Download or read book In situ catalyst reactivation written by Benjamin David Herzog and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Activation Deactivation and Poisoning of Catalysts written by John Butt and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activation, Deactivation, and Poisoning of Catalysts deals with the circumstances and mechanisms underlying catalyst activation, deactivation, and poisoning. The emphasis is on the techniques for handling deactivating systems, not on results per se. Deactivation by fouling and sintering is given consideration. This book is organized into three sections and consists of 12 chapters. The first part is devoted to a systematic development of the manner in which catalysts are activated, deactivated, poisoned, and in some cases reactivated on a microscopic basis. The first chapter explains the concept of the active center as utilized in catalysis, along with catalyst regeneration, rejuvenation, and detoxification. In the second part, the reader is introduced to the problem of heat transfer as well as the transport of reactants and products in the interior of the particle coupled with chemical reaction therein. The macroscopic deactivation behavior of the catalyst particle is described in terms of fundamental kinetic deactivation phenomena and of parameters governing heat and mass transfer. The last part is primarily concerned with a collection of catalyst particles within the reactor, with emphasis on the global activity of the reactor. In the last chapter, a pragmatic approach is presented to predict the design and performance of chemical reactors containing a deactivating catalyst. This book is written for catalytic chemists, researchers, reactor designers, and students interested in catalyst activation, deactivation, and poisoning.
Download or read book Deactivation and Poisoning of Catalysts written by J. Oudar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1985-07-02 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deactivation and Poisoning of Catalysts presents the most current research in the area of heterogeneous catalysis. It focuses on the chemically induced effects associated with bonded surface species that cause catalyst activity decline -- and in some cases a change in catalyst specificity. In addition, this volume examines poisoning of dispersed metal catalysts ... the thermodynamics of sulfur-metal and carbon-metal interactions ... model poisoning reactions on single crystals ... deactivation in petroleum refining and petrochemical processes ... coking of metal catalysts ... and more. The new approaches and solutions to catalyst deactivation and poisoning presented in this guide are invaluable to all heterogeneous catalysis specialists, including chemical and petroleum engineers, and surface, synthetic, physical, and industrial chemists. Book jacket.
Download or read book In situ Catalytic Activation and Regeneration Using Electrostatic Field Gradients and Kinetic Modelling of Multiple Site Activity and Self poisoning in the Hydrogenolysis of C2H6 on a Nickel Wire Catalyst written by Sandor Kristyan and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New Frontiers in Catalysis Parts A C written by L. Guczi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1993-04-20 with total page 2955 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These volumes comprise the proceedings of the major international meeting on catalysis which is held at 4 year intervals. The programme focussed on New Frontiers in Catalysis including nontraditional catalytic materials and environmental catalysis. The contributions cover a wide range of fundamental, applied, industrial and engineering aspects of catalysis. The extensive range of highly efficient industrial techniques for observing and characterizing catalytically important surfaces is evident.The programme covered the following sessions: Mechanism, theory, in situ methods; Catalytic reaction on atomically clean surfaces; Catalytic reaction on zeolites and related substances; New methods and principles for catalyst preparation; Hydrotreatment reactions (HDS, HDN); Characterization of catalysts, application of novel techniques; Selective oxidation; New catalytic aspects of heteropoly acids and related compounds; Reaction of hydrocarbons; Nontraditional catalytic materials; Fuel upgrading; Alkane activation; Acid-base catalysis; New selective catalytic reactons, fine chemicals; Environmental catalysis; Industrial catalysis, deactivation, reactivation; Synthesis from syngas; Electrocatalysis; Photocatalysis.The invited lectures and 433 papers included in these volumes present an update on all areas of catalysis and applications.
