Download or read book incomplete enforcement of pullution regulation written by Hua Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Incomplete Enforcement of Pollution Regulation written by Hua Wang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In dealing with local environmental authorities, Chinese firms facing adverse financial situations have more bargaining power than other firms, while those generating more complaints from the public about their emissions have less. Only a small number of studies have empirically examined the determinants of the monitoring and enforcement performed by environmental regulators, and most of these have focused on industrial countries. In contrast, Wang, Mamingi, Laplante, and Dasgupta empirically examine the determinants of enforcement in China. More precisely, they analyze the determinants of firms' relative bargaining power with local environmental authorities with respect to the enforcement of pollution charges.The authors show that private sector firms appear to have less bargaining power than state-owned enterprises. Contrary to earlier findings, they also show that firms facing adverse financial situations have more bargaining power than other firms and are more likely to pay smaller pollution charges than they should be paying. Finally, the authors show that the greater the social impact of a firm's emissions (as measured by complaints), the less bargaining power it has with local environmental authorities.This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study environmental regulation in developing countries.
Download or read book Incomplete Enforcement of Pollution Regulation written by Hua Wang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Only a small number of studies have empirically examined the determinants of the monitoring and enforcement performed by environmental regulators, and most of these have focused on industrial countries. In contrast, the authors empirically examine the determinants of enforcement in China. More precisely, they analyze the determinants of firms' relative bargaining power with local environmental authorities with respect to the enforcement of pollution charges. The authors show that private sector firms appear to have less bargaining power than state-owned enterprises. Contrary to earlier findings, they also show that firms facing adverse financial situations have more bargaining power than other firms and are more likely to pay smaller pollution charges than they should be paying. Finally, the authors show that the greater the social impact of a firm's emissions (as measured by complaints), the less bargaining power it has with local environmental authorities.
Download or read book Incomplete Enforcement of Pollution Regulation written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Limits of Law written by Peter Cleary Yeager and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993-08-27 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of the development of US water pollution laws, showing how legal processes and social relations interact as the state struggles to reconcile contradictory responsibilities.
Download or read book Enforcing Pollution Control Regulation written by Carolyn Abbot and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2009-05-18 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monitoring and enforcement issues must be analysed when determining the effectiveness of pollution control regulation, and clearly influence choices about how to regulate. This book demonstrates how an economic analysis of law enforcement can generate important insights into how best to enforce pollution control regulation. It seeks to provide a clear and accessible way into the law and economics literature on enforcement. More specifically, it uses Gary Becker's deterrence model which, by differentiating between two enforcement variables (namely the probability of apprehension and conviction and the severity of sanction), facilitates a comparison of the effectiveness of different enforcement tools in inducing desirable behaviour. As such, it provides a valuable analytical tool in considering how best to pursue cost-effective enforcement. Major themes to be addressed include Becker's deterrence model and expansions thereof, reasons for compliance, environmental enforcement strategies and the importance of a deterrence threat and formal pollution control law enforcement mechanisms such as prosecution and criminal sanctions, administrative mechanisms and civil liability. The book argues that in pursuing cost-effective enforcement much can be learned from examining enforcement practices in different jurisdictions, and to this end the author examines pollution control laws, enforcement strategies and sanctions in Australia, Canada and England and Wales. The book makes an important contribution to existing literature on environmental law enforcement, but its value extends beyond this. The theoretical framework adopted and the range of issues discussed make it of interest to regulatory and public law scholars more generally.
