Download or read book Inheritance of Protein Content and Rust Resistance and Their Associations with Selected Agronomic Traits in Wheat Crosses Involving SD69103 Hand CI15921 a Hard Red Winter Wheat written by Craig Richard Cowley and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Heritability Estimates and Associations for Protein Content and Grain Yield Involving Four Winter Wheat Crosses Triticum Aestivum Vill Host by Polat Solen written by Polat Solen and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Four agronomically and genetically diverse winter wheat parents were utilized as the experimental organisms. Atlas 66 and NB 68513 were selected as cultivars with a high and stable protein content when grown under different environmental condidtions. They are intermediate for grain yield when grown in the Pacific Northwest. Yamhill and Hyslop represented low protein, high yielding cultivars adapted to the Pacific Northwest. Data were obtained from crosses between the two high protein cultivars and the two low protein cultivars based on the performance of the parents and the F1 and F2 generations. These experimental populations were grown in 1971 at the Pendleton Experiment Station and the Central Oregon Experimental site at Madras, Oregon. Measurements were made on an individual plant basis for protein content, grain yield, 50 kernel weight, kernels per spike, tillers per plant and plant height. Differences among and within crosses were determined by the analysis of variance. Information concerning the nature of inheritance was obtained by comparing the F1 and F2 means in relation to performance of the parents; the frequency distribution of the generations for protein content; and by determining broad and narrow sense heritability estimates for the six characters studied. The existence of possible phenotypic associations among the six characters studied was determined by using correlation coefficients. In order to evaluate the possible direct and indirect effects of grain yield and the components of yield on protein content, path coefficient analyses were employed. Significant differences were observed among and within crosses at both the Pendleton and Madras sites for most characters measured. The F1 and F2 mean values were found to be near the mid-parent of the two parents in all four crosses for plant height, 50 kernel weight and kernels per spike. There were several exceptions depending on the particular cross and specific character. Protein content mean values were also intermediate between the two parents for the F1 and F2 generations. In crosses involving Hyslop, the mean values tended to be near the highest parent. Little or no transgressive segregation was noted in the F2 generation. Evidence of non additive gene action was noted both for grain yield and tiller number in the F1 and F2 generations with the mean values exceeding the highest parent in all crosses for grain yield at the Pendleton site. Tillers per plant at Pendleton and both tillers per plant and grain yield at Madras also showed some degree of hybrid vigor, but the magnitude depended on the particular cross. The high broad and narrow sense heritability estimates obtained both at Pendleton and Madras for all traits suggested that there was a large amount of genetic variation present for the characters studied. The narrow sense estimates further suggested that a high percentage of the total genetic variation was due to genes which function in an additive manner. Significant negative correlations were noted between protein content and grain yield including some of the components of yield. In evaluating the direct and indirect effects with path coefficient analysis, these negative associations resulted from the large negative indirect effects of 50 kernel weight and kernels per spike on protein content via grain yield at the Madras site. At the Pendleton site, where moisture became a limiting factor, the negative association resulted largely as the indirect effect of 50 kernel weight on protein content through grain yield. The large environmental influence on protein content was particularly striking at the Pendleton site. With the spring application of nitrogen, a delay in maturity for Hyslop and Yamhill was noted and with the subsequent loss of moisture, shriveled grain resulted and hence a higher protein content with lower grain yield. This resulted in the grain protein of Hyslop and Yamhill being higher than that of Atlas 66 and NB 68513. The results of this study suggest that it may be necessary to compromise in attempting to develop high protein lines with maximum yield. However, it should be possible to increase the protein content two to three percent and still maintain the yielding ability of Hyslop and Yamhill.

