Download or read book Improving Passive Magnetic Inspection for Reinforced Concrete Condition Assessment written by Milad Mosharafi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life quality, industrial productivity, and community safety can be assured by the reliability and the safety of infrastructure such as highways, bridges, and energy-supply systems. Reinforced concrete is the most-commonly used massive construction material in urban, road and industrial infrastructure because of its mechanical properties, durability, and mouldability. Concrete has acceptable compressive strength but relatively low tensile strength, so steel reinforcement rods (rebar) are usually added to concrete to enhance its tensile strength. However, steel rebar is subject to the serious and costly problem of corrosion, which eventually can significantly degrade the mechanical properties of concrete. Quantifying the corrosion condition of reinforcing steel can help manage associated risks arising from the unexpected function failure of reinforced concrete structures. In efforts to avoid such failures, engineers rely on quantitative time-history condition monitoring of reinforcing steel to help make decisions on rehabilitation, decommissioning, or replacement of concrete infrastructure. The self-magnetic behaviour of ferromagnetic materials can be used for quantitative condition assessment. Inspection of reinforced concrete structures by a method based on this concept is under development. Improving the data recording, mathematical simulation and interpretation so as to obtain more-reliable outcomes from this novel NDT technology (Passive Magnetic Inspection (PMI)) is the main aim of this research project. This thesis, consisting of eight chapters, investigates various experiments and simulations, and delineates future work: Chapter 1 includes the introduction, theoretical background, and research objectives; Chapter 2 consists of numerical simulations and experimental results on the passive magnetic behavior of a rebar with pitting; Chapter 3 represents the simulations and experimental results of the investigations on rebars with local longitudinal defects; Chapter 4 investigates the self-magnetic behaviour of rebars with different sizes of crack; Chapter 5 covers numerical simulations and experimental results of passive magnetic behavior of an intact rebar and a rebar with general corrosion; Chapter 6 compares the magnetic flux density values generated from rebars with different degrees of general corrosion; Chapter 7 describes a successful fieldwork project; Chapter 8 outlines a general conclusion and future works that can help the further improvement of the inspection technology. To explain the content of the thesis in more detail, through the analysis of magnetic data, Chapters 2, 3, and 4 cover methods for identifying the local defects in steel reinforcements, and Chapters 5 and 6 focus on realizing the general corrosion of steel rebars. Applicable findings generated from Chapter 2 to Chapter 6 are used in detecting and categorizing the local defects and general corrosion in steel rebars. For instance, it is shown that a certain percentile threshold can be applied on magnetic data to accurately detect longitudinal defects. It is also demonstrated that medium and large cracks are detected by magnetic values' absolute gradients of greater than 0.87 (μT/mm) and 0.95 (μT/mm), respectively. In addition, it is shown that the average of standard deviations calculated for a magnetic data set decreases when the degree of general corrosion increases. The findings in the first six chapters are implemented to establish the data gathering, data analysis, and interpretation approaches used in the field work described in Chapter 7. In the field work, the condition of culvert C072's reinforced concrete (RC) bridge structure (located in the north of Markham, Ontario, Canada) is inspected. The inspection, supervised by the Corporation of the City of Markham, uses PMI technology. The inspection outcomes demonstrate that the sections close to the south and north ends of the bridge display the most-severe reinforcement anomalies: roughly, maximums of 20% and 14% of the reinforcement's cross-sectional area loss are detected close to the bridging structure's south and north ends, respectively. Additionally, an area in the middle of the bridge is found to have a noticeable anomaly in the reinforcement. The results generated from the magnetic data, collected using a PMI scanner, are in good agreement with visual-investigation results and the culvert's historical information, such as the concrete's chloride content and compressive strength values, as well as information from a half-cell potential survey. Culvert C072's condition is considered moderately deteriorated and corrective actions are recommended.

Download or read book Non Destructive Passive Magnetic and Ultrasonic Inspection Methods for Condition Assessment of Reinforced Concrete written by SeyedBijan Mahbaz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mathematics in Computational Science and Engineering written by Ramakant Bhardwaj and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-05-11 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MATHEMATICS IN COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING This groundbreaking new volume, written by industry experts, is a must-have for engineers, scientists, and students across all engineering disciplines working in mathematics and computational science who want to stay abreast with the most current and provocative new trends in the industry. Applied science and engineering is the application of fundamental concepts and knowledge to design, build and maintain a product or a process, which provides a solution to a problem and fulfills a need. This book contains advanced topics in computational techniques across all the major engineering disciplines for undergraduate, postgraduate, doctoral and postdoctoral students. This will also be found useful for professionals in an industrial setting. It covers the most recent trends and issues in computational techniques and methodologies for applied sciences and engineering, production planning, and manufacturing systems. More importantly, it explores the application of computational techniques and simulations through mathematics in the field of engineering and the sciences. Whether for the veteran engineer, scientist, student, or other industry professional, this volume is a must-have for any library. Useful across all engineering disciplines, it is a multifactional tool that can be put to use immediately in practical applications. This groundbreaking new volume: Includes detailed theory with illustrations Uses an algorithmic approach for a unique learning experience Presents a brief summary consisting of concepts and formulae Is pedagogically designed to make learning highly effective and productive Is comprised of peer-reviewed articles written by leading scholars, researchers and professors AUDIENCE: Engineers, scientists, students, researchers, and other professionals working in the field of computational science and mathematics across multiple disciplines

