Download or read book Influence of the Attentional Boost Effect on Encoding False Facts in Young Adults written by Kelly Ann Kronemeyer and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study was to further examine the attentional boost effect (ABE) to determine whether target detection during encoding under divided attention (DA) could increase incorrect responses to general knowledge questions. We created a condition in which participants studied a list of words and were then asked general knowledge questions. This resulted in competition between their memories of the studied words (episodic memory) and their knowledge of non-context specific facts (semantic memory). The study included an encoding phase with target-paired and distractor-paired words followed by one of two tests. Participants in the full attention (FA) group were told to study the words but ignore targets and distractors, but participants in the divided attention (DA) group studied words and additionally clicked on the screen when they saw a target while ignoring distractors. Half of the participants in each group completed a cued recall test in which they were asked to recall the words they had seen. The other half of the participants completed a general knowledge test in which they were asked to answer general knowledge questions. Both procedures yielded significant results, one of which being a replication of previous significant findings using verbal materials, in that target-paired words were recalled better than distractor-paired words under DA but not FA. Furthermore, we found a significant novel effect of the ABE in that target-paired words studied under DA were given as incorrect answers to general knowledge questions at a rate higher than that of FA. This finding suggests that semantic and episodic memory interfered with one another in the general knowledge condition and caused higher error rates to occur. This novel finding indicates that the mechanisms of the ABE can cause a conflict between different forms of long term memory. Not only does this add to the growing body of research about the ABE, but provides vital insights into its function, including the risk of increasing errors.
Download or read book New Trends in False Memory Research written by Maria Soledad Beato and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-06-03 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Associative Illusions of Memory written by David Gallo and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last decade has seen a flurry of experimental research into the neurocognitive underpinnings of illusory memories. Using simple materials and tests (e.g., recalling words or pictures), methods such as the famed Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) task have attracted considerable attention. These tasks elicit false memories of nonstudied events that are vivid, long lasting, and difficult to consciously avoid. Additional research shows that these memory illusions are fundamentally related to more complex memory distortions. As a result, this rapidly expanding literature has generated a great deal of excitement - and even some controversy - in contemporary psychology. Associative Illusions of Memory provides an ambitious overview of this research area. Starting with the historical roots and major theoretical trends, this book exhaustively reviews the most recent studies by cognitive psychologists, neuropsychologists, and cognitive neuroscientists. The strengths and limits of various experimental techniques are outlined, and the large body of existing data is meaningfully distilled into a few core theoretical concepts. This book highlights the malleability of memory, as well as the strategies and situations that can help us avoid false memories. Throughout the review, it is argued that these basic memory illusions contribute to a deeper understanding of how human memory works.
Download or read book The Attentional Boost Effect and Related Phenomena New insights Into the Relation Between Attention and Memory written by Clelia Rossi-Arnaud and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-21 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Memories Molecules and Circuits written by B. Bontempi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-24 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume surveys the recent advances and provides an integrative view of molecular, cellular, and systems level mechanisms underlying cognitive processes in both animals and humans. Current and future avenues are discussed by distinguished scientists. They provide an overview of the underlying neurobiology of cognitive processes, and focus on clinical and therapeutic aspects surrounding impairments associated with disorders that affect cognition.
