Download or read book Individual Variability in Activity Patterns of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar written by Cindy Breau and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To describe the activity patterns of juvenile Atlantic salmon, I monitored the behaviour of 35 age-0+ (emerged from gravel in the spring) and eight age-1+ (emerged from gravel in the spring of the previous year) fish over an eight-week-summer field season. Active fish were visible on their home range whereas inactive fish were assumed to be sheltering. My data were consistent with the prediction of the Asset Protection Principle that larger individuals will take fewer chances in order to reduce risk of predation. Indeed, 1+ fish (larger and older) were more active at night than during the day, whereas 0+ fish were almost exclusively active during the day. In contrast to my expectations, however, daytime activity did not peak at the optimal water temperature of 17°C found in laboratory studies of other populations. Rather, the activity of 1+ fish peaked at 20.7°C, whereas the activity of 0+ fish continued to increase until 23°C and then leveled off between 23-27°C. Once individuals were active, season and light intensity were the variables that most influenced their foraging rate. There was considerable individual variability within an age-class in how fish responded to environmental variables. The causes of this individual variability and the consequences for growth deserve further study.
Download or read book Habitat Variability and the Individual Variability of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar written by Mathieu Roy and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Within and among individual variation in metabolic rate in juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar written by Karen J. Millidine and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animals may adopt a range of energy strategies to persist and perhaps prosper under various prevailing environmental conditions. For example, they may achieve similar growth by investing heavily in maintaining a high capacity food capture and processing system or by using a lower capacity system that is cheap to run but which is less effective at accruing further resources. The way that individuals within species allocate energy resources is an intriguing issue that has implications for understanding competition, population structuring and the response of populations to environmental change. Energy budgets account quantitatively for the pathways by which food energy results in variation in somatic resources and constitute an important basis for evaluating links between behaviour and aspects of performance. Atlantic salmon have been an important model for exploring relationships between growth performance, metabolic strategies and individual behaviour. Juvenile salmonid fish have been a particularly useful subject for exploring individual variation in metabolism because it has been possible to relate standard metabolic rate (SMR) to behavioural traits and lifestyle within a species. SMR correlates with dominance status, which is reflected in the ability of fish to access high value food patches and may promote faster growth under some conditions. This thesis focuses on the within- and among-individual variation in SMR and looks at how a fishÂ's external environment and social interactions can influence its SMR, and whether this variation in SMR can affect other aspects of metabolism such as feeding. Experiments were carried out to determine: (A) whether the presence of a shelter reduces SMR; this may provide an additional reason for the extent to which these fish will compete aggressively for shelters when these are limiting (Chapter 2); (B) the extent of intraspecific variation in SDA (i.e. differences in the measured parameters that are used to define SDA), and to test whether the SDA for a given meal varies as a function of individual traits such as SMR. If SMR is directly related to scope for growth, then the speed and size of the SDA response should also correlate with SMR (Chapter 3); (C) whether ventilation rate is sufficiently accurately related to metabolic rate (MR) at a range of temperatures and activities so as to allow energy expenditure to be predicted outside a respirometer (Chapter 4); and (D) how visual isolation and the presence of a conspecific can affect SMR, using the method developed in the previous chapter (Chapter 5). Access to shelter was shown to have a significant impact on SMR, producing on average a 30% increase in metabolic costs in the absence of shelter. Therefore, the presence of appropriate shelter not only reduces the risk of predation but also provides a metabolic benefit to fish that is likely to have implications for growth performance and activity budgets. Variation in SMR was shown to affect the profile of energy consumption during digestion of a meal. The peak in post-prandial oxygen consumption, the duration of elevated metabolism and the overall magnitude of SDA all increased with the size of meal consumed. However, for a given meal size, fish with a higher SMR also had a higher peak and greater magnitude of SDA, yet experienced a shorter duration over which metabolism was elevated following the meal. Intraspecific variation in SMR is thus linked to variation in digestive strategies, although the costs and benefits of a given SMR are likely to vary with resource availability and predictability. Ventilation frequency was shown to be a good correlate of MR, since MR was found to correlate strongly with VR in all fish tested, at all temperatures and the relationship was independent of causal factor. The relationship was linear, and both the slope and corresponding intercept of the regression equation were strongly dependent on the fishÂ's body weight and the test temperature. Visual measurements of VR may therefore provide a highly accurate, cheap and non-invasive method of measuring the energy consumption of fish engaged in natural behaviours. Comparing SMR of individual fish when alone with response to presence and absence of physical shelters showed that all fish exhibited a reduction in SMR when provided with an appropriate shelter. However, when grouped, there were both positive and negative group effects on SMR depending on the relative size of fish. The consequences are that, although the group effect on SMR may be small on average, at the population level it is large, of variable sign and profoundly important in terms of the overall energy budget at the individual level. This thesis therefore shows that metabolic rates can vary extensively within as well as between individuals, depending on the context, and this variation will have profound effects on overall energy budgets.
