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Book Incorporation of Selection for Reproductive Condition Marketability and Survival Into a Breeding Strategy for Sydney Rock Oysters and Pacific Oysters

Download or read book Incorporation of Selection for Reproductive Condition Marketability and Survival Into a Breeding Strategy for Sydney Rock Oysters and Pacific Oysters written by Peter Kube and published by . This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Development Evaluation and Application of a Mixed family Selective Breeding Method for the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas

Download or read book Development Evaluation and Application of a Mixed family Selective Breeding Method for the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas written by Sean Erik Matson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation develops mixed family selection for Pacific oysters using marker-based pedigree reconstruction. It focuses on improving the efficiency of parentage assignment, determining the optimum life stage to mix oyster families for rearing and selection, comparing mixed-family and separate-family selective breeding in the field, and applying the mixed method to estimate the heritability of shell shape. We developed novel computer software, P-LOCI (available at http://marineresearch.oregonstate.edu/genetics/PLOCI.html), which identifies the most efficient set of codominant markers for assigning parentage, accounting for marker linkage, mating design, null alleles and genotyping error, and found that the most efficient group of loci for assignment is not necessarily comprised of the top individually ranked loci, or best for all populations. We determined the optimum time to mix oyster families for rearing and selection in the field; overall, planting size is the most prudent time to mix families for MFS, due to high variability in family representation produced during larval and nursery stages. Mixing families at stages earlier than this for selection on field traits would require pre-planting genotyping of large samples for estimation of initial family representation, which would add substantial cost, or other special considerations. Rearing mixed family groups of oysters in the field yielded very similar results to rearing the same families separately, (r = 0.817 for two-site average individual weight at harvest), demonstrating it is unlikely associative effects are of great importance in the Pacific oyster. Our results show that the mixed method was well-suited for individual traits and walk-back selection, but would incur higher costs than the separate method to estimate survival with lower precision. Finally, we utilized the mixed method to estimate the heritability of shell shape using midparent-offspring regression; we estimated shell depth heritability as 0.404 ± 0.14 and shell width as 0.287 ± 0.11, nearly equal to the only other study for the Pacific oyster, demonstrating potential for selective breeding on these traits in this U.S. population, and similar results between methods. Overall, we found that mixed-family rearing is viable for Pacific oyster breeding, given some important restrictions.

Book New Technologies to Improve Sydney Rock Oyster Breeding and Production

Download or read book New Technologies to Improve Sydney Rock Oyster Breeding and Production written by Michael Dove and published by . This book was released on 2020-01-09 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Selective Breeding of Pacific Oysters

Download or read book Selective Breeding of Pacific Oysters written by Peter A. Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Accelerated Sydney Rock Oyster SRO Breeding Research

Download or read book Accelerated Sydney Rock Oyster SRO Breeding Research written by Michael Dove and published by . This book was released on 2019-11-20 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Identification of Candidate Genes for Survival and Their Use in Predicting Field Performance of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas Families in Coastal Waters

Download or read book Identification of Candidate Genes for Survival and Their Use in Predicting Field Performance of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas Families in Coastal Waters written by Robert Paul Lang and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summer mortality of farmed Pacific oysters causes financial losses for shellfish growers, and selective breeding to improve survival of offspring is a promising way to reduce losses. This dissertation has two objectives to assist the development of tools for use in selective breeding programs. Objective 1: Identify candidate genes for selection and use in predictive assays by examining the transcriptome response to heat shock in gill of heat-shocked (40°C, 1 h) oysters and comparing gene transcription between families with high (>65%) or low (

Book Introgression Between Wild and Selectively bred Sydney Rock Oysters Saccostrea Glomerata

Download or read book Introgression Between Wild and Selectively bred Sydney Rock Oysters Saccostrea Glomerata written by Jessica Ann Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oysters provide vital ecosystem services for coastal ecosystems worldwide. Sydney rock oysters (Saccostrea glomerata) are among the most important native Australian oysters. In 1990, a selective breeding program for faster growth rates was implemented for S. glomerata. This has since expanded to include breeding for resistance to winter mortality and QX disease. Selectively-bred oysters are currently farmed in estuaries containing wild oyster populations, providing the opportunity for interbreeding that could alter the genetic variability and structure of the wild populations. Here, we use next-generation genotype by-sequencing to investigate the genetic structures of wild populations and the selectively bred B2 line of S. glomerata. These data are used to test for genetic introgression between the populations at two sites in the Georges River, an estuary in Sydney where selectively bred oysters have been farmed since 1990. Strong genetic partitioning was identified between wild and selectively-bred populations and there was no evidence of sustained gene flow in the form of introgression. Contrary to our expectations, we found significantly higher levels of genetic diversity and heterozygosity in the selectively-bred population than the wild population. These results potentially reflect the impact of population bottlenecks and are relevant to the resilience of this species to environmental change.

