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Book Effect of Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetases on the in Vitro Transcription of the TRNAArg Gene Operon from Escherichia Coli

Download or read book Effect of Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetases on the in Vitro Transcription of the TRNAArg Gene Operon from Escherichia Coli written by Christine Marie Lindell and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book In Vitro Regulation Studies of the TRNA Gene Operon in E Coli

Download or read book In Vitro Regulation Studies of the TRNA Gene Operon in E Coli written by Emelyn Reed Eldredge and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Regulation of Expression of the Escherichia Coli TRNA tufB Operon

Download or read book Regulation of Expression of the Escherichia Coli TRNA tufB Operon written by Joseph H. van Delft and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetases

Download or read book The Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetases written by Michael Ibba and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-04-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By virtue of their role as catalysts of the aminoacylation reaction, the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases ensure that the first step of translation is performed quickly and accurately. In this volume of 36 separate chapters, the many facets of this ancient and ubiquitous family are reviewed, including their surprising structural diversity, enzymology, tRNA interaction properties, and curious alternative functions. These chapters illustrate the degree to which the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases employ a variety of mechanisms to carry out both the standard functions related to the synthesis of aminoacylated tRNA for protein synthesis, as well as the surprising functions associated with amino acid biosynthesis, cytokine function, and even the processivity of DNA replication. Other chapters explore the regulation of their synthesis, their role in disease, and their prospects as targets for antibacterial therapeutics. This monograph will be a valuable resource for all scientists interested in the fundamentals of protein synthesis from both a basic research and clinical perspective, as well as the relation of translational components to the evolution of the genetic code.

Book Studies on the Regulation of Ribosomal RNA Transcription in Escherichia Coli

Download or read book Studies on the Regulation of Ribosomal RNA Transcription in Escherichia Coli written by Cathleen Ann Josaitis and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Regulation of RNA Synthesis in Escherichia Coli

Download or read book The Regulation of RNA Synthesis in Escherichia Coli written by Daniel William Morris and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Regulation of Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase Genes in Bacillus Subtilis

Download or read book Regulation of Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase Genes in Bacillus Subtilis written by Rebecca N. Williams-Wagner and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacterial cells regulate gene expression in response to a variety of signals. Regulation can occur at each level of gene expression including, but not limited to, transcription initiation, transcription attenuation and translation initiation. T box riboswitches are found in 5’ untranslated leader regions upstream of amino acid related genes in Gram-positive bacteria. T box leader RNAs form several conserved structural elements including three stem-loops (Stem I, II and III), a Stem IIA/B pseudoknot, and mutually exclusive terminator and antiterminator helicies. T box riboswitches regulate gene expression at the level of transcription attenuation by interacting directly with a specific tRNA; uncharged tRNA promotes antitermination. This mechanism was identified through genetic analysis of the Bacillus subtilis tyrS gene, which encodes tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase and is expressed during normal growth. TyrS mischarges tRNATyr with D-tyrosine (D-Tyr), which inhibits growth and biofilm formation due to misincorporation of D-Tyr into proteins. B. subtilis produces D-Tyr and lacks known mechanisms to prevent mischarging. The B. subtilis genome has a second gene that encodes tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, tyrZ, which is expressed when tyrS is mutated. The tyrZ gene is preceded by the dtrR gene, which encodes a MarR-like transcriptional regulator, and a T box riboswitch. We sought to determine how tyrZ gene expression is regulated and the role of TyrZ. We showed that DtrR represses transcription initiation of the dtrR-tyrZ operon by binding to an operator sequence within the promoter. The T box riboswitch also regulates tyrZ expression. We demonstrated that TyrZ is more selective against D-Tyr compared to TyrS, and that tyrZ expression permits growth and biofilm formation in the presence of D-Tyr. We concluded that tyrZ, which we showed is expressed during biofilm formation, may protect cells against D-Tyr during growth and biofilm formation. During analysis of tyrS in vitro, tRNATyr was unable to promote antitermination. However, tRNAGly-dependent antitermination of the glyQS gene, which encodes glycyl-tRNA synthetase, was observed in vitro. The glyQS leader RNA lacks Stem II and the Stem IIA/B pseudoknot, which are required for antitermination of tyrS in vivo. Antitermination of the thrS gene, which encodes threonyl-tRNA synthetase, was reported to require cell extract and fully modified tRNAThr. The thrS leader RNA contains Stem II and the Stem IIA/B pseudoknot. Another goal of this study was to establish conditions for in vitro analysis of T box riboswitch RNAs that contain the structural elements missing in glyQS to determine their role in antitermination. We analyzed the valS gene, which contains all of the conserved structural elements, and showed that the valS leader RNA bound specifically to tRNAVal. We observed tRNAVal-dependent antitermination in vitro, but antitermination was inefficient. We also analyzed the thrS gene, and demonstrated tRNAThr-dependent antitermination in the absence of cellular factors. We conclude that the thrS gene may be a suitable system to study the role of conserved structures in T box antitermination. Because T box riboswitches regulate essential genes in Gram-positive bacteria, this system is an excellent target for the development of antimicrobials. The effectiveness of the antibiotics may be tested using the thrS leader RNA.

Book Research Awards Index

Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Structure and Function of Escherichia Coli Valine Transfer RNA in Aminoacylation and Ternary Complex Formation

Download or read book Structure and Function of Escherichia Coli Valine Transfer RNA in Aminoacylation and Ternary Complex Formation written by Jack Chia-Hsiang Liu and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship of E. coli tRNA[superscript Val] structure to its function in the aminoacylation reaction and the later steps of polypeptide synthesis was investigated. Steady-state kinetic studies of the aminoacylation of in vitro transcribed tRNA[superscript Val] variants have shown that nucleotides, A35, C36, A73, and G20, are important for the specific recognition of E. coli tRNA[superscript Val] by valyl-tRNA synthetase (ValRS). Identity swap experiments, testing the efficiency of this "recognition nucleotide set" in converting yeast tRNA[superscript Phe] and E. coli tRNA[superscript Phe] into valine into valine acceptors, confirm the importance of the recognition nucleotide set. In addition, a minor recognition nucleotide, G45, was also identified. Furthermore, our results indicate that VALRS requires an undistorted A-form helix in the acceptor stem for efficient aminoacylation of a TRNA substrate. In a study of the universally conserved 3'-CCA sequence of tRNA[superscript Val], our laboratory has shown that the 3'-CCA is not essential for all functions.