Download or read book Atlantic Salmon Ecology written by Øystein Aas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-05 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Atlantic salmon is one of the most prized and exploited species worldwide, being at the centre of a massive sports fishing industry and increasingly as the major farmed species in many countries worldwide. Atlantic Salmon Ecology is a landmark publication, both scientifically important and visually attractive. Comprehensively covering all major aspects of the relationship of the Atlantic salmon with its environment, chapters include details of migration and dispersal, reproduction, habitat requirements, feeding, growth rates, competition, predation, parasitsm, population dynamics, effects of landscape use, hydro power development, climate change, and exploitation. The book closes with a summary and look at possible future research directions. Backed by the Norwegian Research Council and with editors and contributors widely known and respected, Atlantic Salmon Ecology is an essential purchase for all those working with this species, including fisheries scientists and managers, fish biologists, ecologists, physiologists, environmental biologists and aquatic scientists, fish and wildlife department personnel and regulatory bodies. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught should have copies of this important publication. Comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of Atlantic Salmon Atlantic Salmon is one of the world's most commercially important species Backed by the Norwegian Research Council Experienced editor and internationally respected contributors
Download or read book Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout written by Bror Jonsson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-03 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Destruction of habitat is the major cause for loss of biodiversity including variation in life history and habitat ecology. Each species and population adapts to its environment, adaptations visible in morphology, ecology, behaviour, physiology and genetics. Here, the authors present the population ecology of Atlantic salmon and brown trout and how it is influenced by the environment in terms of growth, migration, spawning and recruitment. Salmonids appeared as freshwater fish some 50 million years ago. Atlantic salmon and brown trout evolved in the Atlantic basin, Atlantic salmon in North America and Europe, brown trout in Europe, Northern Africa and Western Asia. The species live in small streams as well as large rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal seas and oceans, with brown trout better adapted to small streams and less well adapted to feeding in the ocean than Atlantic salmon. Smolt and adult sizes and longevity are constrained by habitat conditions of populations spawning in small streams. Feeding, wintering and spawning opportunities influence migratory versus resident lifestyles, while the growth rate influences egg size and number, age at maturity, reproductive success and longevity. Further, early experiences influence later performance. For instance, juvenile behaviour influences adult homing, competition for spawning habitat, partner finding and predator avoidance. The abundance of wild Atlantic salmon populations has declined in recent years; climate change and escaped farmed salmon are major threats. The climate influences through changes in temperature and flow, while escaped farmed salmon do so through ecological competition, interbreeding and the spreading of contagious diseases. The authors pinpoint essential problems and offer suggestions as to how they can be reduced. In this context, population enhancement, habitat restoration and management are also discussed. The text closes with a presentation of what the authors view as major scientific challenges in ecological research on these species.
