Download or read book Injury models for primary blast effects overpressure written by S.R. Meijer. and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Explosion and Blast Related Injuries written by Nabil M. Elsayed Ph.D. and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-07-26 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explosion and Blast-Related Injuries is an authoritative text that brings together diverse knowledge gained from both the experience of clinicians treating blast casualties and the insights of scientists obtained from research and modeling of blast exposures. By providing information on explosion and blast injury patterns, as well as the mechanism of blast-induced injuries, it is a useful reference for both physicians and researchers. With contributions by experts from around the globe, the book covers topics such as the epidemiology of blast and explosion injury, pathology and pathophysiology, and the modeling and mechanism of injury. Finally, this book might stimulate additional studies into ways to improve our current mass casualty response systems.* Contains contributions from experts who had first hand experience dealing with explosion and blast injuries. * Provides a diverse global experience derived from both military operations and terrorist attacks in civilian settings from the US, Europe and the Middle East. * Covers such topics as epidemiology of blast and explosion injury, pathology and pathophysiology, modeling and mechanism of injury, and finally presents the global experiences of blast injury and mass casualty management.
Download or read book Neurotrauma written by Raj K. Narayan and published by McGraw-Hill. This book was released on 1996 with total page 1558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference is a comprehensive work in the field of neurotrauma and critical care. It incorporates the fields of head injury, spinal injury and basic neurotrauma research into one source. The major emphasis is on the treatment of patients with head and spinal cord injury, including the management of all other problems that bear upon the care of these patients.
Download or read book Brain Neurotrauma written by Firas H. Kobeissy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-02-25 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries.
Download or read book Gulf War and Health written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-04-14 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the United States began combat operations in Afghanistan in October 2001 and then in Iraq in March 2003, the numbers of US soldiers killed exceed 6,700 and of US soldiers wounded 50,500. Although all wars since World War I have involved the use of explosives by the enemy, the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq differ from previous wars in which the United States has been involved because of the enemy's use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The use of IEDs has led to an injury landscape different from that in prior US wars. The signature injury of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars is blast injury. Numerous US soldiers have returned home with devastating blast injuries and they continue to experience many challenges in readjusting to civilian life. Gulf War and Health, Volume 9 is an assessment of the relevant scientific information and draws conclusions regarding the strength of the evidence of an association between exposure to blast and health effects. The report also includes recommendations for research most likely to provide VA with knowledge that can be used to inform decisions on how to prevent blast injuries, how to diagnose them effectively, and how to manage, treat, and rehabilitate victims of battlefield traumas in the immediate aftermath of a blast and in the long term.
Download or read book Injury Assessment for Blast Overpressure Effects written by M.J. van der Horst and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling of the Non Auditory Response to Blast Overpressure written by James H. Stuhmiller and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this project is to develop mathematical models of the physical processes that cause blast injury so that the results of tests using animals in simple blast environments can be safely translated to estimating hazard to man exposed to blast both in the free field and within enclosures. The present project builds upon earlier work to develop models of the mechanics of the thorax and lung exposed to simple blast waves. The scope of activity has been expanded to include the lung, the gastro-intestinal track, the upper respiratory tract, and the tympanic organs. In addition, the work now addresses occupational and combat level exposures. This report covers the second year of the contract. A considerable amount of progress has been made in understanding the basic mechanisms of injury and in providing practical tools for the measurement and prediction of blast effects. Keywords: Blast overpressure, Injury, Modeling.
Download or read book Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury written by Cristina Morganti-Kossmann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-19 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the most up-to-date clinical and experimental research in neurotrauma in an illustrated, accessible, comprehensive volume.
