Download or read book Mechanisms of Age cognition Relations in Adulthood written by Timothy A. Salthouse and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is the written version of a series of talks delivered as recent MacEachran Lectures at the University of Alberta. The informal style of the lectures, and the inclusion of a relatively large number of figures, has been preserved in order to keep the monograph faithful to the concept of an individual attempting to integrate his own research into a reasonably coherent framework. Although the volume is very much a personal account of one individual's perspective, the studies reported are naturally a product of many collaborations as well as inspirations from colleagues. The fundamental issue addressed is how adult age differences in fluid or process aspects of cognitive functioning are to be explained. Several potential mediators are considered, with most of the emphasis devoted to the investigation of working memory and processing speed as variables mediating relations between age and cognition.

Download or read book Object Recognition written by Tam Phuong Cao and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-04-01 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vision-based object recognition tasks are very familiar in our everyday activities, such as driving our car in the correct lane. We do these tasks effortlessly in real-time. In the last decades, with the advancement of computer technology, researchers and application developers are trying to mimic the human's capability of visually recognising. Such capability will allow machine to free human from boring or dangerous jobs.

Download or read book Visual Perception Part 2 written by Susana Martinez-Conde and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-10-06 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a collection of articles reflecting state-of-the-art research in visual perception, specifically concentrating on neural correlates of perception. Each section addresses one of the main topics in vision research today. Part 2: Fundamentals of Awareness, Multi-Sensory Integration and High-Order Perception covers topics from filling-in to visual awareness to crossmodal interactions. A variety of methodological approaches are represented, including single-neuron recordings, fMRI and optical imaging, psychophysics, eye movement characterization and computational modelling. The contributions will provide the reader with a valuable perspective on the current status of vision research, and more importantly, with critical insight into future research directions and the discoveries yet to come.· Provides a detailed breakdown of the neural and psychophysical bases of Perception · Presents never-before-published original discoveries · Includes multiple full-color illustrations

Download or read book Scene Vision written by Kestutis Kveraga and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-11-07 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cutting-edge research on the visual cognition of scenes, covering issues that include spatial vision, context, emotion, attention, memory, and neural mechanisms underlying scene representation. For many years, researchers have studied visual recognition with objects—single, clean, clear, and isolated objects, presented to subjects at the center of the screen. In our real environment, however, objects do not appear so neatly. Our visual world is a stimulating scenery mess; fragments, colors, occlusions, motions, eye movements, context, and distraction all affect perception. In this volume, pioneering researchers address the visual cognition of scenes from neuroimaging, psychology, modeling, electrophysiology, and computer vision perspectives. Building on past research—and accepting the challenge of applying what we have learned from the study of object recognition to the visual cognition of scenes—these leading scholars consider issues of spatial vision, context, rapid perception, emotion, attention, memory, and the neural mechanisms underlying scene representation. Taken together, their contributions offer a snapshot of our current knowledge of how we understand scenes and the visual world around us. Contributors Elissa M. Aminoff, Moshe Bar, Margaret Bradley, Daniel I. Brooks, Marvin M. Chun, Ritendra Datta, Russell A. Epstein, Michèle Fabre-Thorpe, Elena Fedorovskaya, Jack L. Gallant, Helene Intraub, Dhiraj Joshi, Kestutis Kveraga, Peter J. Lang, Jia Li Xin Lu, Jiebo Luo, Quang-Tuan Luong, George L. Malcolm, Shahin Nasr, Soojin Park, Mary C. Potter, Reza Rajimehr, Dean Sabatinelli, Philippe G. Schyns, David L. Sheinberg, Heida Maria Sigurdardottir, Dustin Stansbury, Simon Thorpe, Roger Tootell, James Z. Wang

Download or read book Fat Detection written by Jean-Pierre Montmayeur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the State-of-the-Art in Fat Taste TransductionA bite of cheese, a few potato chips, a delectable piece of bacon - a small taste of high-fat foods often draws you back for more. But why are fatty foods so appealing? Why do we crave them? Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects covers the many factors responsible for the se

Download or read book Adaptive Hot Cognition How Emotion Drives Information Processing and Cognition Steers Affective Processing written by Mariska E. Kret and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-05-02 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Influential theories have argued that affective processing is fundamentally different from cognitive processing. Others have suggested that theoretical boundaries between affective and cognitive processing are artificial and inherently problematic. Over recent years, different positions on these issues have fueled many empirical studies investigating the mechanisms underlying cognitive and affective processing. Where and on what basis should we draw the line between cognition and emotion? Are there fundamental distinctions to be made between the way emotion influences cognition and cognition influences emotion? How does the reciprocal interaction between emotion and cognition lead to adaptive behavior? This Research Topic explores the nature of the reciprocal interaction between emotion and cognition from a functional perspective.

