Download or read book Institutional and Entrepreneurial Leadership in the Brazilian Science and Technology Sector written by Lauritz Holm-Nielsen and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Discussion Paper No. 325.Reviews the main components of policy reform strategies, drawn from a case study of Brazil, that are designed to increase the efficiency of investments in science and technology. The paper is a summary of the viewpoints expressed by Brazilian science policymakers and their international colleagues at a workshop on science and technology reform in Brazil, held in Washington, D.C., May 1996.
Download or read book A Poverty Profile of Cambodia written by Nicholas M. Prescott and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China is in the throes of two transitions: from a command economy to a market-based one and from a rural, agricultural society to an urban, industrial one. So far, both transitions have been spectacularly successful. China is the fastest-growing economy in the world, with per capita incomes more than quadrupling since 1978, achieving in two generations what took other countries centuries. Although swift growth and structural change have resolved many problems, they also have created new challenges: employment insecurity, growing inequality, stubborn poverty, mounting environmental pressures, rising costs of food self-sufficiency, and periods of macroeconomic instability stemming from incomplete reforms. Unmet, these challenges could undermine the sustainability of growth, and China's promise could fade. China 2020, a seven-volume set, examines China's recent history, where it is today, and the path it should follow during the first two decades of the 21st century. The volume in the set entitled, Financing Health Care: Issues and Options for China assesses the state of health care in China and addresses the problems facing the sector in terms of financial access to health care, efficiency, and total cost. Although the health sector is in relatively good condition today, this study asserts the need to promptly make policy changes to ensure universal health care coverage by either the public or the private sector over the next two decades. Chapters focus on the effects of reduced public health spending on rural populations, the likely increase in health costs as the population ages, the harmful effects of tobacco use, and fee-for-service provider systems.
Download or read book Mobilizing Domestic Capital Markets for Infrastructure Financing written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 369. Hydropower and irrigation projects involving reservoirs can displace thousands of people from their traditional lands and deprive them of their livelihoods. If poorly planned, they can also lead to environmental degradation. Solutions to these problems must be found--solutions that are technically feasible, sustainable, environmentally appropriate, and acceptable to the people who are resettled. This paper explains how the planned, integrated development of fishery ecosystems in reservoirs not only can mitigate the negative social consequences of dam construction, but also can enhance the economic benefits from hydropower and irrigation projects in many developing countries. The paper draws on the success of fish farming efforts in the Saguling and Cirata reservoirs in Java, which attests to the potential for creating employment in reservoirs that are in place and under construction around the world.
Download or read book Land Reform and Farm Restructuring in Moldova written by Zvi Lerman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural reforms, including privatization of land and farm restructuring, are an important cornerstone for overall transformation of the economies of the former socialist world. This paper summarizes the current status of land reform in Moldova and shows how there has been clear progress in creating a market-based agriculture and food sector in Moldova. The results of this study indicate that genuine restructuring and transition to full-fledged private farming have resulted in improved profitability and higher incomes for private farmers than those achieved by traditional collectives.
Download or read book School Enrollment Decline in Sub Saharan Africa written by Joseph W. B. Bredie and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overarching objective of the World Bank's assistance to Sub-Saharan African countries is poverty reduction through sustained economic growth at a high level and improved social services. Past experience shows that a minimum level of educational attainment has been a prerequisite for the success of such a strategy. The current level of education development has been low, and the development of primary education has stagnated and even declined in some countries since the early 1980s. This paper examines the likely causes for deteriorating enrollment rates in Africa. It looks at the constraints in the demand for schooling and gives possible reasons for stagnation.
Download or read book Design of Social Funds written by Deepa Narayan-Parker and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation World Bank Discussion Paper No. 375.Social funds have proved to be important instruments for reaching the poor using community-based strategies. Yet, while there have been innovations in the design of these funds, the projects are much less participatory and demand-oriented than is commonly believed. This paper examines the extent to which social fund subprojects are designed to support community participation, demand orientation, and investment in local organizational capacity to achieve sustainability at the community level.
Download or read book Surveillance of Agricultural Price and Trade Policy in Latin America During Major Policy Reforms written by Alberto Valdés and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Discussion Paper No. 350. This paper uses an econometric analysis model to examine the distribution across different socioeconomic groups of Malawi's public spending on education. The analysis shows the changes in distribution before and after the country adopted a series of education reforms in 1994.
