Download or read book Influence of Type of Material to be Remembered on Adult Age Differences in Memory Performance written by Julie Lynn Earles and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Communication Health and the Elderly written by Howard Giles and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Variation in Working Memory written by Andrew Conway and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-02-13 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Working memory--the ability to keep important information in mind while comprehending, thinking, and acting--varies considerably from person to person and changes dramatically during each person's life. Understanding such individual and developmental differences is crucial because working memory is a major contributor to general intellectual functioning. This volume offers a state-of-the-art, integrative, and comprehensive approach to understanding variation in working memory by presenting explicit, detailed comparisons of the leading theories. It incorporates views from the different research groups that operate on each side of the Atlantic, and covers working-memory research on a wide variety of populations, including healthy adults, children with and without learning difficulties, older adults, and adults and children with neurological disorders. A particular strength of this volume is that each research group explicitly addresses the same set of theoretical questions, from the perspective of both their own theoretical and experimental work and from the perspective of relevant alternative approaches. Through these questions, each research group considers their overarching theory of working memory, specifies the critical sources of working memory variation according to their theory, reflects on the compatibility of their approach with other approaches, and assesses their contribution to general working memory theory. This shared focus across chapters unifies the volume and highlights the similarities and differences among the various theories. Each chapter includes both a summary of research positions and a detailed discussion of each position. Variation in Working Memory achieves coherence across its chapters, while presenting the entire range of current theoretical and experimental approaches to variation in working memory.
Download or read book Determinants of Working Memory Performance written by Gillian Rowe and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Age Differences in Proactive Interference and Facilitation written by Christopher Nathan Wahlheim and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A common finding is that specific types of memory performance decline as a function of age. Among the situations that produce these differences are those in which proactive interference (PI) occurs. PI refers to impaired memory for new information as a result of previous learning of competing information. However, research has shown that PI situations can sometimes be facilitative to memory performance for both young and older adults when information is integrated effectively. One potential integration mechanism is the retrieval of earlier competing information during study of new information. Such instances have been referred to as "remindings", and they serve to preserve the temporal order of information. In the current experiments, I explored the role of remindings in age differences in memory performance in PI situations. A-B, A-D paired-associate learning paradigms were used to examine age differences in the effects of learning two responses (B and D) in association with one stimulus (A) on later memory for the response presented more recently (D). In addition, age differences in the occurrence of remindings were examined by comparing the tendency for responses that occurred first (B) to come to mind first at retrieval when participants were instructed to recall the response that occurred more recently (D). Results revealed that young adults were reminded more than older adults and that memory performance benefitted from remindings for each group. In addition, the deleterious effects of PI were observed when remindings did not occur. Finally, participants were sensitive to the effects of remindings, and there were individual differences in the extent to which remindings could be cognitively-controlled. Together, these findings illuminate the mechanisms underlying age differences in memory performance in PI situations, and potentially inform training regimens aimed at remediating age-related deficits produced by PI.
Download or read book Neural Plasticity and Memory written by Federico Bermudez-Rattoni and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-04-17 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Elements of Cognitive Aging written by Paul Verhaeghen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " ... Provides a quantitative overview of the vast literature on aging and speeded tasks based on a large number of meta-analyses, many of them new to this book. This volume thus brings together, for the first time, almost everything we know about aging and processing speed"--Jacket, page [2].
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging written by Ayanna K. Thomas and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-28 with total page 1019 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decades of research have demonstrated that normal aging is accompanied by cognitive change. Much of this change has been conceptualized as a decline in function. However, age-related changes are not universal, and decrements in older adult performance may be moderated by experience, genetics, and environmental factors. Cognitive aging research to date has also largely emphasized biological changes in the brain, with less evaluation of the range of external contributors to behavioral manifestations of age-related decrements in performance. This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge cognitive aging research through the lens of a life course perspective that takes into account both behavioral and neural changes. Focusing on the fundamental principles that characterize a life course approach - genetics, early life experiences, motivation, emotion, social contexts, and lifestyle interventions - this handbook is an essential resource for researchers in cognition, aging, and gerontology.
