Download or read book Infrared Spectroscopy of CO2 and H2O Molecular Clusters written by Robert S. Disselkamp and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book High Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy of Molecular Clusters written by Glenn Walter Ross Bryant and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diffusion in Minerals and Melts written by Youxue Zahng and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 72 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry represents an extensive compilation of the material presented by the invited speakers at a short course on Diffusion in Minerals and Melts held prior (December 11-12, 2010) to the Annual fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco, California. The short course was held at the Napa Valley Marriott Hotel and Spa in Napa, California and was sponsored by the Mineralogical Society of America and the Geochemical Society.

Download or read book Theory of Atomic and Molecular Clusters written by Julius Jellinek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence and spectacularly rapid evolution of the field of atomic and molecular clusters are among the most exciting developments in the recent history of natural sciences. The field of clusters expands into the traditional disciplines of physics, chemistry, materials science, and biology, yet in many respects it forms a cognition area of its own. This book presents a cross section of theoretical approaches and their applications in studies of different cluster systems. The contributions are written by experts in the respective areas. The systems discussed range from weakly (van der Waals) bonded, through hydrogen- and covalently bonded, to semiconductor and metallic clusters. The theoretical approaches involve high-level electronic structure computations, more approximate electronic structure treatments, use of semiempirical potentials, dynamical and statistical analyses, and illustrate the utility of both classical and quantum mechanical concepts.

Download or read book Physical Chemistry of Cold Gas Phase Functional Molecules and Clusters written by Takayuki Ebata and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-02 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes advanced research on the structures and photochemical properties of polyatomic molecules and molecular clusters having various functionalities under cold gas-phase conditions. Target molecules are crown ethers, polypeptides, large size protonated clusters, metal clusters, and other complex polyatomic molecules of special interest. A variety of advanced frequency and time-domain laser spectroscopic methods are applied. The book begins with the principle of an experimental setup for cold gas-phase molecules and various laser spectroscopic methods, followed by chapters on investigation of specific molecular systems. Through a molecular-level approach and analysis by quantum chemical calculation, it is possible to learn how atomic and molecular-level interactions (van der Waals, hydrogen-bonding, and others) control the specific properties of molecules and clusters. Those properties include molecular recognition, induced fitting, chirality, proton and hydrogen transfer, isomerization, and catalytic reaction. The information will be applicable to the design of new types of functional molecules and nanoparticles in the broad area that includes applied chemistry, drug delivery systems, and catalysts.

Download or read book Infrared Spectroscopy of Ionic Clusters written by John Michael Price and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Atomic and Molecular Clusters written by Roy L. Johnston and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-04-25 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cluster physics is the foundation of the increasingly important field of nanotechnology. Clusters, ranging in size from a few to many millions of atoms, constitute a fascinating field of research in physics, chemistry and materials science. They are formed by most of the elements of the Periodic Table, and the types of bonding and the resultant clusters are equally as varied. This book introduces atomic clusters, ranging from weakly-bonded clusters of argon to strongly-bonded carbon clusters and metal nano-particles. It includes worked examples to enable lecturers and students to gauge their understanding and progress. Atomic and Molecular Clusters describes the experimental generation, detection and interrogation of clusters and theoretical approaches developed to aid understanding of their physical properties. It classifies clusters according to their bonding types and gives examples of present and possible future applications of clusters in electronic, optical and magnetic devices.

Download or read book Fundamentals and Applications in Aerosol Spectroscopy written by Ruth Signorell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-12-20 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Helping you better understand the processes, instruments, and methods of aerosol spectroscopy, Fundamentals and Applications in Aerosol Spectroscopy provides an overview of the state of the art in this rapidly developing field. It covers fundamental aspects of aerosol spectroscopy, applications to atmospherically and astronomically relevant problem

