Download or read book Implications of Sexual Risk Assessment for HIV Intervention Planning written by EDNA. ARYEE and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ID: 10997Background Study Objective(s): Increasing HIV/AIDS knowledge alone does not stem the spread of HIV among young Ghanaian women. Rather, the solution lies in enhancing the individual's appreciation of her own risk and self-efficacy for reducing risky behaviours (Sallar, 2001). The current dissertation aims to understand the factors related to HIV/AIDS sexual risk behaviour among young Ghanaian women. In an expansion of the AIDS Risk Reduction Model (ARRM; Catania, 1990), psychological (sexual assertiveness and self-esteem), interpersonal (resiliency), and cultural variables (spirituality, cultural mistrust, gender roles, childhood sexual abuse, social health, and Africentrism) were identified to assist in the prediction of stage-specific variables at each stage (i.e., Labeling, Commitment, and Enactment) of the ARRM. Sexual risk behaviour was further examined in relationship to diverse demographic variables. Methods: Using quantitative exploratory survey and convenience sampling methods, two hundred (N=200) female participants were recruited at three institutions in Accra, Ghana. Results: Labeling: Labeling was positively related to Peer Norm. However, Labeling was negatively related HIV/AIDS Risk Knowledge and Susceptibility to HIV. Further, there was a positive relationship between Labeling and HIV Testing (at the Commitment Stage). The overall regression for the expanded predictors model on Labeling was not statistically significant. Education and age accounted for the bulk of the explained variance at this stage. Commitment: HIV testing intention was negatively related to age and marital status. However, it was positively related to education. Overall, neither the ARRM nor the expanded ARRM variables predicted Commitment. However, there was a positive relationship between Self- esteem and Commitment. Enactment: Condom Use Self-efficacy was positively related to age. Education was positively related to Enactment. For the expanded predictors, Perception of Sexual Enjoyment, Sexual Communication, Spirituality and Self-Esteem were negatively related to Enactment. There was also a positive relationship between Sexual Assertiveness and Enactment. Conclusion: Together, findings validated the Expanded ARRM as a fairly reliable model that helped in the coherent understanding of psychosocial and cultural issues that increase sexual vulnerability in young Ghanaian women. Overall, this study contributes to efforts to promote the use of culturally appropriate strategies in HIV prevention in Ghana.
Download or read book Sexually Transmitted Infections written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2021-12-24 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One in five people in the United States had a sexually transmitted infection (STI) on any given day in 2018, totaling nearly 68 million estimated infections. STIs are often asymptomatic (especially in women) and are therefore often undiagnosed and unreported. Untreated STIs can have severe health consequences, including chronic pelvic pain, infertility, miscarriage or newborn death, and increased risk of HIV infection, genital and oral cancers, neurological and rheumatological effects. In light of this, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, through the National Association of County and City Health Officials, commissioned the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to examine the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections in the United States and provide recommendations for action. In 1997, the Institute of Medicine released a report, The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Although significant scientific advances have been made since that time, many of the problems and barriers described in that report persist today; STIs remain an underfunded and comparatively neglected field of public health practice and research. The committee reviewed the current state of STIs in the United States, and the resulting report, Sexually Transmitted Infections: Advancing a Sexual Health Paradigm, provides advice on future public health programs, policy, and research.
Download or read book Handbook of HIV Prevention written by John L. Peterson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the theories, methods and approaches for reducing HIV-associated risk behaviors. It represents the first single source of information about HIV prevention research in developed and developing countries. It will be an important resource for students, researchers and clinicians in the field.
Download or read book Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub Saharan Africa written by National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Data and Research Priorities for Arresting AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa continues to affect all facets of life throughout the subcontinent. Deaths related to AIDS have driven down the life expectancy rate of residents in Zambia, Kenya, and Uganda with far-reaching implications. This book details the current state of the AIDS epidemic in Africa and what is known about the behaviors that contribute to the transmission of the HIV infection. It lays out what research is needed and what is necessary to design more effective prevention programs.
