Download or read book The Influence of Equatorial Rossby Waves on the Flow Convection and Tropical Cyclones Over the Australian Tropics and Southeastern Indonesia written by Joan Patricia Fernon and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examines Equatorial Rossby Waves (ERWs) and their modulation of the low to middle level flow, convection and tropical cyclogenesis associated with the passage of over northern Australia, southeastern Indonesia and adjoining waters during the Austral summer wet season. ERWs are equatorially trapped, convectively coupled, westward propagating waves, which are symmetric about the equator. In the Southern Hemisphere the enhanced (suppressed) convective phase of these waves is associated with northwesterly (southeasterly) low to middle level wind anomalies. In the western Pacific, in the absence of dominating low to middle level easterly flow, ERWs manifest themselves as twin cyclonic circulations on either side of the equator. In this thesis ERWs are identified using 9.7 to 48 day band pass filtered outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) data. Nine strong ERW events, and also thirteen tropical cyclone (TC) genesis events where the initial circulation formed in the Banda Sea, are investigated using a case study and compositing approach. Principal component analysis was employed to investigate all Austral wet season ERW events from January 1979 to 30 April 2011. These data indicated that on average there were 11 ERW events moving through Australian longitudes each wet season. Conclusions reached in this thesis are based on the two sets of events/case studies and the principle component analysis.Analysis of the data over Australian longitudes indicates that there are two classes of ERW events, in which both the propagation of the ERWs and the modulation of the flow, convection and TC genesis differ. These classes are associated with the pre-existing synoptic situation over the region. The first class is characterised by a pre-existing monsoon trough. Four of the nine case studies fall into this class, the remaining five case studies fall into the second class. This class is characterised by a pre-existing, near equatorial trough and easterly low to middle level mean flow extending southward over northern Australia. For the first class of ERW event the focus of enhanced convection and precipitation is over northern Australia and the Coral Sea with the monsoon trough moving south and the flow to its north strengthening and becoming more northerly. Pre-existing circulations within the trough can intensify or new circulations can form. These circulations sometimes reach tropical cyclone intensity. Over the northern Australian, southeastern Indonesian region during the mid wet season months of January through March the monsoon trough is the persistent synoptic feature. Hence over this region during these months most ERW events fall into the first class of event. During these months ERWs propagate to the southwest and tend to weaken. They have an average wave length of 6090km, with an average westward ground based phase speed of 4.4ms-1. For the second class of ERW event a typical scenario occurs when the Southern Hemisphere member of the ERW twin moves westward from the Pacific basin and loses its structure as it traverses the Papua New Guinea (PNG) highlands then rapidly reforms to the west of PNG, thus initiating the formation of the monsoon trough to the north of Australia. In individual events the subsequent development and movement of this system and the trough affect the deep layer flow and precipitation over northern Australia and southeastern Indonesia. In a number of scenarios investigated in this thesis the circulation reached tropical cyclone intensity. In these scenarios the system initially moved to the west and then generally recurved towards the southeast, making landfall on the northwest Australian coast.During the early and late wet season months of November, December and April the near equatorial trough is the typical synoptic situation, so most ERW events fall into the second class of event. During these months ERWs have an average wave length of 6570km, with an average westward phase speed of 4.8ms-1. On average during these months ERWs propagate parallel to the equator and maintain their strength as they move through Australian/Indonesian longitudes.ERWs were found to modulate tropical cyclogenesis (TC genesis) over the Australian/eastern Indonesian region. During the mid wet season months ERWs modulate TC genesis in the east and central parts of the region and in far west. During the early and late wet season ERWs modulate TC genesis in the central parts of the region.Thirteen TCs were found to have initially formed as circulations in the Banda Sea. Eleven of these systems formed in the early or late wet season. The initial formation and movement of each of these eleven systems were intimately associated with the passage of active ERW phases. Subsequent to their initial formation as cyclonic circulations most of the thirteen systems rapidly intensified to tropical cyclone strength and beyond in a favourable environment provided by an active phase of a Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO). These systems can bring severe weather to the eastern Indonesian Archipelago with heavy rainfall and landslides due to steep topography and very deep soil profiles.
Download or read book Influence of Equatorial Rossby Waves on Tropical Cyclogensis in the Western Pacific written by Kelly Lombardo and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Remote Impacts of a Western Pacific Tropical Cyclone written by Craig E. Jakus and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The short term teleconnections arising from an individual tropical cyclone in tne western Pacific (typhoon Seth, October 1994) were examined using an operational global data assimilation system and numerical weather prediction model. During the data assimilation, the model's initial conditions were modified using a tropical cyclone bogusing procedure that either maintained or eliminated the individual storm. These different initial conditions were used in six extended-range forecasts of about 3.5 weeks duration. Three of these forecasts simulated the atmosphere with tne tropical cyclone and three without the storm. The ensemble average differences between the forecasts with the storm and those without it were used to infer the global teleconnection response to the tropical cyclone. This response was dominated by a strong and persistent Rossby wave train that extended from east Asia across the North Pacific into North America. This wave train was initiated when an anticyclonic circulation formed near Japan as the tropical cyclone approached the east Asian jet. The anticyclone formation was primarily the result of two factors: (1) vortex stretching; and (2) absolute vorticity advection as divergent outflow from the tropical cyclone crossed the large absolute vorticity gradient of the east Asian jet. The wave response was quasi-stationary. However, the basic wave train (i.e., the teleconnection pattern) developed within a week due to a relatively rapid eastward propagation of wave energy across the North Pacific and North America. In regions of strong jet flow, this propagation tended to parallel the flow while in regions of weaker flow, the propagation had stronger poleward or equatorward components. The wave train intensified well after the tropical cyclone and the initial wave formation process had dissipated.