Download or read book Emotional Cognition written by Simon C. Moore and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2002-08-08 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emotional Cognition gives the reader an up to date overview of the current state of emotion and cognition research that is striving for computationally explicit accounts of the relationship between these two domains. Many different areas are covered by some of the leading theorists and researchers in this area and the book crosses a range of domains, from the neurosciences through cognition and formal models to philosophy. Specific chapters consider, amongst other things, the role of emotion in decision-making, the representation and evaluation of emotive events, the relationship of affect on working memory and goal regulation. The emergence of such an integrative, computational, approach in emotion and cognition research is a unique and exciting development, one that will be of interest to established scholars as much as graduate students feeling their way in this area, and applicable to research in applied as well as purely theoretical domains. (Series B)
Download or read book Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging written by Roberto Cabeza and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-24 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until very recently, our knowledge about the neural basis of cognitive aging was based on two disciplines that had very little contact with each other. Whereas the neuroscience of aging investigated the effects of aging on the brain independently of age-related changes in cognition, the cognitive psychology of aging investigated the effects of aging on cognition independently of age-related changes in the brain. The lack of communication between these two disciplines is currently being addressed by an increasing number of studies that focus on the relationships between cognitive aging and cerebral aging. This rapidly growing body of research has come to constitute a new discipline, which may be called cognitive neuroscience of aging. The goal of Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging is to introduce the reader to this new discipline at a level that is useful to both professionals and students in the domains of cognitive neuroscience, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, neuropsychology, neurology, and other, related areas. This book is divided into four main sections. The first section describes noninvasive measures of cerebral aging, including structural (e.g., volumetric MRI), chemical (e.g., dopamine PET), electrophysiological (e.g., ERPs), and hemodynamic (e.g., fMRI), and discusses how they can be linked to behavioral measures of cognitive aging. The second section reviews evidence for the effects of aging on neural activity during different cognitive functions, including perception and attention, imagery, working memory, long-term memory, and prospective memory. The third section focuses on clinical and applied topics, such as the distinction between healthy aging and Alzheimers disease and the use of cognitive training to ameliorate age-related cognitive decline. The last section describes theories that relate cognitive and cerebral aging, including models accounting for functional neuroimaging evidence and models supported by computer simulations. Taken together, the chapters in this volume provide the first unified and comprehensive overview of the new discipline of cognitive neuroscience of aging.
Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Applied Memory written by Timothy J Perfect and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fabulous collection of essays on memory in the real world. The leading scholars have been assembled to produce a volume that is intellectually rich, up-to-date, and truly important. - Elizabeth F. Loftus, Distinguished Professor, University of California, Irvine "An invaluable resource for anyone wishing to access the current state of knowledge of, or contemplating research into, the growing area of applied memory research." - Graham Davies, Editor, Applied Cognitive Psychology The SAGE Handbook of Applied Memory is the first of its kind to focus specifically on this vibrant and progressive field. It offers a broad and comprehensive coverage of recent theoretical and empirical research advances in the psychology of memory as they apply to a range of applied issues, and offers advanced students and researchers the opportunity to survey the literature in the psychology of memory across a range of applied domains. Arranged into four sections: Everyday Memory; Social and Individual Differences in Memory; Subjective Experience of Memory; and Eyewitness Memory, this handbook provides a comprehensive summary and evaluation of scientific memory research as well as theory in a broad range of applied topics including those in cognitive, forensic and experimental psychology. Brought together by world-leading scholars from across the globe, The SAGE Handbook of Applied Memory will be of great interest to all advanced students and academics with an interest in all aspects of applied memory.
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging written by Ayanna K. Thomas and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-28 with total page 1019 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decades of research have demonstrated that normal aging is accompanied by cognitive change. Much of this change has been conceptualized as a decline in function. However, age-related changes are not universal, and decrements in older adult performance may be moderated by experience, genetics, and environmental factors. Cognitive aging research to date has also largely emphasized biological changes in the brain, with less evaluation of the range of external contributors to behavioral manifestations of age-related decrements in performance. This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge cognitive aging research through the lens of a life course perspective that takes into account both behavioral and neural changes. Focusing on the fundamental principles that characterize a life course approach - genetics, early life experiences, motivation, emotion, social contexts, and lifestyle interventions - this handbook is an essential resource for researchers in cognition, aging, and gerontology.
Download or read book The Psychology of Fake News written by Rainer Greifeneder and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-08-13 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the phenomenon of fake news by bringing together leading experts from different fields within psychology and related areas, and explores what has become a prominent feature of public discourse since the first Brexit referendum and the 2016 US election campaign. Dealing with misinformation is important in many areas of daily life, including politics, the marketplace, health communication, journalism, education, and science. In a general climate where facts and misinformation blur, and are intentionally blurred, this book asks what determines whether people accept and share (mis)information, and what can be done to counter misinformation? All three of these aspects need to be understood in the context of online social networks, which have fundamentally changed the way information is produced, consumed, and transmitted. The contributions within this volume summarize the most up-to-date empirical findings, theories, and applications and discuss cutting-edge ideas and future directions of interventions to counter fake news. Also providing guidance on how to handle misinformation in an age of “alternative facts”, this is a fascinating and vital reading for students and academics in psychology, communication, and political science and for professionals including policy makers and journalists.
