Download or read book Insights in evolutionary and population genetics 2022 written by Samuel A. Cushman and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-07-27 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Insights in Computational Genomics 2022 written by Richard D. Emes and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-08-15 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Research Topic is part of the Insights in Frontiers in Genetics series. Other titles in the series are: Genetics, Insights in Evolutionary and Population Genetics: 2022 Genetics, Insights in Livestock Genomics: 2022 Genetics, Insights in Epigenomics and Epigenetics: 2022 Genetics, Insights in Behavioral and Psychiatric Genetics: 2022 Genetics, Insights in Neurogenomics: 2022 Genetics, Insights in Genomic Assay Technology: 2022 Genetics, Insights in Genetics of Common and Rare Diseases: 2022 We are now entering the third decade of the 21st Century, and, especially in the last years, the achievements made by scientists have been exceptional, leading to major advancements in the fast-growing field of Genetics. Frontiers have organized a series of Research Topics to highlight the latest advancements in research across the field of Computational Genomics, with articles from the members of our accomplished Editorial Boards. This editorial initiative of particular relevance, led by Prof Richard Emes, Specialty Chief Editor of the Computational Genomics section, together with Dr. Pirooznia and Dr Zou, focused on new insights, novel developments, current challenges, latest discoveries, recent advances, and future perspectives in the field of Computational Genomics. The Research Topic solicits brief, forward-looking contributions from the editorial board members that describe the state of the art, outlining recent developments and major accomplishments that have been achieved and that need to occur to move the field forward. Authors are encouraged to identify the greatest challenges in the sub-disciplines, and how to address those challenges.
Download or read book Population Genetics written by John H. Gillespie and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In a species with a million individuals," writes John H. Gillespie, "it takes roughly a million generations for genetic drift to change allele frequencies appreciably. There is no conceivable way of verifying that genetic drift changes allele frequencies in most natural populations. Our understanding that it does is entirely theoretical. Most population geneticists are not only comfortable with this state of affairs, but revel in the fact that they can demonstrate on the back of an envelope, rather than in the laboratory, how an important evolutionary force operates." Longer than the back of an envelope but more concise than many books on the subject, this brief introduction to the field of population genetics offers students and researchers an overview of a discipline that is of growing importance. Chapter topics include genetic drift; natural selection; non-random mating, quantitative genetics; and the evolutionary advantage of sex. While each chapter treats a specific topic or problem in genetics, the common thread throughout the book is what Gillespie calls "the main obsession of our field," the recurring question, "Why is there so much genetic variation in natural populations?" "Population genetics remains the central intellectual connection between genetics and evolution. As genetics becomes integral to all aspects of biology, the unifying nature of evolutionary studies rests more and more on population genetics. This book lays out much of the foundation of population genetics augmented with interesting particulars and conceptual insight. Population genetics involves ideas that are quantitative and often difficult for biology undergraduates, but Professor Gillespie offershis characteristically clear thinking and articulate explanations." -- Charles Langley, University of California-Davis
Download or read book Population Genetics and Evolution written by Gerdina de Jong and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At least since the 1940s neo-Darwinism has prevailed as the consensus view in the study of evolution. The mechanism of evolution in this view is natural selection leading to adaptation, working on a substrate of adapta tionally random mutations. As both the study of genetic variation in natural populations, and the study of the mathematical equations of selec tion are reckoned to a field called population genetics, population genetics came to form the core in the theory of evolution. So much so, that the fact that there is more to the theory of evolution than population genetics became somewhat obscured. The genetics of the evolutionary process, or the genetics of evolutionary change, came close to being all of evolutionary biology. In the last 10 years, this dominating position of population genetics within evolutionary biology has been challenged. In evolutionary ecology, optimization theory proved more useful than population genetics for interesting predictions, especially of life history strategies. From develop mental biology, constraints in development and the role of internal regula tion were emphasized. From paleobiology, a proposal was put forward to describe the fossil record and the evolutionary process as a series of punc tuated equilibria; thus exhorting population geneticists to give a plausible account of how such might come about. All these developments tend to obscure the central role of population genetics in evolutionary biology.
Download or read book Population Genetics Research Progress written by Viktor T. Koven and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population genetics is the study of the allele frequency distribution and change under the influence of the four evolutionary forces: natural selection, genetic drift, mutation and gene flow. It also takes account of population subdivision and population structure in space. This book presents the latest research in the field from around the globe.