Download or read book Perception written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Computer Vision ACCV 2009 written by Hongbin Zha and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-05-09 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It givesus greatpleasureto presentthe proceedings of the 9th Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV 2009), held in Xi’an, China, in September 2009. This was the ?rst ACCV conference to take place in mainland China. We received a total of 670 full submissions, which is a new record in the ACCV series. Overall, 35 papers were selected for oral presentation and 131 as posters, yielding acceptance rates of 5.2% for oral, 19.6% for poster, and 24.8% in total. In the paper reviewing, we continued the tradition of previous ACCVsbyconductingtheprocessinadouble-blindmanner.Eachofthe33Area Chairs received a pool of about 20 papers and nominated a number of potential reviewers for each paper. Then, Program Committee Chairs allocated at least three reviewers to each paper, taking into consideration any con?icts of interest and the balance of loads. Once the reviews were ?nished, the Area Chairs made summaryreportsforthepapersintheirpools,basedonthereviewers’comments and on their own assessments of the papers.

Download or read book Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Society written by Sumit Tripathi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-09-23 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents a comprehensive and interdisciplinary exploration of the impact of AI on various sectors of society to foster a greater understanding of the opportunities and challenges presented by this transformative technology. It explores the impact AI has had on varied sectors of society, including healthcare, education, the workplace, and the economy. It provides a holistic view of this fast-growing technology by critical study of the possible benefits and drawbacks linked with the application of AI in many industries. The book also examines the ethical, social, and economic implications of AI and the potential risks and challenges associated with its use. Focuses on the future influence of AI, providing insights into how it could disrupt several industries and change the way we live, work, and connect with one another Explores how AI can be used to tackle global issues such as climate change, food security, and public health concerns Offers case studies and specific examples of how artificial intelligence is being employed in many industries, covering both successes and failures Investigates cutting-edge technology breakthroughs in AI and how they can be used to improve efficiency, productivity, and performance across multiple industries Understands the limitations and potential biases of artificial intelligence, as well as the significance of human monitoring and accountability The book is intended for researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and students who are interested in understanding the nature and role of AI with regard to different sectors of society.

Download or read book Handbook of Object Novelty Recognition written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-16 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Object Novelty Recognition, Volume 26, synthesizes the empirical and theoretical advances in the field of object recognition and memory that have occurred since the development of the spontaneous object recognition task. The book is divided into four sections, covering vision and perception of object features and attributions, definitions of concepts that are associated with object recognition, the influence of brain lesions and drugs on various memory functions and processes, and models of neuropsychiatric disorders based on spontaneous object recognition tasks. A final section covers genetic and developmental studies and gender and hormone studies. - Details the brain structures and the neural circuits that underlie memory of objects, including vision and olfaction - Provides a thorough description of the object novelty recognition task, variations on the basic task, and methods and techniques to help researchers avoid common pitfalls - Assists researchers in understanding all aspects of object memory, conducting object novelty recognition tests, and producing reliable, reproducible results

Download or read book Eye Movements written by Roger PG van Gompel and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-03-27 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eye-movement recording has become the method of choice in a wide variety of disciplines investigating how the mind and brain work. This volume brings together recent, high-quality eye-movement research from many different disciplines and, in doing so, presents a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in eye-movement research. Sections include the history of eye-movement research, physiological and clinical studies of eye movements, transsaccadic integration, computational modelling of eye movements, reading, spoken language processing, attention and scene perception, and eye-movements in natural environments. - Includes recent research from a variety of disciplines - Divided into sections based on topic areas, with an overview chapter beginning each section - Through the study of eye movements we can learn about the human mind, and eye movement recording has become the method of choice in many disciplines