Download or read book Inheritance of Grain Protein in Two Hard Red Spring Wheat Crosses written by Noel Francis Beninati and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Inheritance of Stem rust Reaction and Correlation of Characters in Pentad Nodak and Akrona Durum wheat Crosses written by Glenn Sanborn Smith and published by . This book was released on 1933 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Possible Association Between Grain Protein Content and Yield as Influenced by Harvest Index and Biological Yield in Selected Hard Red Winter Wheat Triticum Aestivum L Crosses written by Jose M. Costa and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain yield and grain protein are often negatively associated in wheat. When yield increases and grain protein decreases, there can be an adverse effect on the milling and baking quality if the desired end product is bread flour. It has been suggested that this inverse association is the result of selecting for a higher harvest index (ratio of grain yield to total biomass), to enhance grain yield. Parents, Fl, F2, and F3 generations of three crosses and reciprocal backcrosses of one cross were space-planted to study the association of grain protein content with grain and biological yields, harvest index, and related traits. Selection P5221, a high protein selection, was a common parent in crosses with three different genotypes. Differences were observed among generations within crosses for biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, grain protein content, grain hardness, and protein yield. The coefficients of variation for the measured traits were low for the three crosses. No associations between grain protein content and grain yield were observed in the populations studied. The largest association detected was between harvest index and grain protein. The r values ranged from -0.39 to -0.46, and rho was not different from -0.50 in two of the crosses. Path coefficient analyses revealed that this association was mostly due to the direct effect of harvest index on grain protein content, with little direct or indirect effect via other plant traits. In the cross P5221/ORCR 8313, biological yield exhibited a moderately large (0.64) direct effect on grain protein content; however this was offset by the negative indirect effect of tiller number. The R2 of the path analyses were relatively small for the three crosses, indicating that most of the variation in grain protein content was not explained by the variables included in the analyses. A possible negative association between grain protein content and harvest index, although moderate, suggests that selection for high yield should not be based on further increases of harvest index because grain protein could decrease.

Download or read book The Wheat Rusts Breeding for Resistance written by Douglas R. Knott and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea for this book was conceived by the late Dr. Irvine A. Watson of the University of Sydney, and he developed the first outline. I was then invited by Dr. Watson to share in its writing. Unfortunately, shortly there after, recurring heart problems forced him to curtail his activities and with draw from the project. He died before the book could be completed. Dr. Watson's intention was to produce a very practical book that would provide wheat breeders with all of the information necessary to breed success fully for resistance to the three wheat rusts: leaf rust, stem rust, and yellow rust. It was intended to be very specific in describing procedures to be used and at the same time provide all of the necessary theoretical background. I hope that I have been successful in meeting these objectives. The book assumes that the reader has some knowledge of plant pathology, genetics, and plant breeding. Extensive use has been made of the literature, but it was not possible to cite all of the papers on a given topic. In making a choice, an attempt was made to choose key papers or more recent papers that provided references to the earlier literature. Acknowledgements This book was written partly at the University of Saskatchewan and partly at the University of California, Davis, while I was on a sabbatical leave.