Download or read book Adaptive and Neutral Evolutionary Insights from Statistical Analyses of Population Genetic Data written by Julie Marie Granka and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organismic evolution involves both selective and neutral forces, although their relative contributions are often unknown. This thesis proposes novel statistical methods for analyzing genetic data from a variety of organisms, including yeast, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and humans. The chapters of this thesis provide complimentary perspectives on the relative roles of selection and neutrality, from the molecular to the population level, and present various statistical tools for genetic data analysis. Chapter 2 proposes a maximum-likelihood based method with which to classify and identify interactions, or epistasis, between pairs of genes. Chapter 3 details a study of genetic data from Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from human Aboriginal Canadian communities; our analyses suggest that the bacterium spread to these communities via the Canadian fur trade in the 18th and 19th centuries. Chapter 4 discusses the detection of signatures of natural selection in the genomes of 12 diverse African human populations, and proposes novel considerations for identifying biological functions under selection and for comparing signals of selection between populations. Finally, Chapter 5 details the inference of the genetic basis and evolutionary history of light skin pigmentation and short stature in the genetically diverse ≠Khomani Bushmen of the Kalahari Desert of South Africa, believed to be one of the world's most ancient human populations. These chapters emphasize that a more complete understanding of the evolutionary history of humans and other organisms requires not only the consideration of neutral and selective processes, but also both phenotypic and genetic information. The statistical methods and approaches presented in the following chapters have the potential to improve inferences of natural selection and demography from genetic data, as well as provide insight into the relative roles of both.
Download or read book Principles of Population Genetics written by Daniel L. Hartl and published by Sinauer Associates, Incorporated. This book was released on 1989 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Darwinian evolution in mendelian populations. Random genetic drift. Mutation and the neutral theory. Natural selection. Inbreeding and other forms of nonrandom mating. Population subdivision and migration. Molecular population genetics. Evolutionary genetics of quantitative characters. Ecological genetics and speciation.
Download or read book Insights Into Evolution and Adaptation Using Computational Methods and Next Generation Sequencing written by Alexander G. Shanku and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, much of the research in evolutionary biology and population genetics has involved analysis at the level of either a single locus or a few number thereof. However, Next Generation sequencing technology has opened the floodgates with respect to both the sheer volume and quality of sequence data that researchers have long needed to address and answer long-standing questions in their fields. Scientists are now, by and large, no longer hampered in their efforts by technological hurdles to obtain data, but are in fact facing the problem of how best to use the vast amount of data that are accumulating at an ever-increasing rate. This is a good problem to have. The following research described in this dissertation is an attempt to derive answers to questions in the fields of population genetics and evolutionary biology that, until recently, have been either intractable or, at best, extremely difficult to address. In the first chapter I provide an introduction and a brief historical look at the research efforts that have proceeded my own. In the second chapter I describe how modern sequencing methods and computational analysis can be used to study, analyze, and answer evolutionary questions about the non-model organism, Enallagma hageni, in order to 1) determine this organism's phylogenetic position within Arthropoda, 2) provide answers and insight into the evolutionary history of the protein-encoding genes in the Enallagma transcriptome, and 3) give functional annotation to these expressed proteins. In the third chapter I examine how natural selection acts on the genome and derive a method that can accurately determine the evolutionary cause of nucleotide fixations, having occurred either through positive selection or neutral processes. I then apply the methodology to North American populations of Drosophila melanogaster, providing further evidence as to how adaptive evolution proceeds in a newly established population. This is an important question, for though there have been multiple approaches devised to determine the targets and modes of evolution in the genome, to date there has not emerged a definitive method which can determine both the location and type of a selective process, and as a result, the picture of how and where adaptive evolution proceeds in the genome has remained opaque. In the forth chapter I examine how levels of natural selection within the genome have the potential to inhibit the ability to accurately learn population demographic history. Using a number of modern algorithms and extensive simulations, I first examine whether or not demographic histories that are learned under simple biological assumptions will yield accurate results when the actual data itself does not adhere to these assumptions. Further, I go on to examine more complicated models of demographic history, looking specifically at how positive selection biases inference, which directions these biases occur, and at what levels of selection do inference methods fail to be robust. Finally, I describe potential evolutionary scenarios where these inference methods may be more prone to fail, as well as methods which might mitigate positive selection's effects, thus allowing for more accurate histories to be inferred. The work contained in this dissertation, at the broadest scale, is an effort to marry state-of-the-art techniques in statistics, computer science, and machine learning algorithms to the technological advances of next generation sequencing; the potent combination of these technologies has provided a means with which to derive answers to multiple, long-standing questions in population genetics and evolutionary biology.