Download or read book Hierarchical Object Representations in the Visual Cortex and Computer Vision written by Antonio Rodríguez-Sánchez and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-06-08 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 40 years, neurobiology and computational neuroscience has proved that deeper understanding of visual processes in humans and non-human primates can lead to important advancements in computational perception theories and systems. One of the main difficulties that arises when designing automatic vision systems is developing a mechanism that can recognize - or simply find - an object when faced with all the possible variations that may occur in a natural scene, with the ease of the primate visual system. The area of the brain in primates that is dedicated at analyzing visual information is the visual cortex. The visual cortex performs a wide variety of complex tasks by means of simple operations. These seemingly simple operations are applied to several layers of neurons organized into a hierarchy, the layers representing increasingly complex, abstract intermediate processing stages. In this Research Topic we propose to bring together current efforts in neurophysiology and computer vision in order 1) To understand how the visual cortex encodes an object from a starting point where neurons respond to lines, bars or edges to the representation of an object at the top of the hierarchy that is invariant to illumination, size, location, viewpoint, rotation and robust to occlusions and clutter; and 2) How the design of automatic vision systems benefit from that knowledge to get closer to human accuracy, efficiency and robustness to variations.

Download or read book Pre cueing Effects on Perception Attention and Cognitive Penetrability written by Athanassios Raftopoulos and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-04-12 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attention has often been likened to spotlights and filters—devices that illuminate or screen out some inputs in favor of others. This largely passive conception of attention has been gradually replaced by a more dynamic and far-reaching process. We know that attentional processes augment neural processing at all levels, and in some cases, augmenting processing within the sense organs themselves. For example, cueing object features (e.g., instructing a subject to look at a screen for a red object) modulates prestimulus activity in the visual cortex. Far from being limited to space or basic features, such attention cueing can function in surprisingly flexible and complex ways: people can be cued to attend to various objects, properties, and semantic categories and such attention appears to directly involve perceptual mechanisms. Studies of spatial attention cues presented before stimulus presentation show early modulation of perceptual processing. This phenomenon refers to the enhancement of the baseline activity of neurons at all levels in the visual cortex that are tuned to the cued location, which is called attentional modulation of spontaneous activity. The spontaneous firing rates of neurons are increased when attention is shifted toward the location of an upcoming stimulus before its presentation. Evidence also suggests that through pre-cueing of object features, feature-based attention modulates prestimulus activity in the visual cortex. The effects of pre-stimulus feature attention act either as a preparatory activity to enhance the stimulus-evoked potentials within feature sensitive areas, or they act so as to modulate stimulus-locked transients. Both effects of pre-cueing reflect a change in background neural activity. They are called anticipatory effects established prior to the presentation of the stimulus. Thus, they do not modulate processing during stimulus viewing but bias the process before it starts via the increase in the base line firing rates; they rig-up perceptual processing without affecting it on-line. Moreover, recent work on perceptual processing emphasizes the role of brain as a predictive tool. To perceive is to use what you know to explain away the sensory signal across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Perception aims to enable perceivers to interact with their environment successfully. Success relies on inferring or predicting correctly (or nearly so) the nature of the source of the incoming signal from the signal itself, an inference that may well be Bayesian. Current research sheds light on the role of attention in inferring the identities of the distal objects. Attention within late vision contributes to testing hypotheses concerning the putative distal causes of the sensory data encoded in the lower neuronal assemblies in the visual processing hierarchy. This testing assumes the form of matching predictions, made on the basis of an hypothesis, about the sensory information that the lower levels should encode assuming that the hypothesis is correct, with the current, actual sensory information encoded at the lower levels. To this aim, attention enhances the activity of neurons in the cortical regions that encode the stimuli that most likely contain information relevant to the testing of the hypothesis. In this Research Topic we aim to answer two related questions: First, what are the differences between this sort of pre-cueing effects and top-down cognitive influences on perception, and, in general, how do such attentional cuing effects relate to the broader literature on top-down influences on perception? Second, given that attention appears to change perceptual processing and that a form of attention, namely, cognitively-driven (or endogenous, or sustained) attention is a cognitive process, does attentional modulation through pre-cueing constitute cognitive penetrability of perception? Addressing these two questions will shed light on the theoretical underpinnings of cognitive penetrability and the nature of perceptual processing.