Book Enhancement of the Pacific Oyster Selective Breeding Program

Download or read book Enhancement of the Pacific Oyster Selective Breeding Program written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Industry Management and Commercialisatoin of the Sydney Rock Oyster Breeding Program

Download or read book Industry Management and Commercialisatoin of the Sydney Rock Oyster Breeding Program written by Ray Tynan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Hatchery Culture of Bivalves

Download or read book Hatchery Culture of Bivalves written by Michael M. Helm and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2004 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual is a synthesis of current methodologies pertinent to the intensive hatchery culture of bivalve molluscs. It encompasses both the similarities and differences in approach in rearing clams, oysters and scallops in different climatic zones. All aspects of the culture process are described, together with basic considerations in choosing a site for hatchery development and in the design of a suitable facility. It also includes the post-hatchery handling of larvae in remote setting and also of spat in both land- and sea-based nurseries. This document is intended to assist both technicians entering the field as well as entrepreneurs researching investment opportunities in bivalve culture.

Book Identification of Optimal Broodstock for Pacific Northwest Oysters

Download or read book Identification of Optimal Broodstock for Pacific Northwest Oysters written by David A. Stick and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States Pacific Northwest is well known for its shellfish farming. Historically, commercial harvests were dominated by the native Olympia oyster, Ostrea lurida, but over-exploitation, habitat degradation, and competition and predation by non-native species has drastically depleted their densities and extirpated many local populations. As a result, shellfish aquaculture production has shifted to the introduced Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. An underlying objective of this dissertation is the use of molecular genetics to improve our ability to accurately identifying optimal oyster broodstock for either restoration of Olympia oysters or farming of Pacific oysters. The ecological benefits provided by oysters as well as the Olympia oyster's historical significance, has motivated numerous restoration/supplementation efforts but these efforts are proceeding without a clear understanding of the genetic structure among extant populations, which could be substantial as a consequence of limited dispersal, local adaptation and/or anthropogenic impacts. To facilitate this understanding, we isolated and characterized 19 polymorphic microsatellites and used 8 of these to study the genetic structure of 2,712 individuals collected from 25 remnant Olympia oyster populations between the northern tip of Vancouver Island BC and Elkhorn Slough CA. Gene flow among geographically separated extant Olympia oyster populations is surprisingly limited for a marine invertebrate species whose free-swimming larvae are capable of planktonic dispersal as long as favorable water conditions exist. We found a significant correlation between geographic and genetic distances supporting the premise that coastal populations are isolated by distance. Genetic structure among remnant populations was not limited to broad geographic regions but was also present at sub-regional scales in both Puget Sound WA and San Francisco Bay CA. Until it can be determined whether genetically differentiated O. lurida populations are locally adapted, restoration projects and resource managers should be cautious of random mixing or transplantation of stocks where gene flow is restricted. As we transition from our Olympia oyster population analysis to our Pacific oyster quantitative analysis, we recognize that traditional quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping strategies use crosses among inbred lines to create segregating populations. Unfortunately, even low levels of inbreeding in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) can substantially depress economically important quantitative traits such as yield and survival, potentially complicating subsequent QTL analyses. To circumvent this problem, we constructed an integrated linkage map for Pacific oysters, consisting of 65 microsatellite (18 of which were previously unmapped) and 212 AFLP markers using a full-sib cross between phenotypically differentiated outbred families. We identified 10 linkage groups (LG1-LG10) spanning 710.48 cM, with an average genomic coverage of 91.39% and an average distance between markers of 2.62 cM. Average marker saturation was 27.7 per linkage group, ranging between 19 (LG9) and 36 markers (LG3). Using this map we identified 12 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and 5 potential QTLs in the F1 outcross population of 236 full-sib Pacific oysters for four growth-related morphometric measures, including individual wet live weight, shell length, shell width and shell depth measured at four post-fertilization time points: plant-out (average age of 140 days), first year interim (average age of 358 days), second year interim (average age of 644 days) and harvest (average age of 950 days). Mapped QTLs and potential QTLs accounted for an average of 11.2% of the total phenotypic variation and ranged between 2.1 and 33.1%. Although QTL or potential QTL were mapped to all Pacific oyster linkage groups with the exception of LG2, LG8 and LG9, three groups (LG4, LG10 and LG5) were associated with three or more QTL or potential QTL. We conclude that alleles accounting for a significant proportion of the total phenotypic variation for morphometric measures that influence harvest yield remain segregating within the broodstock of West Coast Pacific oyster selective breeding programs.