Download or read book Population Genomic Insights Into Recent Human Evolutionary History written by Leslie S. Emery and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of large-scale population genomic datasets has enabled detailed inferences regarding human evolutionary history. Demographic changes and positive selection have left their marks on the genome and we can now begin to decipher them. In this dissertation, I present the work I have completed on the topic of human population genomic inference. In chapter 1, I begin by reviewing the importance of human genetic variation and the factors that influence it, focusing on the effects of demographic changes and positive selection. Chapter 2 describes an analysis of genetic ancestry in a worldwide sample of human populations. I show that mitochondrial lineage tests overlook large amounts of variation in genetic ancestry. In chapter 3, I focus on inferences regarding the effective sex ratio in the recent evolutionary past. I present a reanalysis of SNP and resequencing data that resolves a set of conflicting results from previous studies. Using coalescent simulations, I present a model of a recent male bias in effective population size, coupled with an earlier female bias, which is consistent with existing genetic variation on the X chromosome and the autosomes. In chapter 4, I present a comprehensive study of the performance of a battery of neutrality test statistics under a wide range of realistic models of positive selection in recent human evolution. I demonstrate that existing tests perform better than expected for detecting the signatures of a soft sweep from standing variation. Then, I develop a genome-wide approach, the Cumulative Selection Score (CSS), for combining the signals from multiple neutrality test statistics to detect the signatures of positive selection with greater accuracy. By implementing this approach in genomic variation data for chromosome 2, I show that the CSS can be applied to whole-genome datasets. I conclude in chapter 5 by discussing the potential of population genomic inferences and the future of the field.
Download or read book The Evolutionary Ecology of Invasive Species written by Johannes Le Roux and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-10-24 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Evolutionary Ecology of Invasive Species offers new insights into the mechanisms that underlie rapid evolution in these species. The book provides a comprehensive overview of achievements in the field during the boom of information over the past two decades and includes discussions of possible future directions for the study of evolution in invasive species. Written by an international expert in invasion ecology, population genetics, and evolutionary biology, the book explores the roles of preadaptation, phenotypic plasticity, selection, and stochastic processes in driving rapid evolution. The book draws insights from a wide spectrum of invasive microbes, plants, and animals, covering many of the planet's biogeographic regions and discusses the evolutionary consequences for native species in response to biological invasions. A valuable resource to researchers and students in evolutionary biology, invasive species biology, and global change biology, this text suggests future research directions related to the evolutionary biology, impacts, and management of invasive species. - Highlights the most recent advances and developments in using evolutionary principles to study and manage invasive species - Offers new and often overlooked insights in processes that govern rapid evolution - Discusses key stages of population demography that underlie rapid evolutionary change in invasive species, including their introduction, naturalisation, and dispersal
Download or read book Honeybees of Asia written by H. Randall Hepburn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-04 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multi-authored work on the basic biology of Asian honeybees, written by expert specialists in the field, this book highlights phylogeny, classification, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, biogeography, genetics, physiology, pheromones, nesting, self-assembly processes, swarming, migration and absconding, reproduction, ecology, foraging and flight, dance languages, pollination, diseases/pests, colony defensiveness and natural enemies, honeybee mites, and interspecific interactions. Comprehensively covering the widely dispersed literature published in European as well as Asian-language journals and books, "Honeybees of Asia" provides an essential foundation for future research.
Download or read book The Amaranth Genome written by Dinesh Adhikary and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the development of genetic resources in amaranths, with a major focus on genomics, reverse, and forward genetics tools and strategies that have been developed for crop improvement. Amaranth is an ancient crop native to the New World. Interest in amaranths is being renewed, due to their adaptability, stress tolerance, and nutritional value. There are about 65 species in the genus, including Amaranthus caudatus L., A. cruentus L., and A. hypochondriacus L., which are primarily grown as protein-rich grains or pseudocereals. The genus also includes major noxious weeds (e.g., A. palmeri). The amaranths are within the Caryophyllales order and thus many species (e.g., A. tricolor) produce red (betacyanin) or yellow (betaxanthin) betalain pigments, which are chemically distinct from the anthocyanins responsible for red pigmentation in other plants. A. hypochondriacus, which shows disomic inheritance (2n = 32; n= 466 Mb), has been sequenced and annotated with 23,059 protein-coding genes. Additional members of the genus are now also been sequenced including weedy amaranths, other grain amaranths, and their putative progenitors.