Download or read book Who Benefits from Public Education Spending in Malawi written by Florencia Castro-Leal and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 333. Draws on the methodology of World Development Report 1993: Investing in Health to analyze the burden of disease and the cost-effectiveness of health care interventions. The analysis presents a framework for the activities of the government of Guinea in prioritizing health care services.
Download or read book Case by case Privatization in the Russian Federation written by Harry G. Broadman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the advent of reform in 1992, the Russian authorities have made substantial strides toward creating a market economy through privatization. Recently, Russian authorities have established an institutional framework for a 'case-by-case' approach that ensures transparency and competition through the use of independent financial and other advisers. This paper contains the principal presentations made at a World Bank workshop on the lessons of international experience in case-by-case privatization.
Download or read book On the Road to EU Accession written by Michael S. Borish and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzes the causes of the inflation, debt, and growth crises that have occurred over the past 25 years, the paths to recovery, and the role of foreign aid in resolving the problems.
Download or read book Innovations and Risk Taking written by Tim Campbell and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation World Bank Discussion Paper No. 357.Decentralization and democratization in the Latin America and the Caribbean region have produced a wave of innovations on the local government level--upgrading professional staffs, raising taxes and user fees, delivering better services, and mobilizing participation in public choice-making. This paper documents five cases of best practices at the local level, focusing on innovations in Mendoza, Argentina; Curitiba, Brazil; Cali, Colombia; Manizales, Colombia; and Tijuana, Mexico. A the central message of the paper is that by supporting creation and adoption of best practice, donors can enjoy a cost-effective impact in achieving the next stages of reform in the region, but that work must be done at the local level.
Download or read book Telecommunications Policies for Sub Saharan Africa written by Mohammad A. Mustafa and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 345. This report examines specific policies for achieving sustainable development of the mining industry in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. The report highlights the importance of the mining sector to national economies of the region and discusses World Bank assistance in formulating policy. Also available in Spanish: (ISBN 0-8213-3942-7) Stock no. 13942.
Download or read book User Organizations for Sustainable Water Services written by Ashok Subramanian and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Russia is a recognized leader in forest conservation, research and development. This book analyzes the country's forest sector and the severe management problems that threaten its socioeconomic stability and environmental integrity. It outlines the significance of Russia's forest resources, review the sector's performance, identifies the key challenges, proposes and agenda for forest sector reform, and assesses the need for assistance from the international community. The book's main focus is on Siberia and the Far East. Tables, boxes and figures show various factors that contribute to and are affected by Russia's environmental problems and the expected reforms in the forest sector. Also available in Russian: Stock No. 14005 (ISBN 0-8213-4005-0).
Download or read book China written by Robert Prescott Taylor and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Action is urgently needed to develop China's market infrastructure, improve information access and commercial renewable energy capabilities, and implement policies necessary to enable expansion of commercial markets. This report summarizes recommended priority areas for international support to strengthen China's renewable energy development effort.
Download or read book Evolution of Agricultural Services in Sub Saharan Africa written by Venkatachalam Venkatesan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper traces the evolution of World Bank support to agricultural services, particularly agricultural extension and research in Sub-Saharan Africa. It describes the Bank's experience with the implementation of national programs in agricultural extension and research and how these are evolving to face the problems of the future. The paper concludes that participation of the beneficiaries in the design and implementation of programs is critical and will ensure the programs' convergence towards rural development.
Download or read book Health Reform in Africa written by Bruce Siegel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the World Bank's 24 years of lending experience in urban development and makes recommendations for improving urban services, public health, and public financing.
Download or read book Evaluating Health Projects written by Susan Stout and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the wave of decentralization that has swept through Latin America and the projected institutional changes within the governments in the region. Although it notes the ways in which decentralization implies a critique of past governing patterns, the emphasis is on such potential consequences of governmental change as the strengthening of democratic participation in government and the improvement of local public service. The book draws upon institutional experiments carried out at the state level to examine which decentralization strategies work best in Latin America. It is organized around three major requirements for the success of decentralization: * Establishing the national fiscal framework * Moving government closer to the people * Improving municipal service delivery. Tables illustrate the shift of revenues and expenditures from central authorities to intermediate levels of government.