Download or read book Pollution Limits and Polluters Efforts to Comply written by Dietrich H. Earnhart and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-14 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book integrates the fields of economics and law to empirically examine compliance with regulatory obligations under the Clean Water Act (CWA). It examines four dimensions of federal water pollution control policy in the United States: limits imposed on industrial facilities' pollution discharges; facilities' efforts to comply with pollution limits, identified as "environmental behavior"; facilities' success at controlling their discharges to comply with pollution limits, identified as "environmental performance"; and regulators' efforts to induce compliance via inspections and enforcement actions, identified as "government interventions." The authors gather and analyze data on environmental performance and government interventions from Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) databases, and data on environmental behavior gathered from their own survey of all 1,612 chemical manufacturing facilities permitted to discharge wastewater in 2002. By analyzing links between critical elements in the puzzle of enforcement of and compliance with environmental protection laws, the text speaks to several important, policy-relevant research questions: Do government interventions help induce better environmental behavior and/or better environmental performance? Do tighter pollution limits improve environmental behavior and/or performance? And, does better environmental behavior lead to better environmental performance?
Download or read book Grime and Punishment written by Andrew George Keeler and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Controlling Industrial Pollution written by Robert W. Crandall and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 1983 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the effectiveness of government regulations designed to reduce air pollution and recommends changes in air pollution policies and laws.
Download or read book Policing Pollution written by Genevra Richardson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1982 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on first-hand observation, this book analyzes various approaches to government intervention in the field of environmental control and presents the findings of an empirical project designed to examine the implementation of one such control instrument in the water industry. Particular emphasis is placed on the discretion exercised by enforcement officers and the role played by the criminal sanction.
Download or read book Waste Incineration and Public Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-10-21 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incineration has been used widely for waste disposal, including household, hazardous, and medical wasteâ€"but there is increasing public concern over the benefits of combusting the waste versus the health risk from pollutants emitted during combustion. Waste Incineration and Public Health informs the emerging debate with the most up-to-date information available on incineration, pollution, and human healthâ€"along with expert conclusions and recommendations for further research and improvement of such areas as risk communication. The committee provides details on: Processes involved in incineration and how contaminants are released. Environmental dynamics of contaminants and routes of human exposure. Tools and approaches for assessing possible human health effects. Scientific concerns pertinent to future regulatory actions. The book also examines some of the social, psychological, and economic factors that affect the communities where incineration takes place and addresses the problem of uncertainty and variation in predicting the health effects of incineration processes.
Download or read book Water Code written by Texas and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Models in Environmental Regulatory Decision Making written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-08-25 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are based on the results of computer models. Models help EPA explain environmental phenomena in settings where direct observations are limited or unavailable, and anticipate the effects of agency policies on the environment, human health and the economy. Given the critical role played by models, the EPA asked the National Research Council to assess scientific issues related to the agency's selection and use of models in its decisions. The book recommends a series of guidelines and principles for improving agency models and decision-making processes. The centerpiece of the book's recommended vision is a life-cycle approach to model evaluation which includes peer review, corroboration of results, and other activities. This will enhance the agency's ability to respond to requirements from a 2001 law on information quality and improve policy development and implementation.
Download or read book Environmental Regulation written by John F. McEldowney and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring an original introduction by the editors, this important collection of essays explores the main issues surrounding the regulation of the environment. The expert contributors illustrate that regulating the environment in the UK is conceptually complex, involves a diverse range of institutions, techniques and methodologies and crosses geographical and national boundaries. In the USA it is more formalised, juridical, adversarial and formally dependent upon legal rules. The articles highlight the fact that despite differences in the UK and the USA's regulatory styles, environmental regulation today has much in common with both traditions.
Download or read book Pollution Limits and Polluters Efforts to Comply written by Dietrich Earnhart and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-14 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book integrates economics and legal perspectives to examine the impact of government strategies for monitoring and enforcing environmental protection laws. It closely examines industrial facilities' compliance with regulatory obligations stemming from the implementation of the Clean Water Act (CWA) to explore the success of policies such as this.
Download or read book Enforcing Pollution Control Laws written by Clifford S. Russell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-18 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic models are used to show the extent of the difficulties involved in monitoring and enforcing pollution control laws on a continual basis. The authors make several recommendations for policy change. They also show that high rates of compliance can be achieved within tight budget constraints. Originally published in 1986
Download or read book Technical Support Document for Water Quality based Toxics Control written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