Download or read book Nondestructive Testing in Composite Materials written by Carosena Meola and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-04 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this era of technological progress and given the need for welfare and safety, everything that is manufactured and maintained must comply with such needs. We would all like to live in a safe house that will not collapse on us. We would all like to walk on a safe road and never see a chasm open in front of us. We would all like to cross a bridge and reach the other side safely. We all would like to feel safe and secure when taking a plane, ship, train, or using any equipment. All this may be possible with the adoption of adequate manufacturing processes, with non-destructive inspection of final parts and monitoring during the in-service life of components. Above all, maintenance should be imperative. This requires effective non-destructive testing techniques and procedures. This Special Issue is a collection of some of the latest research in these areas, aiming to highlight new ideas and ways to deal with challenging issues worldwide. Different types of materials and structures are considered, different non-destructive testing techniques are employed with new approaches for data treatment proposed as well as numerical simulations. This can serve as food for thought for the community involved in the inspection of materials and structures as well as condition monitoring.

Download or read book Concrete Solutions written by Michael Grantham and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concrete Solutions contains the contributions from some 30 countries to Concrete Solutions, the 6th International Conference on Concrete Repair (Thessaloniki, Greece, 20-23 June 2016). Strengthening and retrofitting are major themes in this volume, with NDT and electrochemical repair following closely, discussing the latest advances and technologies in concrete repair. The book brings together some interesting and challenging theoretical approaches and questions if we really understand and approach such topics as corrosion monitoring correctly. Concrete Solutions is an essential reference work for those working in the concrete repair field, from engineers to architects and from students to clients. The Concrete Solutions Series of international conferences on concrete repair began in 2003 with a conference held in St. Malo, France in association with INSA Rennes. Subsequent conferences have seen the Series partnering with the University of Padua (Italy) in 2009, with TU Dresden (Germany) in 2011 and with Queen’s University Belfast (Northern Ireland) in 2014. In 2016 Thessaloniki (Greece) hosted the conference, partnering with both Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH) and Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH). The next conference in the series will be held in 2019 in Istanbul.

Download or read book Magnetic Flux Leakage Device for Evaluation of Prestressed Concrete Box Bridges written by Steve B. Chase and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of a Magnetic Field Sensor System for Nondestructive Evaluation of Reinforcing Steel in Prestressed Concrete Bridge Members written by Bertrand Fernandes and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nondestructive evaluation of prestressed concrete mainly includes inspection of the condition of the prestressing strands for load rating. This thesis presents a magnetic inspection system to measure main magnetic flux (MMF) and magnetic leakage flux (MFL) signals, to evaluate the condition of prestressing stands. A proof-of-concept has been established using a prototype electromagnet-sensor, showing a direct relationship between the cross-sectional area of the strand and the magnitude of magnetic field induced in it. A field test of a box-beam bridge was conducted using both MMF and MFL detection techniques separately. This led to the realization of a comprehensive MMF-MFL electromagnet-sensor system for inspection of prestressed steel in concrete. A computer aided simulation model was created to model the magnetic field signals and aid in better understanding of the electromagnet-sensor. This model is also useful for generating expected magnetic field signals from magnetization of different strand size and configuration setups and thus, helps in making corrosion estimations. The MMF-MFL signal detection concept was evaluated using the existing electromagnet-sensor in a laboratory setup and on prestressed box-beams obtained from a demolished bridge. It was able to identify corrosion and defects such as breaks or fractures in prestressing strands. For this magnetic inspection system to become practical, certain modifications such as redesign of the magnetic field generated by the magnet to have higher resolution have been suggested. Other features such as accurate measurement of pole face to strand distance and weight reduction have been discussed. The overall outcome of this research has shown that magnetic field signals can be useful to detect hidden corrosion in prestressed box-beams.

Download or read book Non Destructive Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Structures Deterioration Processes and Standard Test Methods written by Christiane Maierhofer and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2010-06 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative book provides a comprehensive review of the highly important subject of non-destructive evaluation of reinforced concrete structures. Engineers have a range of sophisticated techniques at their disposal to assess the condition of reinforced concrete structures that do not cause material damage and which usually enable the structure to be used while the surveys are carried out. Non-destructive evaluation of the infrastructure also plays a key role in calculating and prioritising where money should be spent on repair or replacement. Providing details of related techniques and case studies, this book offers an overview of how to plan and implement the NDT of reinforced concrete structures.