Download or read book Salmonid Fisheries written by Paul Kemp and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-13 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salmonid Fisheries is a landmark publication, concentrating on river management, habitat restoration and rehabilitation, disseminating lessons learnt in relation to the intensively studied salmonids that are applicable to future interventions, not just for salmonid species but for other non-salmonid species, biota and ecosystems. The contents of this book are the product of the Atlantic Salmon Trust’s 40th Anniversary Conference, held in association with the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust. Drawing together carefully-edited contributions from many of the world leaders in river restoration from academia, commercial management and government agencies, this important book highlights the need to view river management from the context of the catchment and to adopt an ecosystem-based approach to restoration. The book is broadly divided into two sections which discuss first, the status of current understanding concerning the relationship between lotic habitat management, the response of salmonid fisheries and the theory of river restoration, and secondly, the application of this to habitat management and river restoration. Salmonid Fisheries is an extremely valuable work of reference for fisheries managers, ecologists, environmental scientists, fish biologists, conservation biologists and geomorphologists. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where biological and earth sciences, and fisheries management are studied or taught should have copies of this book on their shelves. Contributions from a wide range of well known experts Published in association with the Atlantic Salmon Trust Habitat management is crucial for dwindling wild salmon populations Of great importance to aquatic ecologists and fisheries managers
Download or read book Aquatic Telemetry written by Eva B. Thorstad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a selection of the most significant papers presented at the Fourth Conference on Fish Telemetry in Europe, in Trondheim, Norway, in 2001. Papers are focused on migratory patterns and habitat utilisation, social behaviour, physiological ecology, fisheries management, effects of human impact on fish populations, aquaculture and methodology, and new technology. This book is aimed at scientists and engineers actively involved in aquatic telemetry projects, aquatic biologists (marine and freshwater), fisheries biologists and managers.
Download or read book Seasonal growth patterns of wild juvenile fish written by P J (Phil) Bacon and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Production of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar in Natural Waters written by National Research Council Canada and published by NRC Research Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up-to-date information, knowledge and research in progress in scientific fields related to natural production of juvenile Atlantic salmon and some other ecologically similar fluvial salmonids is contained in the 25 papers and 12 abstracts contained in this publication, which were prepared for an international symposium held in St. John's, Newfoundland. Studies relate to stream ecology, invertebrates and predators, habitat improvement, competitive effects, behaviour and dispersal, habitat and production of juvenile salmon, population dynamics and relationships of juvenile salmon estimates to smolt yields. A list of participants at the conference is also provided.
Download or read book Marine Freshwater Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ecophysiology Behaviour and Movement Patterns of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar During Elevated Water Temperatures and the Importance of Cool Water Sites written by Cindy Breau and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Individual Growth Variability in Farmed Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar L written by Kathleen Fiona Cubitt and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Habitat Dependence of Population Abundance and Variability in Juvenile Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar microform written by André J. (André Joseph) Talbot and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction to Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling for Ecological Data written by Eric Parent and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-08-21 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making statistical modeling and inference more accessible to ecologists and related scientists, Introduction to Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling for Ecological Data gives readers a flexible and effective framework to learn about complex ecological processes from various sources of data. It also helps readers get started on building their own statistical models. The text begins with simple models that progressively become more complex and realistic through explanatory covariates and intermediate hidden states variables. When fitting the models to data, the authors gradually present the concepts and techniques of the Bayesian paradigm from a practical point of view using real case studies. They emphasize how hierarchical Bayesian modeling supports multidimensional models involving complex interactions between parameters and latent variables. Data sets, exercises, and R and WinBUGS codes are available on the authors’ website. This book shows how Bayesian statistical modeling provides an intuitive way to organize data, test ideas, investigate competing hypotheses, and assess degrees of confidence of predictions. It also illustrates how conditional reasoning can dismantle a complex reality into more understandable pieces. As conditional reasoning is intimately linked with Bayesian thinking, considering hierarchical models within the Bayesian setting offers a unified and coherent framework for modeling, estimation, and prediction.
Download or read book Intraspecific Variation in the Metabolism of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar and Northern Pike Esox Lucius written by Liam Dominic Simms and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Animal Welfare Volume I Animal Welfare in Aquaculture Physiological Basis and Recent Findings written by Marce Herrera and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-01-03 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