Download or read book Interaction of Blast and Head Impact in the Generation of Brain Injuries written by Abdullatif Zaouk and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TBI occurs as a direct result of blast wave-induced changes in atmospheric pressure (primary blast injury), from objects put in motion by the blast hitting people (secondary blast injury), and by people being forcefully put in motion by the blast (tertiary blast injury) (Taber, 2006). The brain is clearly vulnerable to both secondary and tertiary blast injury. The most common types of TBI are diffused axonal injury, contusion, and subdural hemorrhage. In this report, efforts have been made to quantitatively study the effects of blast overpressure and blast-related impact on secondary and tertiary TBI. A series of nonlinear dynamic finite-element analyses have been performed on a human-head (H-head) finite-element model developed by ESI Group and a finite-element Hybrid-III dummy model by LSTC. Finite-element calculations were performed to validate the ESI H-head model against the 3D brain motion data of Hardy et al. (2001) and the intracranial pressure data of Nahum et al. (1977). Additionally, available blast loading approaches were discussed, specifically the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. Parametric simulations involving primary, secondary, and tertiary blast injury were performed to evaluate the effect of standoff distance, impulse and fragment speed on the extent of damage to the brain, using cumulative strain damage measure as the injury metric.
Download or read book Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury written by Daniel Laskowitz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme
Download or read book Conventional Warfare written by Ronald F. Bellamy and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Harwood Nuss Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine written by Allan B. Wolfson and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2012-09-11 with total page 1809 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organized for easy reference, this comprehensive, concise, and clinically focused text covers all aspects of emergency medicine. Chapters follow a consistent, structured format—clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, evaluation, management, and disposition with highlighted critical interventions and common pitfalls. In this edition, the Pain and Pain Management section is now at the front of the book, since a large percentage of emergency department patients present with pain-related complaints. The Trauma section now follows the High-Risk Chief Complaint section. A new two-color design will help readers find critical elements of each chapter easily. A companion Website will include the fully searchable text, more than 400 self-assessment questions with answers, and additional images and tables.
Download or read book Biological Tolerance to Air Blast and Related Biomedical Criteria written by Clayton S. White and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experience with animals exposed in a variety of above and below ground structures during full-scale field operations at the Nevada Test Site in 1953, 1955 and 1957 were reviewed. The data were assembled and summarized to illustrate the nature of the blast-induced problems of significance in protective shelters, "open" as well as "closed". Potential hazards were related to the following: various patterns of variation in environmental pressure; translational events associated with transient, high-velocity winds, ground shock and gravity involving the impact of energized inanimate objects on the one hand the the consequences of whole-body displacement on the other; non-line-of-site thermal phenomena including hot objects and rapidly moving hot, dust- laden air and debris; and dust, in the respirable size range, sufficiently high in concentration even in "closed" shelters as to warrant design measures to minimize or eliminate the occurrence of small particulates whether arising from wall spalling or otherwise. Tentative biological criteria, conceived to help assess human hazards from blast-related phenomena, were presented. Relevant data from the literature and on- going research in environmental medicine were set forth to aid the reader in appreciating how the criteria were formulated, what information was extrapolated from animal data, and wherein "best estimates" were employed. "State-of-the-art" concepts were noted to emphasize areas in which more thinking and research must continue if more refined, complete and adequate criteria are to be forthcoming for assessing man's response to blast-induced variation in his immediate environment.
Download or read book Modeling of the Non Auditory Response to Blast Overpressure Use of Surrogate and Analytical Models to Understand the Parameters Controlling Blast Injury to the Gastro Intestinal Tract written by James H. Stuhmiller and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous experimental studies using excised, perfused rabbit intestine in a sealed water tank, have provided direct visual observation that air bubbles produce local, violent, intestinal wall motion when they collapse under blast loading and that injury directly correlates with those motions. Measurements of the pressure within the bubble was shown to correlate with the motion of the wall and with injury. It was speculated that this pressure is an indirect measure of the stress in the wall tissue and therefore could be a means of quantifying the injury process. An analytical model of the dynamics of a bubble within an elastic membrane has been developed. Surrogate models, using materials with properties similar to that of intestine wall, but arranged in simpler geometric configurations, have been used to collect data on the dynamic process. The model results are compared and discussed. Keywords: RA 3, Weapons effects(Biological), Non-auditory responses, Blast overpressure, Explosions, G.I. Tract, Blast injury. (JG).