Download or read book Aging and Cognition written by T.M. Hess and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1990-10-09 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past two decades, there has been a dramatic increase in interest in the study of aging-related changes in cognitive abilities. In this volume researchers from a variety of theoretical perspectives discuss adult age differences in a wide range of cognitive skills. Of special interest is the extent to which aging effects on performance are related to variations in the representation, organization, and utilization of knowledge, broadly defined. Recent research and theory in the field of aging has emphasized the need to examine such processes more closely in order to provide a more complete understanding of aging effects on cognitive behavior.
Download or read book The Influence of Subjective Value Importance and Interest on Memory and Metacognition in Older and Younger Adults written by Shannon Elizabeth McGillivray and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well documented that memory abilities decline in older adulthood. However, age-related memory deficits may be reduced for information that is more interesting or valuable. Using a variety of unique approaches, the current studies examined whether subjective value and interest impacted memory and metacognitive judgments (i.e., predictions about what one will remember) in older and younger adults in order to better understand mechanisms that enhance memory and metacognitive accuracy. Experiments 1, 2, and 3 utilized a paradigm in which older and younger adults were presented with lists of words, word pairs, or items within specific scenarios. For each item, participants assigned it a value (from 0-10) that was akin to a "bet" on the likelihood it would be remembered. The results indicated that older and younger adults were equally able to remember items assigned higher values, and that accuracy of predictions increased with task experience. Furthermore, when participants were able to rely on semantic knowledge, age-related differences in memory performance were eliminated. Experiments 4 and 5 examined whether subjective interest and curiosity to learn influenced memory and metacognitive predictions in older and younger adults. In Experiments 4 and 5, participants were presented with trivia questions and asked to indicate how "curious" they were to learn the answer, after which they were shown the correct answer. In Experiment 5 participants also provided post-answer interest ratings and predictions of the likelihood the fact would be remembered. After a week delay, older and younger adults were more likely to recall answers to questions initially assigned higher ratings of curiosity and interest. Furthermore, predictions regarding what information would be recalled were highly accurate for both younger and older adults, and were influenced by interest in the material. The results of all of the studies suggest that the ability to recall what one subjectively indicates is more valuable or interesting does not decline during the aging process. Furthermore, both younger and older adults displayed highly accurate insight regarding what information was likely to be remembered or forgotten, and they were able to use this knowledge to strategically maximize goal-related memory outcomes and performance.
Download or read book Effects of Cognitive Demand on Adult Age Differences in Memory for Activities written by Keith Gordon Haley and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Age Differences and Similarities in the Influence of Bias on Memory Performance written by Sandra Hessels and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Age on Neural Correlates of Episodic Encoding and Brain Structure and Their Relation to Cognitive Performance written by Eleanor Liu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Episodic memory – memory for unique personal events – is essential to our daily life. Relative to other forms of memory, episodic memory declines disproportionately with advancing age. One prominent account of such decline proposes a reduction in the efficacy of episodic encoding in older individuals. Numerous studies have employed functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural correlates of episodic encoding in young and older adults with the “subsequent memory procedure”. With this procedure, encoding related neural activity is contrasted based on subsequent memory performance for the study items. These studies have consistently reported that neural activity during encoding is predictive of later memory performance. Such subsequent memory effects (SMEs) take two forms: positive SMEs, where enhanced neural activity is associated with study items later remembered relative to study items that are less well remembered or forgotten; and negative SMEs, that take the opposite pattern. Studies have generally reported age-invariant positive SMEs whereas negative effects tend to be attenuated in older adults. Of importance, neural activity preceding the onset of a study item has also been shown to predict subsequent memory. Few studies have examined the effect of age on such pre-stimulus subsequent memory effects (pre-stimulus SMEs). Experiment 1 (Chapter 2) describes findings on pre-stimulus neural activity in healthy young and older adults. The results revealed age-invariant and age-dependent pre-stimulus SMEs in different brain regions, although age differences were mostly quantitative rather than