Download or read book Sex Rar Guide written by World Health Organisation Staff and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2002-12-27 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide describes how to use Rapid Assessment and Response (RAR) methods to both profile local substance use and sexual risk behaviours, and to identify appropriate intervention responses in time and resource-poor settings. It aims to: help identify the relationships between substance use and sexual behaviour in the local area; describe adverse health consequences associated with these behaviours; assess capacity and opportunities for intervention development. The guide also contains an overview of current research knowledge and a list of additional supporting resources.
Download or read book Measuring HIV Exposure Amongst Men who Have Sex with Men in the USA written by Judith Florence Austin and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite good predictive validity demonstrated for the sexual risk-behavior and psychosocial items, some inconsistent reporting between the Global and Event-specific formats is evident. Likely sources of this reporting bias are considered in light of the literature, and strengths and limitations of the overall study are discussed in the closing chapter.
Download or read book HIV AIDS in South Africa 25 Years On written by Poul Rohleder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-01 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much has happened since the first appearance of AIDS in 1981: it has been identified, studied, and occasionally denied. The virus has shifted host populations and spread globally. Medicine, the social sciences, and world governments have joined forces to combat and prevent the disease. And South Africa has emerged as ground zero for the pandemic. The editors of HIV/AIDS in South Africa 25 Years On present the South African crisis as a template for addressing the myriad issues surrounding the epidemic worldwide, as the book brings together a widely scattered body of literature, analyzes psychosocial and sexual aspects contributing to HIV transmission and prevention, and delves into complex intersections of race, gender, class, and politics. Including largely overlooked populations and issues (e.g., prisoners, persons with disabilities, stigma), as well as challenges shaping future research and policy, the contributors approach their topics with rare depth, meticulous research, carefully drawn conclusions, and profound compassion. Among the topics covered: The relationship between HIV and poverty, starting from the question, "Which is the determinant and which is the consequence?" Epidemiology of HIV among women and men: concepts of femininity and masculinity, and gender inequities as they affect HIV risk; gender-specific prevention and intervention strategies. The impact of AIDS on infants and young children: risk and protective factors; care of children by HIV-positive mothers; HIV-infected children. Current prevention and treatment projects, including local-level responses, community-based work, and VCT (voluntary counseling and testing) programs. New directions: promoting circumcision, vaccine trials, "positive prevention." South Africa’s history of AIDS denialism. The urgent lessons in this book apply both globally and locally, making HIV/AIDS in South Africa 25 Years On uniquely instructive and useful for professionals working in HIV/AIDS and global public health.
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6 written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Download or read book Community Interventions and AIDS written by Edison J. Trickett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-01 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As news headlines report staggering numbers of people infected with HIV or AIDS across the globe and as stereotypes of typical AIDS patients become less and less specific to particular sexual orientations and ethnic backgrounds, the AIDS pandemic shows little sign of relenting. AIDS crosses geopolitical and social barriers, and social and behavioral scientists are confronted with the new challenge of developing scientific inquiry and corresponding interventions around participatory, community-based, and community-focused methods. These interventions are increasingly targeting the contextual influences on individual behavior, such as peer groups, social networks and support systems, and community norms. Community-level interventions also draw on local resources and are respectful of sociocultural circumstances and traditions. This book articulates how the social and behavioral sciences can respond to HIV/AIDS. It is written for all who have a stake in AIDS research, stimulating discussion and debate about the natures of community research and intervention broadly across such disciplines as public health, community health education, urban planning, psychology, sociology, anthropology, and philosophy of science. The book proposes alternative perspectives on means of ascertaining knowledge about the HIV/AIDS pandemic and the inclusion of community collaboration in interventions.