Download or read book Neurological Effects of Repeated Exposure to Military Occupational Levels of Blast written by Molly M. Simmons and published by . This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is increasing concern over the common, repetitive forms of blast to which military members are exposed during service, and how those exposures could affect the central nervous system. The authors of this report review the relevant literature.
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Blast Interaction with the Human Body written by Tyler Haladuick and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom, explosions accounted for 81% of all injuries; this is a higher casualty percentage than in any previous wars. Blast wave overpressure has recently been associated with varying levels of traumatic brain injury in soldiers exposed to blast loading. Presently, the injury mechanism behind primary blast brain injury is not well understood due to the complex interactions between the blast wave and the human body. Despite these limitations in the understanding of head injury thresholds, head kinematics are often used to predict the overall potential for head injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate head kinematics, and predict injury from a range of simulated blast loads at varying standoff distances and differing heights of bursts. The validated Generator of body data multi-body human surrogate model allows for numerical kinematic data simulation in explicit finite element method fluid structure interaction blast modeling. Two finite element methods were investigated to simulate blast interaction with humans, an enhanced blast uncoupled method, and an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eularian fully coupled method. The enhanced blast method defines an air blast function through the application of a blast pressure wave, including ground reflections, based on the explosives relative location to a target; the pressures curves are based on the Convention Weapons databases. LBE model is efficient for parametric numerical studies of blast interaction where the target response is the only necessary result. The ALE model, unlike classical Lagrangian methods, has a fixed finite element mesh that allows material to flow through it; this enables simulation of large deformation problems such as blast in an air medium and its subsequent interaction with structures. The ALE model should be used when research into a specific blast scenario is of interest, since this method is more computationally expensive. The ALE method can evaluate a blast scenario in more detail including: explosive detonation, blast wave development and propagation, near-field fireball effects, blast wave reflection, as well as 3D blast wave interaction, reflection and refraction with a target. Both approaches were validated against experimental blast tests performed by Defense Research and Development Valcartier and ConWep databases for peak pressure, arrival time, impulse, and curve shape. The models were in good agreement with one another and follow the experimental data trend showing an exponential reduction in peak acceleration with increasing standoff distance until the Mach stem effect reached head height. The Mach stem phenomenon is a shock front formed by the merging of the incident and reflected shock waves; it increases the applied peak pressure and duration of a blast wave thus expanding the potential head injury zone surrounding a raised explosive. The enhanced blast model was in good agreement with experimental data in the near-field, and mid-field; however, overestimated the peak acceleration, and head injury criteria values in the far-field due to an over predicted pressure impulse force. The ALE model also over predicted the response based on the head injury criteria at an increased standoff distance due to smearing of the blast wave over several finite elements leading to an increased duration loading. According to the Abbreviated Injury Scale, the models predicted a maximal level 6 injury for all explosive sizes in the near-field, with a rapid acceleration of the head over approximately 1 ms. There is a drastic exponential reduction in the insult force and potential injury received with increasing standoff distance outside of the near-field region of an explosive charge.
Download or read book Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries written by Jun Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-16 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite numerous recent studies and exciting discoveries in the field, only limited treatment is available today for the victims of acute neurological injuries. Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries provides a standardized methodology manual designed to eliminate the inconsistent preparations and variability that currently jeopardizes advances in the field. Contributed by top experts and many original developers of the models, each chapter contains a step-by-step, proven procedure and visual aids covering the most commonly used animal models of neurological injury in order to highlight the practical applications of animal models rather than the theoretical issues. This intensive volume presents its readily reproducible protocols with great clarity and consistency to best aid neuroscientists and neurobiologists in laboratory testing and experimentation. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries is an ideal guide for scientists and researchers who wish to pursue this vital course of study with the proficiency and precision that the field requires.