Download or read book Infrared Spectroscopy of Ion hydrocarbon Clusters written by Oscar Rodriguez (Jr) and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many biological and environmental systems contain ion, water, and hydrophobic components; and it is the balance between these competing interactions which governs their chemistry. This Thesis aims at exploring ion0́Ø0́Ø0́Øhydrocarbon interactions, then ion0́Ø0́Ø0́Øwater0́Ø0́Ø0́Øalkane interactions. To accomplish this, a combination of gas phase infrared predissociation spectroscopy (IRPD) and tandem mass spectrometry is utilized. The solvation of alkali metal ions by methane is discussed first, beginning with the effects of multiple argon atoms on Li+0́Ø0́Ø0́ØCH4 dimer clusters followed by a study of M+(CH4)n clusters where it is revealed that ions have a weak electrostatic effect beyond the first solvent shell. Next, the argon tagging and monitoring unique fragmentation channels are used to selectively probe for high energy Li+(H2O)3-4Ar1 conformers which contain extensive water hydrogen bonding. Finally, ion0́Ø0́Ø0́Øwater0́Ø0́Ø0́Øalkane interactions are probed in Li+(H2O)n clusters containing CH4 or C6H12 molecules. Some spectra contain hydrogen bonded peaks correlating to weak water0́Ø0́Ø0́Øalkane interactions. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that high energy conformers containing water hydrogen bonding are present in the cluster ion beam. This analysis is expanded to anionic Cl-(Water)m(CH4)n clusters to compare with cations. Density functional theory or MP2 level calculations were used to support and help characterize experimental data.

Download or read book Intra and Intermolecular Interactions between Non covalently Bonded Species written by Elliot R. Bernstein and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-09-10 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of gases, clusters, liquids, and solids as units or systems, eventually focuses on the properties of these systems as governed by interactions between atoms, molecules, and radicals that are not covalently bonded to one another. The stereo/spatial properties of molecular species themselves are similarly controlled, with such interactions found throughout biological, polymeric, and cluster systems and are a central feature of chemical reactions. Nevertheless, these interactions are poorly described and characterized, with efforts to do so, usually based on a particular quantum or even classical mechanical procedure, obscuring the fundamental nature of the interactions in the process. Intra- and Intermolecular Interactions Between Noncovalently Bonded Species addresses this issue directly, defining the nature of the interactions and discussing how they should and should not be described. It reviews both theoretical developments and experimental procedures in order to explore interactions between nonbonded entities in such a fundamental manner as to elucidate their nature and origins. Drawing attention to the extensive experience of its editor and team of expert authors, Intra- and Intermolecular Interactions Between Noncovalently Bonded Species is an indispensable guide to the foundational knowledge, latest advances, most pressing challenges, and future directions for all those whose work is influenced by these interactions. Comprehensively describes the nature of interactions between nonbonded species in biological systems, liquids, crystals, clusters, and in particular, water. Combines fundamental, theoretical, background information based on various approximations with the knowledge of experimental techniques. Outlines interactions clearly and consistently with a particular focus on frequency and time-resolved spectroscopies as applied to these interactions.

Download or read book High Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy of Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide at Elevated Temperatures written by Mark P. Esplin and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although both Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide are minor constituents of the terrestrial atmosphere, they play leading roles in several current atmospheric problems. Both CO2 and N2O are greenhouse gases, and while it is known that the atmospheric concentrations of both gases is increasing, the impact of these trends on global temperature is not yet adequately understood. In addition to being a greenhouse gas, N2O plays an indirect part in ozone chemistry. Heating a molecule makes possible the observations of molecular transitions originating from highly excited rotation-vibration states. Heating a molecule makes possible the observations of molecular transitions originating from highly excited rotation-vibration states. These observations can then be used to characterize the shape of the molecular potential function at increasing distances from the minimum of the potential function. The infrared spectra of linear molecules like CO2 and N2O are composed of vibration bands made up of a number of nearly equally spaced rotation lines. A Fourier Spectrometer is ideally suited to the study of high temperature gases since it meets both of these needs by providing high resolution over a wide spectral region.