Download or read book Grain Protein Inheritance and Selection Studies in Four Spring Wheat Crosses written by Thomas Lawrence Rauch and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nature of Inheritance Genotype environment Interaction and Association of Selected Agronomic Characters in Crosses of Winter X Spring Wheats Triticum Aestivum L Em Thell written by P. Brajcich and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This investigation was motivated by the apparent increase in genetic variability resulting from the systematic combining of gene pools represented by winter and spring types of wheats. It was the objective of this study to provide information regarding the nature of this genetic variability for nine agronomic characters in populations resulting from winter x spring crosses. Evaluations were made for: 1) the amount of total genetic variability; 2) the nature of the gene action making up this genetic variability using parent-progeny regression and combining ability analysis and 3) possible direct and indirect associations for traits which influence grain yield. Experimental populations which involved parents, Fl, F2 and backcross generations were grown at two locations where a spring and a winter environment could be utilized. At the winter site, the research was evaluated over a two year period. When the two experimental sites were compared, greater genetic diversity was observed at the spring site for maturity date, plant height, tillers per plant, kernel weight and grain yield. At the winter site, heading date, grain filling period, harvest index and kernels per spike were found to have more total genetic variation. From the expected mean square values, it would appear that the winter parents contributed more to the total genetic variation for most traits measured at both locations. A large genotype-location interaction was also noted suggesting that estimates of gene action and selection for adapted plant types can be done only at the specific winter or spring site. A large portion of the total genetic variation controlling the traits measured was due to additive gene action. However, at the winter site there was also a large influence of non-additive gene action associated with heading date, plant height, harvest index, tillers per plant, kernel weight, kernels per spike and grain yield. Of special interest was that at the winter site the most promising parental combinations could be predicted based on the general combining ability effects of the individual cultivars for each trait studied. Such data were not available for the spring site. Consistent and high correlations were observed between tillers per plant, kernels per spike and, to a lesser extent, kernel weight and grain yield at the winter location. Some negative associations were observed at the spring location between these traits and grain yield suggesting that yield component compensations were involved in the final expression of grain yield. The other characters measured did not reflect significant correlations with yield. When the correlation values were considered in terms of direct and indirect effects for specific traits, a large direct effect was noted for the three components and grain yield. The other traits exhibited small or no direct effects on grain yield but did have a slight influence on grain yield through tillers per plant, kernels per spike or kernel weight.

Download or read book Evaluation of Four Quality Factors in a Selected Winter X Spring Wheat Cross Triticum Aestivum Vill Host written by Karen Sue Schumaker and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nature of the genetic variation associated with a cross involving winter and spring wheat parents for four quality factors was evaluated. Yamhill, a soft white winter wheat, and Inia 66, a hard red spring wheat, were selected as parents for this study. They represented distinctly different phenotypes for the attributes measured. Parents, F1, F2 and reciprocal backcrosses were examined for protein and lysine content, kernel hardness, and sedimentation value. Significant differences were observed between the two parents for protein content. The F1 mean was lower than the low protein parent with the F2 mean intermediate between the two parents. This latter factor plus a high narrow sense heritability estimate suggest that the genetic variation associated with protein content was largely due to genes which act in an additive manner. Backcrosses to either parent shifted the population toward the mean of the recurrent parent. Transgressive segregation was observed in the F2 for both low and high protein content suggesting that selection for this trait should be effective in early generations. Parents differed significantly for lysine content with the winter parent, Yamhill displaying lysine values approaching the highest previously reported for wheat. Intermediate F1 and F2 population means and a high narrow sense heritability estimate suggest the genes involved function in an additive manner. The backcross progeny to Yamhill had a mean value approaching that of the recurrent parent. No transgressive segregation was observed in the F2 for lysine content higher than Yamhill. It appears that lysine content in this cross is qualitatively inherited and that selection for improved lysine content above Yamhill appears limited. The genetic variation associated with kernel hardness appears to be largely additive with F1 and F2 means intermediate between the two parents and a high narrow sense heritability estimate. Transgressive segregation was observed in the F2 generation for both soft and hard kernel types. Selection for this trait should be effective in early generations. Significant differences were observed for the parental types for sedimentation value. The F1 and F2 means were below the midparent value. No transgressive segregation was observed in the F2 for either low or high sedimentation value. One backcross to the low sedimentation parent brought the population back to the low parent mean. One backcross to the high sedimentation parent shifted the population toward the recurrent parent but no individuals were recovered that approached the high parent. From this study it appears that selection for high sedimentation value types would be very difficult. Evidence provided in this study supports the concept that winter x spring crosses can provide useable genetic variation for desirable quality factors.