qualitative. In contrast to prior reports of pre-stimulus SMEs, the effects in the present study were negative in direction. They could reflect allocation of neural resources in preparation of the upcoming study event. The study reported in Chapter 3 combined data from 2 independent experiments to examine age differences in poststimulus SMEs. The 2 regions of a priori interest were the hippocampus and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Positive and negative SMEs were evident in both age groups. Of importance, the hippocampal SMEs were equivalent across age groups; and there was no evidence of age-related right-frontal over-recruitment. There was an age-invariant relationship between hippocampal SMEs and memory performance, suggesting intact hippocampal encoding activity in healthy older adults, and consistent with the notion that hippocampal activity reflects the amount of information encoded. A positive relationship between left IFG SME and memory performance was observed in older adults only. The study in Chapter 4 took an integrated approach to examine the relationship between structural and functional measures, and memory performance in young and older adults. Consistent with the literature, robust age-related decline was evident in hippocampal volume and cortical thickness. Results from an integrated statistical model revealed that hippocampal encoding activity, but not hippocampal volume, was predictive of memory performance in both age groups. On the other hand, cortical thickness negatively correlated with performance in young adults, but positively correlated with performance in older adults. Both cortical thickness and cortical SMEs explained unique variance in memory performance. Of importance, IFG thickness-memory relationships were no longer significant after controlling for global thickness. In conclusion, both pre-stimulus and encoding-related neural activity can be resistant to the effects of age, although the left IFG acts as a ‘bottleneck’ in older adults. Age differences in pre-stimulus SMEs require a nuanced interpretation, rather than appeal to a generic construct. Moreover, age differences appear to be more robust in structural rather than in functional measures. Lastly, the age-dependent cortical thickness-memory relationship was general rather than region-specific.
Download or read book Aging and Cognition written by Eugene A. Lovelace and published by North Holland. This book was released on 1990 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presented in this volume is a discussion of current literature and theoretical issues relating to three aspects of late-life age-related cognitive change. Firstly, evidence regarding aging and the basic mental processes of attention, motor control, memory, language, problem-solving, and intelligence are presented. Secondly, the role of personal traits such as personality and self-efficacy in the aging of cognitive function are developed, along with self-awareness of cognitive processes and age changes in the monitoring of these processes. Thirdly, consideration is given to the study of interventions to delay or remediate the cognitive declines of aging.
Download or read book Distinctiveness and Memory written by R. Reed Hunt and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-06 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research relevant to the topic of distinctiveness and memory dates back over 100 years and boasts a literature of well over 2,000 published articles. Throughout this history, numerous theories of distinctiveness and memory have been offered and subsequently refined. There has, however, never been a book that brings this rich history together with the latest research. This volume is the first to present an historical overview, the results of the current research, and several new theories on distinctiveness and memory. Each chapter contains a review of the relevant literature and latest research on its topic. The book includes sections that cover basic theory and behavioral research on distinctiveness, bizarreness effects, distinctiveness effects on implicit memory, the development of distinctiveness across the lifespan, distinctiveness in social context, and the neuroscience of distinctiveness and memory. In the concluding chapter, Fergus Craik offers his current perspective on distinctiveness and evaluates the various other theories of distinctiveness presented in the volume. Distinctiveness and Memory will be a valuable resource for student and professional researchers in neuroscience and cognitive, developmental, and social psychology.
Download or read book Cognitive Aging written by Denise Park and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As our society ages, the topic of cognitive aging is becoming increasingly important. This volume provides an accessible overview of how the cognitive system changes as a function of normal aging. Building on the successful first edition, this volume provide an even more comprehensive coverage of the major issues affecting memory, attention, language, speech and other aspects of cognitive functioning. The essential chapters from the first edition have been thoroughly revised and updated and new chapters have been introduced which draw in neuroscience studies and more applied topics. In addition, contributors were encouraged to ensure their chapters are accessible to students studying the topic for the first time. This therefore makes the volume appealing as a textbook on senior undergraduate and graduate courses.
