse hydraulic fracture stages along them has potential of increasing shale gas reserves and projects' revenue even further. This dissertation introduces a novel integrated evolutionary-based optimization framework for placement of horizontal wellbores and hydraulic fracture stages that allows enhancing production from shale gas formations and provides a solid foundation for future field-scale application once better understanding of shale petrophysics and geomechanics is developed. The proposed optimization workflow is developed and tested in stages. First, we summarize what has been done in the subject field previously by scholars and identify what is missing. Second, we present assumptions for the shale gas simulation model that make our framework and the simulation model applicable. Third, we pre-screen several economic and petrophysical parameters in order to identify the most significant for the subsequent sensitivities analysis. Forth, we develop evolutionary-based optimization strategy for placement of hydraulic fracture stages along a single horizontal wellbore. We investigate how sensitive the optimization results to changes in the key parameters pre-selected during pre-screening. Fifth, we enhance the framework to handle multiple horizontal producers, discuss the conditions when such approach is applicable, and extensively test this integrated workflow on a suite of simulation runs. Finally, we implement and apply multi-objective optimization approach (the improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm) to the problem of optimal HF stage placement in shale gas reservoirs and analyze the efficiency of our evolutionary-based optimization scheme in presence of multiple conflicting or non-conflicting objectives. Based on our extensive testing and rigorous formulation of the optimization problem, we find that the chosen evolutionary framework is effective in calculating the optimal number of horizontal wells, the number of HF stages, their specific locations along the wells as well as their half-length. We also conclude that further computational efficiency can be achieved if minimum stage spacing and same chromosome elimination procedure are used. The multi-objective approach has been tested on conflicting and non-conflicting objectives and proved to compute the Pareto optimal front of solutions (or production scenarios) in computationally efficient manner. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155086
Download or read book Optimization of Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing Treatment for Maximization of the Tight Gas Productivity written by Mengting Li and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic fracturing is essential technology for the development of unconventional resources such as tight gas. So far, there are no numerical tools which can optimize the whole process from geological modeling, hydraulic fracturing until production simulation with the same 3D model with consideration of the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling. In this dissertation, a workflow and a numerical tool chain were developed for design and optimization of multistage hydraulic fracturing in horizontal well regarding a maximum productivity of the tight gas wellbore. After the verification a full 3D reservoir model is generated based on a real tight gas field in the North German Basin. Through analysis of simulation results, a new calculation formula of FCD was proposed, which takes the proppant position and concentration into account and can predict the gas production rate more accurately. However, not only FCD but also proppant distribution and hydraulic connection of stimulated fractures to the well, geological structure and the interaction between fractures are determinant for the gas production volume. Through analysis the numerical results of sensitivity analysis and optimization variations, there is no unique criterion to determine the optimal number and spacing of the fractures, it should be analyzed firstly in detail to the actual situation and decided then from case to case.
Download or read book Design and Appraisal of Hydraulic Fractures written by Jack R. Jones and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a basic yet comprehensive introduction to the completion and reservoir engineering aspects of hydraulic fracture stimulation.
Download or read book Exploitation of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources written by Kenneth Imo-Imo Israel Eshiet and published by . This book was released on 2019-07-10 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stimulation of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs is proven to improve their productivity to an extent that has rendered them economically viable. Generally, the stimulation design is a complex process dependent on intertwining factors such as the history of the formation, rock and reservoir fluid type, lithology and structural layout of the formation, cost, time, etc. A holistic grasp of these can be daunting, especially for people without sufficient experience and/or expertise in the exploitation of unconventional hydrocarbon reserves. This book presents the key facets integral to producing unconventional resources, and how the different components, if pieced together, can be used to create an integrated stimulation design. Areas covered are as follows: • stimulation methods, • fracturing fluids, • mixing and behavior of reservoir fluids, • assessment of reservoir performance, • integration of surface drilling data, • estimation of geomechanical properties and hydrocarbon saturation, and • health and safety. Exploitation of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources: Hydraulic Fracturing and Other Recovery and Assessment Techniques is an excellent introduction to the subject area of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, but it also complements existing information in the same discipline. It is an essential text for higher education students and professionals in academia, research, and the industry.
Download or read book Optimazation of hydraulic fracturing in tight gas reservoirs with alternative fluid written by Faisal Mehmood and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2021-07-26 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the finite nature of petroleum resources and depletion of conventional reservoirs, the exploitation of unconventional resources has been a key to meeting world energy needs. Natural gas, a cleaner fossil fuel compared to oil and coal, has an increasing role in the energy mix. It is expected that the peak global natural gas production will remain between 3.7-6.1 trillion m3 per year between 2019 and 2060. Therefore, addressing the technical challenges posed by reservoir exploitation technologies in an environmentally responsible manner is critical for efficient energy production and energy secure of the world.