Download or read book Inheritance of Agronomic Characters and Certain Quality Factors in the Cross Kanred X Hard Federation written by Austin Gerald Goth and published by . This book was released on 1930 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Association and Inheritance of Earliness and Winterhardiness in Four Winter X Spring Wheat Crosses Triticum Aestivum Vill Host written by Kamil Yakar and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to determine the nature and amount of genetic variation and possible associations between winterhardiness and earliness in winter x spring wheat crosses. Four winter wheat cultivars selected for differences in earliness and winterhardiness were crossed with a nonhardy, day length insensitive spring wheat cultivar. The following year, experiments containing parents, F1, BC, and F2 populations were planted at two environmentally diverse sites located at the Sherman Branch Experiment Station, Moro, Oregon (250 mm of moisture) and the Hyslop Agronomy Farm, Corvallis, Oregon (1000 mm of moisture). The amount and nature of genetic variation involved were determined by obtaining broad and narrow sense heritability estimates, evaluating the degree of dominance and estimating the number of genes influencing both earliness and winterhardiness. Also frequency distributions were developed for each of the populations. Both broad and narrow sense heritability estimates for earliness were higher than those observed for winterhardiness. Both winterhardiness and earliness appeared to be conditioned by both additive and nonadditive gene action. Degree of dominance estimates for the four wheat crosses grown at two locations differed for each cross and location. Earliness was influenced by one to six genes while winterhardiness appeared to be controlled by two genes. The estimation of genetic advance indicated that the crosses with high narrow sense heritability estimates and high phenotypic variance in F2 generation would result in greater gains under selection for both traits. Based on the results of this study, it seems that Moro is a proper site to select for winterhardiness and Corvallis for earliness. However, it might be better to select for both traits at the same time at another site such as Pendleton, Oregon, where a realistic selection pressure can be applied for winter survival and drought would not influence the selection procedure. Such a site could also provide an opportunity to evaluate earliness at the same time. Correlation coefficient estimates showed the presence of a positive association between earliness and winterhardiness. The possibility of using leaf damage readings to measure the winterhardiness levels in wheat populations also appears promising.

Download or read book Association and Inheritance of Several Agronomic Characters in Four Wheat Crosses written by Mohammad M. El-Ajlouni and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Inheritance mechanisms for fifteen plant characters of wheat (Triticum durum) Desf. were studied in the F2, F3, and F4 generations in four crosses derived from four parents grown in Jubeiha, University of Jordan Campus during 1984 and 1985 seasons. The parents are Hourani, Mexicali 75, Yamuna, and Njoro 227. Phenotypic associations between grain yield and its components were high, while the morpho-physiological traits have poor positive association with grain yield and its components. Estimates of broad sense heritability indicated low to high values for all traits except number of spikelets/spike, spike length, and flag leaf area which showed low to medium values. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance for some characters such as total seed number/plant, plant height, and main spike seed number and weight indicated that selection for these traits will be valuable. Some characters showed high values for additive gene action in some crosses which mean that selection for these characters could be practiced in early generation. In Hourani x Mexicali 75 cross, heritability values were high in most of the characters. This cross also showed strong association between grain yield and other characters."--Page iv.