Download or read book Infrared Vibrational Predissociation Spectroscopy of Water Clusters by the Crossed Laser Molecular Beam Technique written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water clusters formed in a molecular beam are predissociated by tunable, pulsed, infrared radiation in the frequency range 2900~3750 cm−1. The recoiling fragments are detected off axis from the molecular beam using a rotatable mass spectrometer. Arguments are presented which show that the measured frequency dependent signal at a fixed detector angle is proportional to the absorption spectrum of the clusters. It is found that the spectra of clusters containing three or more water molecules are remarkably similar to the liquid phase spectrum. Dynamical information on the predissociation process is obtained from the velocity distribution of the fragments. An upper limit to the excited vibrational state lifetime of ~1 microsecond is observed for the results reported here. The most probable dissociation process concentrates the available excess energy into the internal motions of the fragment molecules. Both the time scale and translational energy distribution are consistent with the qualitative predictions of current theoretical models for cluster predissociation. From adiabatic dissociation trajectories and Monte Carlo simulations it is seen that the strong coupling present in the water polymers probably invalidates the simpler "diatomic" picture formulations of cluster predissociation. Instead, the energy can be extensively shared among the intermolecular motions in the polymer before dissociation. Comparison between current intermolecular potentials describing liquid water and the observed frequencies is made in the normal mode approximation. The inability of any potential to predict the gross spectral features (the number of bands and their observed frequency shift from the gas phase monomer) suggests that substantial improvement in the potential energy functions are possible, but that more accurate methods of solving the vibrational wave equation are necessary before a proper explanation of the spectral fine structure is possible. The observed differences between the dimer and larger polymers (trimer-hexamer) indicate a dramatic change in the hydrogen bonding, which is best explained as arising from the non-additive effects present when a water molecule is both donating and accepting a hydrogen bond. This difference between dimer and trimer also rationalizes the previous disagreement between potential functions based on condensed phase properties (where the water molecule is interacting with multiple neighbors) and those fit to imperfect gas or dimer properties which sample only the isolated pair potential. The data support an interpretation of the hydrogen bonded O-H stretching fundamental region as arising from a homogeneous broadening (not necessarily a result of the predissociation) whose width is characteristic of the hydrogen bond itself and not the sum of distinct bonding geometries. This is different from some previous theories of the water infrared absorption spectrum which assign each band to water molecules bound to different numbers of neighboring molecules.

Download or read book The Hydrogen Bond and the Water Molecule written by Yves Marechal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-11 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hydrogen Bond and the Water Molecule offers a synthesis of what is known and currently being researched on the topic of hydrogen bonds and water molecules. The most simple water molecular, H2O, is a fascinating but poorly understood molecule. Its unique ability to attract an exceptionally large number of hydrogen bonds induces the formation of a dense "hydrogen bond network" that has the potential to modify the properties of the surrounding molecules and their reactivities. The crucial role that water molecules play is described in this book. The author begins by providing an overview of the thermodynamical and structural properties of H-bonds before examining their much less known dynamical properties, which makes them appear as centres of reactivity. Methods used to observe these components are also reviewed. In the second part of the book the role played by the dense H-bond network developed by H2O molecules is examined. First in ice, where it has important atmospheric consequences, then in liquid water, and finally in macromolecules where it sheds some original light on the fundamental question "How is it that without water and hydrogen bonds life would not exist?". This book will be of interest to researchers in the fields of physics, chemistry, biochemistry and molecular biology. It can also serve as a teaching aid for students attending course in chemical physics, chemistry or molecular biology. Engineers involved the water industry would benefit from reading this book, as would scientists working in pharmaceutics, cosmetics and materials. * overview of what is known and being researched on the topic of hydrogen bonds and water molecules * reviews methods used to observe interactions between water molecules and hydrogen bonds * examines role of H-bond network developed by H2O molecules

Download or read book Weakly Interacting Molecular Pairs Unconventional Absorbers of Radiation in the Atmosphere written by Claude Camy-Peyret and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advanced Research Workshop entitled “Weakly Interacting Molecular Pairs: Unconventional Absorbers of Radiation in the At- sphere” was held in Abbaye de Fontevraud, France, from April 29 to May 3, 2002. The meeting involved 40 researchers from 14 countries. The goal of this meeting was to address a problem that the scienti?c community is aware of for many years. Up now, however, the so- tion for this problem is far from satisfactory. Pair e?ects are called unconventional in the title of this meeting. In speci?c spectral domains and/or geophysical conditions they are recognized to play a dominant role in the absorption/emission properties of the atmosphere. Water vapor continuum absorption is among the most prominent examples. Permanently improving accuracy of both laboratory studies and ?eld observations requires better knowledge of the spectroscopic features - tributable to molecular pairs which may form at equilibrium. The Workshop was targeted both to clarify the pending questions and, as far as feasible, to trace the path to possible answers since the underlying phenomena are yet incompletely understood and since a reliable theory is often not available. On the other hand, the lack of precise laboratory data on bimolecular absorption is often precluding the construction of reliable theoretical models. Ideally, the knowledge accumulated in the course of laboratory studies should correlate with the practical demands from those who are carrying out atmospheric ?eld measurements and space observations.