Download or read book The Role of the General Circulation in Western Pacific Tropical Cyclone Genesis written by Geoff Love and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Equatorial Rossby Waves in Tropical Cyclogenesis written by Jeffrey S. Gall and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Equatorial Rossby Waves and Twin Tropical Cyclogenesis written by Carl J. Schreck and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Storm and Cloud Dynamics written by William R. Cotton and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-12-21 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Storm and Cloud Dynamics focuses on the dynamics of clouds and of precipitating mesoscale meteorological systems. Clouds and precipitating mesoscale systems represent some of the most important and scientifically exciting weather systems in the world. These are the systems that produce torrential rains, severe winds including downburst and tornadoes, hail, thunder and lightning, and major snow storms. Forecasting such storms represents a major challenge since they are too small to be adequately resolved by conventional observing networks and numerical prediction models. Provides a complete treatment of clouds integrating the analysis of air motions with cloud structure, microphysics, and precipitation mechanics Describes and explains the basic types of clouds and cloud systems that occur in the atmosphere-fog, stratus, stratocumulus, altocumulus, altostratus, cirrus, thunderstorms, tornadoes, waterspouts, orographically induced clouds, mesoscale convection complexes, hurricanes, fronts, and extratropical cyclones Summarizes the fundamentals, both observational and theoretical, of atmospheric dynamics, thermodynamics, cloud microphysics, and radar meteorology, allowing each type of cloud to be examined in depth Integrates the latest field observations, numerical model simulations, and theory Supplies a theoretical treatment suitable for the advanced undergraduate or graduate level, as well as post-graduate
Download or read book A Multi scale Analysis of Tropical Cyclogenesis Within the Critical Layer of Tropical Easterly Waves in the Atlantic and Western North Pacific Sectors written by Louis L. Lussier and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A newly proposed tropical cyclogenesis sequence that describes the transition of a tropical wave's critical layer to a tropical cyclone is used to examine two formation cases in the western North Pacific basin. Typhoon Nuri (2008), formed from a precursor easterly wave during the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 field experiment, and Typhoon Man-yi (2007), formed within an equatorial Rossby wave as it interacted with a monsoon trough. In each case, i) the critical layer of the parent wave protects a proto-vortex from an external hostile environment and allows it to strengthen until it becomes a self-sustained entity and ii) the intersection between the wave trough and critical latitude, within the Kelvin cat's eye, is the preferred location for tropical cyclogenesis. Numerical simulations suggest that the so-called "bottom-up" pathway to tropical cyclogenesis is favored within Typhoon Man-yi's critical layer. Additionally, Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) composite analyses of 55 developing easterly waves indicate that as genesis approaches, i) convection is favored in the Kelvin cat's eye circulation, ii) the convective contribution to total rain rate becomes dominant, iii) the radius of maximum convection decreases, and iv) a convective-type heating profile is present. These findings support the "bottom-up" development model within easterly wave critical layers.
Download or read book Origins and predictability of the intraseasonal to interannual variabilities of regional climate written by Zhiwei Zhu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-01-13 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Associations Between West Pacific Equatorial Zonal Winds and East Pacific Sst Anomalies written by Christopher C. Collimore and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book El Ni o Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate written by Michael J. McPhaden and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-11-24 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive and up-to-date information on Earth’s most dominant year-to-year climate variation The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean has major worldwide social and economic consequences through its global scale effects on atmospheric and oceanic circulation, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and other natural systems. Ongoing climate change is projected to significantly alter ENSO's dynamics and impacts. El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate presents the latest theories, models, and observations, and explores the challenges of forecasting ENSO as the climate continues to change. Volume highlights include: Historical background on ENSO and its societal consequences Review of key El Niño (ENSO warm phase) and La Niña (ENSO cold phase) characteristics Mathematical description of the underlying physical processes that generate ENSO variations Conceptual framework for understanding ENSO changes on decadal and longer time scales, including the response to greenhouse gas forcing ENSO impacts on extreme ocean, weather, and climate events, including tropical cyclones, and how ENSO affects fisheries and the global carbon cycle Advances in modeling, paleo-reconstructions, and operational climate forecasting Future projections of ENSO and its impacts Factors influencing ENSO events, such as inter-basin climate interactions and volcanic eruptions The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the editors.