Download or read book Combining Ability and Associations of Agronomic Traits Involving Three Sources of Dwarfism in Wheat Triticum Aestivum L Em Thell written by Jose Luis Maya de Leon and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three genetically different dwarf cultivars of spring wheat were evaluated as potential sources of short stature to use in a wheat improvement program. The study involved a five parent diallel cross which included a semidwarf, a standard height and three dwarf cultivars. The genetic sources of dwarfism included a Norma 10 derivative named Vicam 71, a derived line from Tom Thumb called Tordo, and Olesen dwarf. Experimental material consisted of parental lines, F1, F2, and both backcrosses to the parents space planted in a randomized block design. The agronomic characters measured on an individual plant basis were: (1) plant height, (2) days to heading, (3) number of tillers, (4) number of spikelets per spike, (5) head length, (6) days to maturity, (7) grain yield, (8) harvest index, (9) kernel weight, (10) number of kernels per spikelet, (11) rachis internode length, (12) grain filling period and, (13) head grain weight. Estimates of gene action were determined by heterosis, heterobeltiosis, broad and narrow sense heritabilities and combining ability analyses. Associations among traits were estimated by phenotypic, environmental, and genotypic correlations as well as path-coefficient analysis for grain yield and eight of the variables. There were significant differences among the parental lines, their crosses, and generations for all traits measured. Either partial dominance for tallness or no dominance was manifested for those crosses involving the dwarf cultivars Vicam 71 and Olesen. Tordo, when crossed to taller wheats showed dominance for short stature. All three genetic sources of dwarfism and their resulting progenies manifested desirable agronomic characteristics. Vicam 71 was a good parent in terms of grain yield and number of tillers per plant. Tordo was the best source for increasing the number of spikelets per spike, kernel weight and head grain weight. Olesen was a good progenitor for increasing number of kernels per spikelet. All three dwarf cultivars displayed some advantage(s) over the other two and all could be used to breed short statured wheats with a possibility of success. Plant height did not appear to have a direct effect on plant grain yield in any of the 10 crosses. With the exception of number of tillers per plant and grain yield, a major proportion of the phenotypic variability observed for all characters studied was due to genetic factors. A large portion of the total genetic variability associated with days to heading, maturity, height, rachis internode, spikelet number, kernels per spikelet, kernel weight, and harvest index was mainly a result of additive gene action. Both additive and non-additive genetic effects were involved in the expression of grain filling period and head weight. The nonadditive portion of the genetic variance associated with tiller number and grain yield per plant was relatively large when compared with the additive portion. Therefore, selection for increased expression of tillers and yield should be delayed until the F4 or later generations where a large degree of homozygosity has been obtained. The genetic correlations for individual crosses indicated that only a few of the traits studied were associated in the same manner in most or all the 10 hybridizations. High positive genetic correlations were found between plant grain yield vs tiller number and kernels per spikelet, tiller number vs days to maturity, kernels per spikelet vs head grain weight, plant height vs head weight, and head length vs rachis internode length. High negative genetic correlations were found between kernel weight vs days to maturity, plant height vs harvest index, and days to heading vs grain filling period. Most correlations among agronomic traits were different in value and/or sign from one cross to another suggesting different gene associations in the parental cultivars. Genetic correlations between components of yield showed this type of inconsistency. Therefore, grain yield could be increased by a combined increase of more than one component of yield without compensatory oscillation among them because tiller number, spikelet number, kernels per spikelet and kernel weight were often not correlated between one another and sometimes were positively correlated. Path-coefficients analysis indicated that number of tiller per plant had a high direct effect on grain yield in all crosses. With the exception of two crosses, indirect effects of this trait were negligible. In the latter two crosses tiller number had a high negative indirect effect on plant grain yield via head grain weight. Kernels per spikelet and kernel weight had no direct effects on grain yield but their indirect effects via head weight were positive and significant. Large amounts of additive gene action were observed in the expression of plant height. This trait was also highly negatively correlated with harvest index; therefore, phenotypic selection for restricted plant height would be useful in obtaining lines with high grain to straw ratios. In general, crosses that showed high specific combining ability effects involved parents with low general combining ability. However, there were some exceptions to this rule. Crosses of high x high and high x low general combiners presented high specific combining ability effects, suggesting that some additive gene action may be involved in the superior performance of these combinations. Also the F 2 generation did not differ from the F1 in assessing general cornbining ability. A wheat breeder should be aware of those genetic associations between agronomic traits that could be used to select superior cultivars. However, the genetic correlations in this study suggested that each cross represented a different set of gene associations depending upon the parents involved. If some progress is to be made in using the genetic variability available in the crop, the breeder should not try to select exactly the same type of plant from every cross. Every hybridization is potentially a source of better lines if they are well planned and the reasons they were made are remembered during selection. It is very important to realize what are the contributions of each parental line in a cross and what are the most important trait associations present in each parent. Superior rural genetic variability existing in the crop.