Download or read book Neurovision Neural bases of binocular vision and coordination and their implications in visual training programs written by Olivier A. Coubard and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-10-12 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Binocular vision is achieved by five neurovisual systems originating in the retina but varying in their destination within the brain. Two systems have been widely studied: the retino-tectal or retino-collicular route, which subserves an expedient and raw estimate of the visual scene through the magnocellular pathway, and the retino-occipital or retino-cortical route, which allows slower but refined analysis of the visual scene through the parvocellular pathway. But there also exist further neurovisual systems: the retino-hypothalamic, retino-pretectal, and accessory optic systems, which play a crucial role in vision though they are less understood. The retino-pretectal pathway projecting onto the pretectum is critical for the pupillary or photomotor reflex. The retino-hypothalamic pathway projecting onto the suprachiasmatic nucleus regulates numerous behavioral and biological functions as well as circadian rhythms. The accessory optic system targeting terminal lateral, medial and dorsal nuclei through the paraoptic fasciculus plays a role in head and gaze orientation as well as slow movements. Taken together, these neurovisual systems involve 60% of brain activity, thus highlighting the importance of vision in the functioning and regulation of the central nervous system. But vision is first and foremost action, which makes perception impossible without movement. Binocular coordination is a prerequisite for binocular fusion of the object of interest on the two foveas, thus ensuring visual perception. The retino-collicular pathway is sufficient to elicit reflexive eye movements with short latencies. Thanks to its motor neurons, the superior colliculus activates premotor neurons, which themselves activate motor neurons of the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nuclei. At a higher level, a cascade of neural mechanisms participates in the control of decisional eye movements. The superior colliculus is controlled by the substancia nigra pars reticulata, which is itself gated by subcortical structures such as the dorsal striatum. The superior colliculus is also inhibited by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex through a direct prefrontotectal tract. Cortical areas are crucial for the triggering of eye movements: the frontal eye field, supplementary eye field, and parietal eye field. Finally the cerebellum maintains accuracy. The focus of the present research topic, entitled Neural bases of binocular vision and coordination and their implications in visual training programs, is to review the most recent findings in brain imaging and neurophysiology of binocular vision and coordination in humans and animals with frontally-placed eyes. The emphasis is put on studies that enable transfer of knowledge toward visual training programs targeting visual field defects (e.g., hemianopia) and binocular functional disorders (e.g., amblyopia).

Download or read book Intelligence Science and Big Data Engineering written by Changyin Sun and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-18 with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Intelligence Science and Big Data Engineering, IScIDE 2013, held in Beijing, China, in July/August 2013. The 111 papers presented were carefully peer-reviewed and selected from 390 submissions. Topics covered include information theoretic and Bayesian approaches; probabilistic graphical models; pattern recognition and computer vision; signal processing and image processing; machine learning and computational intelligence; neural networks and neuro-informatics; statistical inference and uncertainty reasoning; bioinformatics and computational biology and speech recognition and natural language processing.

Download or read book Object Recognition Attention and Action written by Naoyuki Osaka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-12 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human object recognition is a classical topic both for philosophy and for the natural sciences. Ultimately, understanding of object recognition will be promoted by the cooperation of behavioral research, neurophysiology, and computation. This original book provides an excellent introduction to the issues that are involved. It contains chapters that address the ways in which humans and machines attend to, recognize, and act toward objects in the visual environment.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Perception written by E. Bruce Goldstein and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2010 with total page 1281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of the ease with which we perceive, many people see perception as something that "just happens." However, even seemingly simple perceptual experiences involve complex underlying mechanisms, which are often hidden from our conscious experience. These mechanisms are being investigated by researchers and theorists in fields such as psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, computer science, and philosophy. A few examples of the questions posed by these investigations are, What do infants perceive? How does perception develop? What do perceptual disorders reveal about normal functioning? How can information from one sense, such as hearing, be affected by information from another sense, such as vision? How is the information from all of our senses combined to result in our perception of a coherent environment? What are some practical outcomes of basic research in perception? These are just a few of the questions this encyclopedia will consider, as it presents a comprehensive overview of the field of perception for students, researchers, and professionals in psychology, the cognitive sciences, neuroscience, and related medical disciplines such as neurology and ophthalmology.