Download or read book Population Genomics Wildlife written by Paul A. Hohenlohe and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-09 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population genomics is revolutionizing wildlife biology, conservation, and management by providing key and novel insights into genetic, population and landscape-level processes in wildlife, with unprecedented power and accuracy. This pioneering book presents the advances and potential of population genomics in wildlife, outlining key population genomics concepts and questions in wildlife biology, population genomics approaches that are specifically applicable to wildlife, and application of population genomics in wildlife population and evolutionary biology, ecology, adaptation and conservation and management. It is important for students, researchers, and wildlife professionals to understand the growing set of population genomics tools that can address issues from delineation of wildlife populations to assessing their capacity to adapt to environmental change. This book brings together leading experts in wildlife population genomics to discuss the key areas of the field, as well as challenges, opportunities and future prospects of wildlife population genomics.
Download or read book Phylogeography of Southern European Refugia written by Steven Weiss and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-04 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the first synthesis of the remarkable diversity, evolutionary complexity, and conservation importance of the flora and fauna in the Mediterranean region, with emphasis on the three major peninsular refugia. The book highlights biodiversity importance in Southern Europe for European biota conservation, and includes chapters from authorities in phylogeography: John Avise, Remy Petit, Ettore Randi.
Download or read book Evolution Driven by Organismal Behavior written by Rui Diogo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-08 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes a new way to think about evolution. The author carefully brings together evidence from diverse fields of science. In the process, he bridges the gaps between many different--and usually seen as conflicting--ideas to present one integrative theory named ONCE, which stands for Organic Nonoptimal Constrained Evolution. The author argues that evolution is mainly driven by the behavioral choices and persistence of organisms themselves, in a process in which Darwinian natural selection is mainly a secondary--but still crucial--evolutionary player. Within ONCE, evolution is therefore generally made of mistakes and mismatches and trial-and-error situations, and is not a process where organisms engage in an incessant, suffocating struggle in which they can't thrive if they are not optimally adapted to their habitats and the external environment. Therefore, this unifying view incorporates a more comprehensive view of the diversity and complexity of life by stressing that organisms are not merely passive evolutionary players under the rule of external factors. This insightful and well-reasoned argument is based on numerous fascinating case studies from a wide range of organisms, including bacteria, plants, insects and diverse examples from the evolution of our own species. The book has an appeal to researchers, students, teachers, and those with an interest in the history and philosophy of science, as well as to the broader public, as it brings life back into biology by emphasizing that organisms, including humans, are the key active players in evolution and thus in the future of life on this wonderful planet.
Download or read book Introduction to Population Genetics written by Richard Halliburton and published by Pearson. This book was released on 2004 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making the theory of population genetics relevant to readers, this book explains the related mathematics with a logical organization. It presents the quantitative aspects of population genetics, and employs examples of human genetics, medical evolution, human evolution, and endangered species. For an introduction to, and understanding of, population genetics.
Download or read book Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-05-06 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today many school students are shielded from one of the most important concepts in modern science: evolution. In engaging and conversational style, Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science provides a well-structured framework for understanding and teaching evolution. Written for teachers, parents, and community officials as well as scientists and educators, this book describes how evolution reveals both the great diversity and similarity among the Earth's organisms; it explores how scientists approach the question of evolution; and it illustrates the nature of science as a way of knowing about the natural world. In addition, the book provides answers to frequently asked questions to help readers understand many of the issues and misconceptions about evolution. The book includes sample activities for teaching about evolution and the nature of science. For example, the book includes activities that investigate fossil footprints and population growth that teachers of science can use to introduce principles of evolution. Background information, materials, and step-by-step presentations are provided for each activity. In addition, this volume: Presents the evidence for evolution, including how evolution can be observed today. Explains the nature of science through a variety of examples. Describes how science differs from other human endeavors and why evolution is one of the best avenues for helping students understand this distinction. Answers frequently asked questions about evolution. Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science builds on the 1996 National Science Education Standards released by the National Research Councilâ€"and offers detailed guidance on how to evaluate and choose instructional materials that support the standards. Comprehensive and practical, this book brings one of today's educational challenges into focus in a balanced and reasoned discussion. It will be of special interest to teachers of science, school administrators, and interested members of the community.