Download or read book Varieties of Memory and Consciousness written by Henry L. Roediger, III and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These collected essays from leading figures in cognitive psychology represent the latest research and thinking in the field. The volume is organized around four "Endelian" themes: encoding and retrieval processes in memory; the neuropsychology of memory; classificatory systems for memory; and consciousness, emotion, and memory.
Download or read book The Foundations of Remembering written by James S. Nairne and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2011-12-06 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Foundations of Remembering presents a collection of essays written by top memory scholars in honor of Henry L. Roediger III. The chapters were originally delivered as part of the "Roddyfest" conference held in March 2005 to celebrate Purdue University's awarding of an honorary doctor of letters to Roediger in recognition of his many contributions to the field of psychology. Authors were given a simple charge: choose your own topic, but place your work in historical context. Roediger is fascinated by the intellectual lineage of ideas, so addressing historical "foundations" seemed a fitting tribute. The Chapters contained in this volume help to establish the foundations of remembering, circa the first decade of the 21st century, as perceived by some of the leading memory researchers in the world. Not surprisingly, each of the chapters touches on Roediger's research as well, largely because his work has helped to define and clarify many topics of interest to the memory field. The Foundations of Remembering is intended for a wide audience: students, scholars, and anyone interested in exploring the historical and conceptual roots of modern memory theory.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Social Cognition written by Donal E. Carlston and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-09-19 with total page 967 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides a comprehensive review of social cognition, ranging from its history and core research areas to its relationships with other fields. The 43 chapters included are written by eminent researchers in the field of social cognition, and are designed to be understandable and informative to readers with a wide range of backgrounds.
Download or read book Attention and Memory written by Nelson Cowan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1998-01-15 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attention and Memory brings together and assesses past and present research on information processing, to formulate a model of this entire system.
Download or read book Music Health and Wellbeing written by Raymond MacDonald and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2012-02-09 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Music has a universal and timeless potential to influence how we feel, yet, only recently, have researchers begun to explore and understand the positive effects that music can have on our wellbeing.This book brings together research from a number of disciplines to explore the relationship between music, health and wellbeing.
Download or read book Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children.
Download or read book The Science of False Memory written by C. J. Brainerd and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-05-05 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Findings from research on false memory have major implications for a number of fields central to human welfare, such as medicine and law. Although many important conclusions have been reached after a decade or so of intensive research, the majority of them are not well known outside the immediate field. To make this research accessible to a much wider audience, The Science of False Memory has been written to require little or no background knowledge of the theory and techniques used in memory research. Brainerd and Reyna introduce the volume by considering the progenitors to the modern science of false memory, and noting the remarkable degree to which core themes of contemporary research were anticipated by historical figure such as Binet, Piaget, and Bartlett. They continue with an account of the varied methods that have been used to study false memory both inside and outside of the laboratory. The first part of the volume focuses on the basic science of false memory, revolving around three topics: old and new theoretical ideas that have been used to explain false memory and make predictions about it; research findings and predictions about false memory in normal adults; and research findings and predictions about age-related changes in false memory between early childhood and adulthood. Throughout Part I, Brainerd and Reyna emphasize how current opponent-processes conceptions of false memory act as a unifying influence by integrating predictions and data across disparate forms of false memory. The second part focuses on the applied science of false memory, revolving around four topics: the falsifiability of witnesses and suspects memories of crimes, including false confessions by suspects; the falsifiability of eyewitness identifications of suspects; false-memory reports in investigative interviews of child victims and witnesses, particularly in connection with sexual-abuse crimes; false memory in psychotherapy, including recovered memories of childhood abuse, multiple-personality disorders, and recovered memories of previous lives. Although Part II is concerned with applied research, Brainerd and Reyna continue to emphasize the unifying influence of opponent-processes conceptions of false memory. The third part focuses on emerging trends, revolving around three expanding areas of false-memory research: mathematical models, aging effects, and cognitive neuroscience. False Memory will be an invaluable resource for professional researchers, practitioners, and students in the many fields for which false-memory research has implications, including child-protective services, clinical psychology, law, criminal justice, elementary and secondary education, general medicine, journalism, and psychiatry.