Download or read book Method For Reactivating Solid Catalysts Used For Alklation Reactions written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method for reactivating a solid alkylation catalyst is provided which can be performed within a reactor that contains the alkylation catalyst or outside the reactor. Effective catalyst reactivation is achieved whether the catalyst is completely deactivated or partially deactivated. A fluid reactivating agent is employed to dissolve catalyst fouling agents and also to react with such agents and carry away the reaction products. The deactivated catalyst is contacted with the fluid reactivating agent under pressure and temperature conditions such that the fluid reactivating agent is dense enough to effectively dissolve the fouling agents and any reaction products of the fouling agents and the reactivating agent. Useful pressures and temperatures for reactivation include near-critical, critical, and supercritical pressures and temperatures for the reactivating agent. The fluid reactivating agent can include, for example, a branched paraffin containing at least one tertiary carbon atom, or a compound that can be isomerized to a molecule containing at least one tertiary carbon atom.
Download or read book Deactivation and Regeneration of Zeolite Catalysts written by M. Guisnet and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In chemical processes, the progressive deactivation of solid catalysts is a major economic concern and mastering their stability has become as essential as controlling their activity and selectivity. For these reasons, there is a strong motivation to understand the mechanisms leading to any loss in activity and/or selectivity and to find out the efficient preventive measures and regenerative solutions that open the way towards cheaper and cleaner processes. This book covers in a comprehensive way both the fundamental and applied aspects of solid catalyst deactivation and encompasses the state-of-the-art in the field of reactions catalyzed by zeolites. This particular choice is justified by the widespread use of molecular sieves in refining, petrochemicals and organic chemicals synthesis processes, by the large variety in the nature of their active sites (acid, base, acid-base, redox, bifunctional) and especially by their peculiar features, in terms of crystallinity, structural order and textural properties, which make them ideal models for heterogeneous catalysis. The aim of this book is to be a critical review in the field of zeolite deactivation and regeneration, by collecting a series of contributions by experts in the field which describe the factors, explain the techniques to study the causes and suggest methods to prevent (or limit) catalyst deactivation. At the same time, an anthology of commercial processes and exemplar cases provides the reader with theoretical insights and practical hints on the deactivation mechanisms and draws attention to the key role played by the loss of activity on process design and industrial practice.
Download or read book Handbook of Spent Hydroprocessing Catalysts written by Meena Marafi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-01-18 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Spent Hydroprocessing Catalysts, Second Edition, covers all aspects of spent hydroprocessing catalysts, both regenerable and non-regenerable. It contains detailed information on hazardous characteristics of spent and regenerated catalysts. The information forms a basis for determining processing options to make decisions on whether spent catalysts can be either reused on refinery site after regeneration or used as the source of new materials. For non-regenerable spent catalysts, attention is paid to safety and ecological implications of utilizing landfill and other waste handling and storage options to ensure environmental acceptance. As such, this handbook can be used as a benchmark document to develop threshold limits of regulated species. - Includes experimental results and testing protocols which serve as a basis for the development of methodologies for the characterization of solid wastes - Presents a database which assists researchers in selecting/designing research projects on spent catalysts, i.e., regeneration vs. rejuvenation and metal reclamation - Provides the environmental laws, acts, and liabilities to raise awareness in safety and health issues in all aspects of spent catalysts - Contains solid waste management procedures specific to hydroprocessing that serve as a model for designing research projects in other solid waste areas
Download or read book Handbook of Spent Hydroprocessing Catalysts written by Meena Marafi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-06-07 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook serves scientists and researchers interested in any aspect of spent hydroprocessing catalysts. Its aim is to assist in the analysis and assessment of refined catalyst byproducts and processing options, to determine whether spent catalysts can be processed into productive resources. For non-regenerable spent catalysts, the book takes into consideration both safety and ecological implications of utilizing landfill and other waste options. - Provides comprehensive guidance and assistance to those making decisions on the fate of spent catalysts, radically improving strategic options for refining organisations - Offers solutions that maximize procedural, regulatory, safety, and preparedness benefits - Contains detailed information on hazardous characteristics of spent and regenerated catalysts with deployment recommendations, and acts as a benchmark document for establishing threshold limits of regulated species as well as for developing procedures for handling spent catalysts to ensure environmental acceptance
Download or read book Deactivation of Catalysts written by Ronald Hughes and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Catalyst Deactivation 1991 written by C.H. Bartholomew and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1991-06-03 with total page 841 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalyst Deactivation 1991 was an expanded version of earlier, highly successful symposia. The symposium featured invited and solicited papers including 4 plenary lectures, 78 oral presentations and 23 poster papers. Most of the papers are contained in this volume.The eight main topics emphasised at this most recent symposium were: deactivation mechanisms/phenomena (carbon deposition, poisoning, and sintering), methods (modeling and techniques), and important catalysts (hydrotreating, oxides, and zeolites). All of these areas were well represented as attested by the substantial number of papers contained in these proceedings. Four review papers based on the plenary lectures provide state-of-the-art perspectives on new thrusts in deactivation research and development.