Download or read book Constructions of Sexuality and HIV Risk Among Young People in Venda written by Veronica Konanani Sivhabu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study explored constructions of sexuality among young people of Venda in Limpopo, South Africa, and cultural practices that can be used to develop context-specific HIV prevention programmes. HIV prevention can be promoted by including some cultural practices in prevention programmes and changing some aspects of culture that may contribute negatively to health. Six focus group discussions were held with school-going young people (Grades 10 to 12) in urban and rural areas to explore their constructions of sexuality and HIV risk. Four focus group discussions were held with community leaders in the same areas to explore their constructions of young people’s sexuality and cultural practices relevant to HIV prevention. Through discourse analysis, the following dominant discourses that influence young people’s sexual risk behaviour were identified: rite of passage, the male sexual drive discourse (sex is natural and unavoidable); discourse of hegemonic masculinity (sex to prove masculinity); sex as a commodity; non-adherence to cultural practices; and HIV is normalised (AIDS is like flu). Some alternative constructions and shifts in gender norms were noticed, especially among female participants. The constructions of young people were not culture-specific but similar to those identified in other South African cultures. Community leaders identified a few cultural practices that could be considered in HIV prevention, for example, reinstating the rite of passage to provide age-appropriate sex and HIV education (behavioural intervention), and promoting traditional male circumcision (biological intervention). Cultural practices that contribute negatively to health should be challenged such as current constructions of gender roles (masculinity and femininity) and the practice that parents do not talk to young people about sex (both structural interventions).
Download or read book Key Methods in Geography written by Nicholas Clifford and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2010-05-30 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Its range is far broader than the majority of methods texts, being concerned with both human and physical geography... Given the seriousness with which Key Methods in Geography approaches all aspects of research, it will continue to find wide favour among undergraduate geographers." - Times Higher Education Textbook Guide "All geographers, whatever their interest, need to do research. This book will help them get started in the best possible way, with thoughtful advice on everything from project design, through choice of methods, to data analysis and presentation. The editors have assembled an impressive array of authors, all experts in their chosen field." - Tim Burt, University of Durham "Excellent book. Valuable teaching aid. Well written and covers a wide range of methods thoroughly." - Sue Rodway-Dyer, Exeter University "This is an excellent book and deals with a number of topics (which I teach) outside of the tutorial module where it is a recommended text for geographers. A very useful textbook throughout a 3 year Geography programme." - Ian Harris, Bangor University Key Methods in Geography is an introduction to the principal methodological issues involved in the collection, analysis and presentation of geographical information. It is unique in the reference literature for providing an overview of qualitative and quantitative methods for human and physical geography. An accessible primer, it will be used by students as a reference throughout their degree, on all issues from research design to presentation. This second edition has been fully revised and updated and includes new chapters on internet mediated research, diaries as a research method, making observations and measurements in the field, and the analysis of natural systems. Organized into four sections: Getting Started in Geographical Research; Generating and Working with Data in Human Geography; Generating and Working with Data in Physical Geography; Representing and Interpreting Geographical Data; each chapter comprises: A short definition A summary of the principal arguments A substantive 5,000-word discussion Use of real-life examples Annotated notes for further reading. The teaching of research methods is integral to all geography courses: Key Methods in Geography, 2nd Edition explains all of the key methods with which geography undergraduates must be conversant.