Download or read book Technical Assessment of Maglev System Concepts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Government Maglev System Assessment Team operated from 1991 to 1993 as part of the National Maglev Initiative. They assessed the technical viability of four U.S. Maglev system concepts, using the French TGV high speed train and the German TR07 Maglev system as assessment baselines. Maglev in general offers advantages that include high speed potential, excellent system control, high capacity, low energy consumption, low maintenance, modest land requirements, low operating costs, and ability to meet a variety of transportation missions. Further, the U.S. Maglev concepts could provide superior performance to TR07 for similar cost or similar performance for less cost. They also could achieve both lower trip times and lower energy consumption along typical U.S. routes. These advantages result generally from the use of large gap magnetic suspensions, more powerful linear synchronous motors and tilting vehicles. Innovative concepts for motors, guideways, suspension, and superconducting magnets all contribute to a potential for superior long term performance of U.S. Maglev systems compared with TGV and TR07.

Download or read book AR Architecture research written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations for 1999 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 2014 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.

Download or read book Immersed Tunnels written by Richard Lunniss and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-03-04 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immersed tunnels have been around for more than a century but remain a relatively unknown form of tunnel construction. For waterway crossings they are an effective alternative to bored tunnels and bridges, particularly in shallower waters, soft alluvial soils, and earthquake-prone areas. Successful implementation requires a thorough understanding of a wide variety of civil engineering disciplines and construction techniques. Immersed Tunnels brings together in one volume all aspects of immersed tunnels from initial feasibility and planning, through design and construction, to operation and maintenance. Get Valuable Insights into Immersed Tunnel Engineering from Expert Practitioners The book presents design and construction principles to give a full appreciation not only of what is involved in an immersed tunnel scheme but also how potential problems are dealt with and overcome. It examines important factors that have to be considered, particularly environmental implications and mechanical and electrical systems. It also gives practical examples of how specific techniques have been used in various projects and highlights issues that designers and constructors should be aware of. In addition, the book discusses operation and maintenance and reviews contractual matters. These aspects are described from the viewpoint of two experienced practitioners in the field who have a wealth of experience on immersed tunnel projects worldwide. As tunnels are increasingly being adopted as engineering solutions around the world, this unique and extensively illustrated reference explores the wide variety of immersed tunnel techniques available to designers and constructors. It provides essential insight for anyone involved, or seeking to be involved, with immersed tunnel projects.

Download or read book ASM Handbook written by ASM International. Handbook Committee and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These volumes cover the properties, processing, and applications of metals and nonmetallic engineering materials. They are designed to provide the authoritative information and data necessary for the appropriate selection of materials to meet critical design and performance criteria.

Download or read book Infrared Thermography Recent Advances and Future Trends written by Carosena Meola and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2012-08-03 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-contact, non-invasive methodology which allows for detection of thermal energy that is radiated from objects in the infrared band of the electromagnetic spectrum, for conversion of such energy into a visible image (such as a surface temperature map). This feature represents a great potential to be exploited in a vast variety of fields from aerospace to civil engineering, to medicine, to agriculture, etc. However, IRT is still not adequately enclosed in industrial instrumentation and there are still potential users who might benefit from the use of such a technique and who are not aware of their existence. This e-book conveys information about basic IRT theory, infrared detectors, signal digitalization and applications of infrared thermography in many fields such as medicine, foodstuff conservation, fluid-dynamics, architecture, anthropology, condition monitoring, non destructive testing and evaluation of materials and structures. The volume promotes an exchange of information between the academic world and industry, and shares methodologies which were independently developed and applied in specific disciplines.

Download or read book Nonconventional Concrete Technologies written by Committee on Nonconventional Concrete Technologies for Renewal of the Highway Infrastructure and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-04-08 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonconventional Concrete Technologies: Renewal of the Highway Infrastructure identifies research and development opportunities in innovative, nonconventional materials and processes that have the potential to accelerate the construction process, improve the durability of highway pavement and bridges, and enhance the serviceability and longevity of new construction under adverse conditions.

Download or read book Model Code for Service Life Design written by fib Fédération internationale du béton and published by fib Fédération internationale du béton. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: fib Bulletin 34 addresses Service Life Design (SLD) for plain concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete structures, with a special focus on design provisions for managing the adverse effects of degradation. Its objective is to identify agreed durability related models and to prepare the framework for standardization of performance based design approaches. Four different options for SLD are given: - a full probabilistic approach, - a semi probabilistic approach (partial factor design), - deemed to satisfy rules, - avoidance of deterioration. The service life design approaches described in this document may be applied for the design of new structures, for updating the service life design if the structure exists and real material properties and/or the interaction of environment and structure can be measured (real concrete covers, carbonation depths), and for calculating residual service life. The bulletin is divided into five chapters: 1. General 2. Basis of design 3. Verification of Service Life Design 4. Execution and its quality management 5. Maintenance and condition control It also includes four informative annexes, which give background information and examples of procedures and deterioration models for the application in SLD. The format of Bulletin 34 follows the CEB-FIP tradition for Model Codes: the main provisions are given on the right-hand side of the page, and on the left-hand side, the comments. Note: An Italian translation of Bulletin 34 is also available; contact us for further details.