Download or read book Regeneration of Spent Catalyst and Impregnation of Catalyst by Supercritical Fluid written by Farid Gumerov and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A catalyst is a material of constant composition, which accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction by providing a suitable reaction pathway with the lowest activation energy. As the activation energy is lower, more reaction products are formed in the same period of time. Most catalytic reactions encountered in hydrocarbon processing are carried out with porous catalysts to provide a sufficient surface area for the metal dispersion and the ensuing reaction. These catalysts gradually lose their catalytic activity, usually through structural changes, poisoning, or the deposit of extraneous material. A catalyst which can no longer exhibit the necessary activity and/or is specificity required by the user is referred to as a "spent catalyst". Catalysts are critical to the chemical industry and are now used in most industrial chemical processes. Along with the rapid development and wide application of catalysis technology, the amounts of different spent catalysts are increased from year to year. The physical properties of spent catalysts, as well as their composition, are generally different from those of fresh catalysts. For example, spent hydrotreating catalysts contain metal sulfides and coke, and may have additional contaminants that were not present in the fresh catalyst. Catalyst regeneration involves the processing of spent catalysts in order to make them reusable. This is done by restoring the initial properties of spent catalysts and thus restoring their efficiency through a process called regeneration of catalysts. Traditional methods of vapor-air regeneration are energy-consuming and severely limit the number of regeneration cycles. Using supercritical fluid CO2-extraction process, according to some estimates, provides a two-fold energy savings and an increasing number of regeneration cycles possible. This book gathers a series of studies describing new methods for the regeneration of heterogeneous catalysts for important industrial chemical processes. In this book we propose new extraction techniques using supercritical fluid extraction (SFC), which seems to be one of the most promising as a green reaction medium. The feasibility of using supercritical fluid СО2 extraction process was investigated in particular for spent catalyst regeneration. The low regeneration temperature of supercritical carbon dioxide eliminates the risk of thermal deterioration of the catalyst (namely the collapse of the pores), prevents the reduction of the surface area and the sintering, and allows regeneration of catalysts with an activity close to that of fresh catalysts. The results of the implementation of the supercritical fluid СО2 extraction process with respect to samples of industrial deactivated catalysts are provided. A comparison of the characteristics of the regenerated catalyst samples by traditional approaches and the SC-CO2 extraction process is carried out. The possibility of using a supercritical fluid CO2 impregnation technique in the synthesis of a palladium catalyst is also studied.
Download or read book Advances in Catalyst Deactivation written by Calvin H. Bartholomew and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-10-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Advances in Catalyst Deactivation" that was published in Catalysts
Download or read book Plasma Catalysis written by Annemie Bogaerts and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.
Download or read book Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx written by Oliver Kröcher and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-12-14 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx" that was published in Catalysts
Download or read book Catalysis of Organic Reactions written by Frank E. Herkes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-08-21 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Documents up-to-date developments in the study of catalysis and its applications to organic synthesis and industrial processes. The text examines the area of homogenous and heterogenous catalysis for industrial and pharmaceutical chemicals, focusing on recent advances in asymmetric synthesis, environmental uses, acid-based synthesis, hydrogenation, oxidation, alkylation, isomerization, amination, hydroformlyation, and more.
Download or read book Catalyst Deactivation 2001 written by J.J. Spivey and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-09-21 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings contains the papers presented at the 9th International Symposium on Catalyst Deactivation, held in Lexington, KY, USA, on 7-10 October 2001.