Download or read book Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Men who Have Sex with Men written by Heather Alisa Pines and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent clinical trial results suggest that new HIV prevention interventions, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis and treatment as prevention, protect against HIV infection. However, several barriers to widespread implementation of these interventions have been identified. In response to some of these challenges, many argue that new HIV prevention interventions should only be delivered to high-risk populations within integrated HIV prevention programs that consist of biomedical, behavioral, and structural interventions. In the United States, men who have sex with men (MSM) remain the most heavily HIV affected population, and thus will likely be the target of such programs. This dissertation aims to inform the development of MSM-specific HIV prevention programs by providing a better understanding of the situations in which new prevention strategies could have the greatest impact within this population. More specifically, this dissertation examines longitudinal patterns of sexual risk behavior, socio-demographic and behavioral factors associated with partnership type and serostatus, and individual-level and sexual event-level predictors of condom use during receptive anal intercourse among MSM. Chapter 2 is based on data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and demonstrates that HIV-negative MSM exhibit distinct sexual risk trajectories and that those following a high risk trajectory exhibit "seasons of risk" over time. Chapter 3 also uses data from the MACS to show that the reported number of male sexual partners is associated with partnership type and serostatus and that the magnitude and direction of this relationship differs by HIV status. Chapter 4 is based on longitudinal data from a cohort of racially/ethnically diverse HIV-negative MSM followed for one year in Los Angeles, and demonstrates that the effect of methamphetamine use on condom use during receptive anal intercourse at the sexual event-level is greatest in the context of non-main partnerships. Findings from this dissertation expand the current understanding of risk behaviors among MSM, and have implications for the development of integrated HIV prevention programs for MSM in the United States.
Download or read book AIDS and Behavior written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HIV is spreading rapidly, and effective treatments continue to elude science. Preventive interventions are now our best defense against the epidemicâ€"but they require a clear understanding of the behavioral and mental health aspects of HIV infection and AIDS. AIDS and Behavior provides an update of what investigators in the biobehavioral, psychological, and social sciences have discovered recently about those aspects of the disease and offers specific recommendations for research directions and priorities. This volume candidly discusses the sexual and drug-use behaviors that promote transmission of HIV and reports on the latest efforts to monitor the epidemic in its social contexts. The committee reviews new findings on how and why risky behaviors occur and efforts to develop strategies for changing such behaviors. The volume presents findings on the disease's progression and on the psychosocial impacts of HIV and AIDS, with a view toward intervention and improved caregiving. AIDS and Behavior also evaluates the status of behavioral and prevention aspects of AIDS research at the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. The volume presents background on the three institutes; their recent reorganization; their research budgets, programs, and priorities; and other important details. The committee offers specific recommendations for the institutes concerning the balance between biomedical and behavioral investigations, adequacy of administrative structures, and other research management issues. Anyone interested in the continuing quest for new knowledge on preventing HIV and AIDS will want to own this book: policymakers, researchers, research administrators, public health professionals, psychologists, AIDS advocates and service providers, faculty, and students.
Download or read book Social Dynamics of Adolescent Fertility in Sub Saharan Africa written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This examination of changes in adolescent fertility emphasizes the changing social context within which adolescent childbearing takes place.
Download or read book Social Referencing and the Social Construction of Reality in Infancy written by S. Feinman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrating the perspectives of a number of disciplines, this work examines social referencing in infants within the broader contexts of cognition, social relations, and human society as a whole.
Download or read book San Francisco HIV Prevention Plan written by HIV Prevention Planning Council and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Adolescents and AIDS written by Ralph J. DiClemente and published by SAGE Publications, Incorporated. This book was released on 1992-07-06 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There hasn't been a resource to inform readers about the HIV risk confronting our adolescent population--until now! In Adolescents and AIDS, leading researchers in health, medicine, sociology, and psychology describe the risks to this vulnerable population. Divided into three parts (epidemiology, prevention/risk reduction, and policy), this comprehensive book addresses not only adolescents in general, but includes specific chapters on high-risk populations such as minority, incarcerated and homeless youth. The authors explore the data and theoretical underpinnings necessary for designing and implementing effective risk-reduction and prevention programs by approaching the AIDS epidemic as a social and developmental crisis that adolescents are ill-prepared to address. While proposing appropriate theoretical models for behavior change, the book also evaluates the effectiveness of various intervention strategies ranging from school-based programs to mass-media approaches and offers public policy recommendations for intervening for this population. Health professionals, researchers, policy analysts, clinicians, counselors, and students will find this timely text a valuable resource.