Download or read book The Oceanic Response to Atmospheric Forcing in the Western Equatorial Pacific written by Qian Zhang and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Perspectives On Tropical Cyclones From Science To Mitigation written by Johnny C L Chan and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010-04-30 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a completely rewritten, updated and expanded new edition of the original Global Perspectives on Tropical Cyclones published in 1995. It presents a comprehensive review of the state of science and forecasting of tropical cyclones together with the application of this science to disaster mitigation, hence the tag: From Science to Mitigation.Since the previous volume, enormous progress in understanding tropical cyclones has been achieved. These advances range from the theoretical through to ever more sophisticated computer modeling, all underpinned by a vast and growing range of observations from airborne, space and ocean observation platforms. The growth in observational capability is reflected by the inclusion of three new chapters on this topic. The chapter on the effects of climate change on tropical cyclone activity is also new, and appropriate given the recent intense debate on this issue. The advances in the understanding of tropical cyclones which have led to significant improvements in forecasting track, intensity, rainfall and storm surge, are reviewed in detail over three chapters. For the first time, a chapter on seasonal prediction is included. The book concludes with an important chapter on disaster mitigation, which is timely given the enormous loss of life in recent tropical cyclone disasters.World Scientific Series on Asia-Pacific Weather and Climate is indexed in SCOPUS.
Download or read book Hydrodynamics of the Equatorial Ocean written by J.C.J. Nihoul and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1983-05-01 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrodynamics of the Equatorial Ocean
Download or read book Short Term Teleconnections Associated with Western Pacific Tropical Cyclones written by Cory A. Springer and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The short term teleconnections arising from an individual tropical cyclone in the western Pacific were examined using a global operational data assimilation system and forecast model. In the data assimilation, the tropical cyclone was modified using a tropical cyclone bogusing procedure that other maintained the storm in, or eliminated the storm from, the model's initial conditions. These different initial conditions were used as the initial fields for several 20 day runs of the forecast model. These runs were used to simulate the global atmosphere with and without the tropical cyclone. The differences between these simulations were used to infer the global teleconnection response to the tropical cyclone. This response was dominated by a strong, quasi- stationary Rossby wave train that extended from east Asia across the North Pacific into North America. This wave train was initiated when an anticyclonic circulation formed near Japan as the tropical cyclone approached the east Asian jet. The anticyclone formation was primarily the result of the absolute vorticity advection by the divergent wind and vortex stretching (i.e., the Rossby wave source) associated with the tropical cyclone. The wave response continued to develop after this wave source, and the tropical cyclone itself, dissipated. This development was clearly seen in the growth and eastward propagation of Rossby wave energy across the mid latitude North Pacific and North America. The growth tended to be greater near areas of potential barotropic instability along the North Pacific jet, while the propagation tended to occur parallel to the jet.
Download or read book Global Perspectives on Tropical Cyclones written by Johnny C. L. Chan and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pt. I. Theory of tropical cyclones. ch. 1. Tropical cyclone structure and dynamics / Jeffrey D. Kepert. ch. 2. Tropical cyclone formation / Kevin J. Tory and William M. Frank. ch. 3. Air-sea interactions in tropical cyclones / Lynn K. Shay. ch. 4. Movement of tropical cyclones / Johnny C.L. Chan. ch. 5. The extratropical transition of tropical cyclones : structural characteristics, downstream impacts, and forecast challenges / Patrick A. Harr -- pt. II. Observations of tropical cyclones. ch. 6. Observing and analyzing the near-surface wind field in tropical cyclones / Mark D. Powell. ch. 7. Satellite observations of tropical cyclones / Christopher Velden and Jeffrey Hawkins. ch. 8. Aircraft observations of tropical cyclones / Sim D. Aberson [und weitere] -- pt. III. Climate variations of tropical cyclone activity. ch. 9. Tropical cyclones and climate change : a review / Thomas Knutson, Chris Landsea and Kerry Emanuel -- pt. IV. Forecasting of tropical cyclones. ch. 10. Track and structure forecasts of tropical cyclones / Julian Heming and Jim Goerss. ch. 11. The influence of natural climate variability on tropical cyclones, and seasonal forecasts of tropical cyclone activity / Suzana J. Camargo [und weitere] -- pt. V. Hydrological aspects of tropical cyclones. ch. 12. Storm surge modeling and applications in coastal areas / Shishir K. Dube [und weitere] -- pt. VI. Societal impacts of tropical cyclones. ch. 13. Disaster mitigation and societal impacts / David King, Jim Davidson and Linda Anderson-Berry
Download or read book Interacting Climates of Ocean Basins written by Carlos R. Mechoso and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-26 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of interactions between the climates of different ocean basins and their key contributions to global climate variability and change. Providing essential theory and discussing outstanding examples as well as impacts on monsoons, it a useful resource for graduate students and researchers in the atmospheric and ocean sciences.