Download or read book Unconventional Reservoir Geomechanics written by Mark D. Zoback and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of the key geologic, geomechanical and engineering principles that govern the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. Covering hydrocarbon-bearing formations, horizontal drilling, reservoir seismology and environmental impacts, this is an invaluable resource for geologists, geophysicists and reservoir engineers.
Download or read book An Integrated Assisted History Matching and Embedded Discrete Fracture Model Workflow for Well Spacing Optimization in Shale Gas Reservoirs written by Qiwei Li (M.S. in Engineering) and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An appropriate well spacing plan is critical for the development of shale reservoirs. The biggest challenge for well spacing optimization is interpreting the subsurface uncertainties associated with hydraulic and natural fractures. However, most studies have calibrated the uncertainties by single history matching, which does not take the non-uniqueness of history matching into account. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop an integrated assisted history matching (AHM) and embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) workflow for well spacing optimization by considering multiple uncertainty realizations and economic analysis. We applied this workflow for an actual shale gas reservoir without natural fractures and another shale gas reservoir with complex natural fractures. Firstly, we captured the distribution of uncertainty parameters of matrix and fractures using AHM based on the production data. Uncertain parameters of matrix include matrix permeability, matrix porosity, and three relative permeability parameters, while hydraulic fractures uncertainties consist of fracture height, half-length, width, conductivity, and water saturation. And the uncertain parameters of natural fractures are the number of natural fractures, conductivity, and length. The input cases can be prepared by combining AHM solutions with different well placement scenarios. Then we performed reservoir simulation to all cases and forecasted the gas and water production in the long-term. Gas estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) per well can be analyzed to predict the influence of well interference and the critical well spacing. Finally, we estimated the net present value (NPV) for all cases and predicted it by k-nearest neighbors (KNN) proxy model to better understand the relationship between well spacing and NPV. The optimum well spacing can be obtained from the maximum NPV. Our integrated workflow is straightforward and practical, with great accuracy, and efficiency. We can predict the optimum well spacing for most shale gas reservoirs by capturing the multiple realizations of uncertainties
Download or read book Geomechanics and Hydraulic Fracturing for Shale Reservoirs written by Yu Wang and published by Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. USA. This book was released on 2020-07-01 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended as a reference book for advanced graduate students and research engineers in shale gas development or rock mechanical engineering. Globally, there is widespread interest in exploiting shale gas resources to meet rising energy demands, maintain energy security and stability in supply and reduce dependence on higher carbon sources of energy, namely coal and oil. However, extracting shale gas is a resource intensive process and is dependent on the geological and geomechanical characteristics of the source rocks, making the development of certain formations uneconomic using current technologies. Therefore, evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of shale, together with technological advancements, is critical in verifying the economic viability of such formation. Accurate geomechanical information about the rock and its variation through the shale is important since stresses along the wellbore can control fracture initiation and frac development. In addition, hydraulic fracturing has been widely employed to enhance the production of oil and gas from underground reservoirs. Hydraulic fracturing is a complex operation in which the fluid is pumped at a high pressure into a selected section of the wellbore. The interaction between the hydraulic fractures and natural fractures is the key to fracturing effectiveness prediction and high gas development. The development and growth of a hydraulic fracture through the natural fracture systems of shale is probably more complex than can be described here, but may be somewhat predictable if the fracture system and the development of stresses can be explained. As a result, comprehensive shale geomechanical experiments, physical modeling experiment and numerical investigations should be conducted to reveal the fracturing mechanical behaviors of shale.