Download or read book Inheritance and Association of Earliness and Grain Yield in Four Winter X Spring Wheat Crosses Triticum Aestivum L Em Thell written by Ahmet Ertug Firat and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parental and segregating populations derived from four winter x spring wheat crosses were investigated to obtain information concerning the inheritance and association of earliness, grain yield and yieldrelated traits. Feasibility of selecting in early generations for these characteristics was also evaluated. Four winter wheat cultivars (Hyslop, Yamhill, Bezostaia 1, and Sprague) and one spring wheat cultivar (Inia 66) were chosen on the basis of their relative maturity and contrasting agronomic characteristics. Parents, F1 s, F2' s, and reciprocal backcrosses to both parents were planted in the fall in a space-planted randomized complete block design. The two environmentally diverse locations selected were the Hyslop Agronomy Farm, Corvallis, Oregon (1000 mm of rainfall) and Sherman Experimental Station, Moro, Oregon (250 mm of rainfall). The effectiveness of early generation selection for the measured characteristics was evaluated by growing F3 lines identified as the earliest 1% and the highest yielding 1% of F2 individuals in each cross. These were grown along with the parents, F1s, BC1 s, BC2 s and F2' s under space-planted conditions at Hyslop Agronomy Farm. A study with the same populations was conducted by vernalizing and planting in the spring to gain further information on earliness. Analyses of variance were conducted for all characteristics measured. Frequency distributions for days to heading of F1, F2, backcross generations and parents were examined. From the data collected, estimates of F 1 -midparent deviations, degree of dominance, heritability in the narrow sense and genetic advance under selection were determined for each cross. The data were further analyzed by parent-progeny regression, correlation and path-coefficient analyses, polynomial and multiple regressions. Partially dominant major genes, varying in number between one to five depending on the particular cross, appeared to influence heading date. Modifying factors also seemed to affect the date of heading. The gene action involved in the inheritance of earliness was primarily additive indicating that selection for earliness would be effective as early as the F2 generation under both high and low rainfall conditions. Estimates of additive and nonadditive gene action suggested both were equally important in determining the yield components. Higher heritability estimates for the components of yield indicated that there was more genetic variability associated with the yield components than yield per se. Occurrence of additive genetic variation by location interaction implied that selection should be practiced simultaneously under different environments if wide adaptability of potential lines is desired. Since pronounced additive effect by year interactions occurred for the yield components, delayed selection for these traits may not be productive. Positive correlations were obtained between yield and the number of days to heading when all generations were combined. However, in the F2 generations, it appeared possible to select for the desired earliness with high yields as indicated by the low association between these two traits. The path-coefficient analyses suggested that tiller number had the highest direct effect on grain yield. However, because of a negative association between tiller number and kernel weight, selection pressures would have to be balanced between these two components. In most cases, linear relationships existed between grain yield and seven measured traits, respectively. The result of regression analyses also showed that grain yield may be described best as a linear function of its components.

Download or read book Annotated Bibliography of Fire Literature Relative to Northern Grasslands in South central Canada and North central United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Feed Grain Program written by United States. Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Women in Precision Agriculture written by Takoi Khemais Hamrita and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-17 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features influential scholarly research and technical contributions, professional trajectories, disciplinary shifts, personal insights, and a combination of these from a group of remarkable women scholars within precision agriculture. The authors provide a holistic and critical overview of the field of precision agriculture (both crop and livestock), highlighting breakthroughs and impactful research led by women investigators including relevant technologies, decision making strategies, practices, applications, economics, opportunities and challenges. They discuss the urgent need for reduced cost, increased productivity, more optimal use of resources, and reduced impact on our environment. The leading female researchers contributing to this book are creating new technological advances that are revolutionizing agriculture. Focuses on advances in precision agriculture led by leading women researchers, scholars, and professionals; Provides insight into women’s technical contributions in precision agriculture; Takes a holistic approach to precision agriculture, addressing both land and livestock applications.