Download or read book High Temperature Gas Solid Reactions in Earth and Planetary Processes written by Penelope King and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-03 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High temperature gas-solid reactions are ubiquitous on planetary bodies, distributing chemical elements over a range of geologic settings and temperatures. This volume reviews the critical role gas-solid reactions play in early solar system formation, volcanism, metamorphism and industrial processes. The field evidence, experimental and theoretical approaches for examining gas-solid reaction are presented, building on advances in fields outside of Earth Sciences. Computational chemistry techniques are used to probe the nature of molecular clusters and solvation in volcanic vapors and mineral-gas reaction mechanisms. Specialised analytical methods for characterising solid reaction products are included since these reactions commonly form thin or dispersed films and metastable minerals. Finally, the volume contains rich field examples, laboratory experiments and thermodynamic modelling and kinetics of gas-solid reactions on Earth, Venus and beyond.

Download or read book Atoms Molecules and Optical Physics 2 written by Ingolf V. Hertel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-22 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second volume of textbooks on atomic, molecular and optical physics, aiming at a comprehensive presentation of this highly productive branch of modern physics as an indispensable basis for many areas in physics and chemistry as well as in state of the art bio- and material-sciences. It primarily addresses advanced students (including PhD students), but in a number of selected subject areas the reader is lead up to the frontiers of present research. Thus even the active scientist is addressed. This volume 2 introduces lasers and quantum optics, while the main focus is on the structure of molecules and their spectroscopy, as well as on collision physics as the continuum counterpart to bound molecular states. The emphasis is always on the experiment and its interpretation, while the necessary theory is introduced from this perspective in a compact and occasionally somewhat heuristic manner, easy to follow even for beginners.

Download or read book Uniform Supersonic Flows In Chemical Physics Chemistry Close To Absolute Zero Studied Using The Cresu Method written by Bertrand R Rowe and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2022-05-18 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radioastronomy has painted an extraordinary picture of the Galactic interstellar medium, which displays an amazing organization and structuring of matter from very hot ultra-diluted media to very cold denser milieus considered as the cradles of stars. In these latter environments, the discovery of a chemical diversity of molecules, including those associated with precursors to life itself, immediately brought to light the question of the mechanisms leading to their formation and persistence at temperatures as low as 10 K. The chemical networks developed to understand telescope observations required a great deal of physical and chemical parameters relevant to interstellar conditions, particularly at very low temperatures. These included the rate coefficients of thousands of gas phase chemical reactions. Such data were missing in the 1970s, when the very first molecular discoveries were made. Then, in the early eighties, it was realized that uniform supersonic flows were ideal chemical reactors to study reaction kinetics at interstellar temperatures.Uniform Supersonic Flows in Chemical Physics reviews 40 years of use of such reactors, the so-called CRESU machines, focusing on major breakthroughs brought to chemical physics, physical chemistry, astrophysics and astrochemistry by the various experiments carried out with such apparatuses. The wealth of kinetic data at very low temperatures provided new targets for the predictions of theory, with new theoretical methods being developed to explain observed behavior. The first two chapters describe the physical context of reaction kinetics at very low temperatures and the requirements needed to run optimally such uniform supersonic flows, together with a historical perspective. Chapters 3 to 9 describe the various families of chemical processes that have been explored within the CRESU technique, highlighting major advances and offering an exhaustive up-to-date bibliography. Chapters 10 and 11 show how these experimental results have helped in improving the ideas in quantum chemistry and interstellar modeling. The book concludes with an overview of potential perspectives and new routes to be explored.