Download or read book Hydraulic Fracture Modeling written by Yu-Shu Wu and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic Fracture Modeling delivers all the pertinent technology and solutions in one product to become the go-to source for petroleum and reservoir engineers. Providing tools and approaches, this multi-contributed reference presents current and upcoming developments for modeling rock fracturing including their limitations and problem-solving applications. Fractures are common in oil and gas reservoir formations, and with the ongoing increase in development of unconventional reservoirs, more petroleum engineers today need to know the latest technology surrounding hydraulic fracturing technology such as fracture rock modeling. There is tremendous research in the area but not all located in one place. Covering two types of modeling technologies, various effective fracturing approaches and model applications for fracturing, the book equips today's petroleum engineer with an all-inclusive product to characterize and optimize today's more complex reservoirs. - Offers understanding of the details surrounding fracturing and fracture modeling technology, including theories and quantitative methods - Provides academic and practical perspective from multiple contributors at the forefront of hydraulic fracturing and rock mechanics - Provides today's petroleum engineer with model validation tools backed by real-world case studies
Download or read book Exploitation of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources Hydraulic Fracturing and Other Recovery and Assessment Techniques written by Kenneth Imo-Imo Eshiet and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stimulation of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs is proven to improve their productivity to an extent that has rendered them economically viable. Generally, the stimulation design is a complex process dependent on intertwining factors such as the history of the formation, rock and reservoir fluid type, lithology and structural layout of the formation, cost, time, etc. A holistic grasp of these can be daunting, especially for people without sufficient experience and/or expertise in the exploitation of unconventional hydrocarbon reserves. This book presents the key facets integral to producing unconventional resources, and how the different components, if pieced together, can be used to create an integrated stimulation design. Areas covered are as follows: • stimulation methods, • fracturing fluids, • mixing and behavior of reservoir fluids, • assessment of reservoir performance, • integration of surface drilling data, • estimation of geomechanical properties and hydrocarbon saturation, and • health and safety. Exploitation of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources: Hydraulic Fracturing and Other Recovery and Assessment Techniques is an excellent introduction to the subject area of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, but it also complements existing information in the same discipline. It is an essential text for higher education students and professionals in academia, research, and the industry.
Download or read book Optimization of Hydraulic Fracture Stages and Sequencing in Unconventional Formations written by Ahmed Alzahabi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-07-03 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shale gas and/or oil play identification is subject to many screening processes for characteristics such as porosity, permeability, and brittleness. Evaluating shale gas and/or oil reservoirs and identifying potential sweet spots (portions of the reservoir rock that have high-quality kerogen content and brittle rock) requires taking into consideration multiple rock, reservoir, and geological parameters that govern production. The early determination of sweet spots for well site selection and fracturing in shale reservoirs is a challenge for many operators. With this limitation in mind, Optimization of Hydraulic Fracture Stages and Sequencing in Unconventional Formations develops an approach to improve the industry’s ability to evaluate shale gas and oil plays and is structured to lead the reader from general shale oil and gas characteristics to detailed sweet-spot classifications. The approach uses a new candidate selection and evaluation algorithm and screening criteria based on key geomechanical, petrophysical, and geochemical parameters and indices to obtain results consistent with existing shale plays and gain insights on the best development strategies going forward. The work introduces new criteria that accurately guide the development process in unconventional reservoirs in addition to reducing uncertainty and cost.
Download or read book Hydraulic fracture geometry characterization based on distributed fiber optic strain measurements written by Kan Wu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-06-05 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiber optic-based measurements are innovative tools for the oil and gas industry to utilize in monitoring wells in a variety of applications including geothermal activity. Monitoring unconventional reservoirs is still challenging due to complex subsurface conditions and current research focuses on qualitative interpretation of field data. Hydraulic Fracture Geometry Characterization from Fiber Optic-Based Strain Measurements delivers a critical reference for reservoir and completion engineers to better quantify the propagation process and evolution of fracture geometry with a forward model and novel inversion model. The reference reviews different fiber optic-based temperature, acoustic, and strain measurements for monitoring fracture behaviors and includes advantages and limitations of each measurement, giving engineers a better understanding of measurements applied in all types of subsurface formations. Stress/strain rate responses on rock deformation are given a holistic approach, including guidelines and an automatic algorithm for identification of fracture hits. Last, a novel inversion model is introduced to show how fracture geometry can be used for optimization on well placement decisions. Supported by case studies, Hydraulic Fracture Geometry Characterization from Fiber Optic-Based Strain Measurements gives today's engineers better understanding of all complex subsurface measurements through fiber optic technology. - Examine the basics of distributed fiber optic strain measurements - Conduct a detailed analysis of strain responses observed in both horizontal and vertical monitoring wells - Present a systematic approach for interpreting strain data measured in the field - Highlight the significant insights and values that can be derived from the field measured strain dataset - Support monitoring and modeling for subsurface energy extraction and safe storage
Download or read book Advances in reservoir modeling and simulation written by Jinze Xu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-03-24 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources written by Usman Ahmed and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-05 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the shale revolution continues in North America, unconventional resource markets are emerging on every continent. In the next eight to ten years, more than 100,000 wells and one- to two-million hydraulic fracturing stages could be executed, resulting in close to one trillion dollars in industry spending. This growth has prompted professionals ex
