Download or read book Impact of Maternal Weight on Body Composition and Weight of the Infant written by Holly Renee Hull and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Study design. Seventy-two neonates (33 from normal mothers and 39 from overweight/obese mothers) of singleton pregnancies with normal glucose tolerance had their body weight and body composition assessed by air-displacement plethysmography.
Download or read book Weight Gain During Pregnancy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-14 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As women of childbearing age have become heavier, the trade-off between maternal and child health created by variation in gestational weight gain has become more difficult to reconcile. Weight Gain During Pregnancy responds to the need for a reexamination of the 1990 Institute of Medicine guidelines for weight gain during pregnancy. It builds on the conceptual framework that underscored the 1990 weight gain guidelines and addresses the need to update them through a comprehensive review of the literature and independent analyses of existing databases. The book explores relationships between weight gain during pregnancy and a variety of factors (e.g., the mother's weight and height before pregnancy) and places this in the context of the health of the infant and the mother, presenting specific, updated target ranges for weight gain during pregnancy and guidelines for proper measurement. New features of this book include a specific range of recommended gain for obese women. Weight Gain During Pregnancy is intended to assist practitioners who care for women of childbearing age, policy makers, educators, researchers, and the pregnant women themselves to understand the role of gestational weight gain and to provide them with the tools needed to promote optimal pregnancy outcomes.
Download or read book Influence of Pregnancy Weight on Maternal and Child Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-03-02 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Influence of Pregnancy Weight on Maternal and Child Health: Workshop Report summarizes a one and a half day workshop convened in May 2006 that reviewed U.S. trends in maternal weight (prior to, during, and after pregnancy) among different populations of women; examined the emerging research findings related to the complex relationship of the biological, behavioral, psychological, and social interactions that affect maternal and pregnancy weight on maternal and child health outcomes; and discussed interventions that use this complex relationship to promote appropriate weight during pregnancy and postpartum. Given the unprecedented environment in the United States in which two-thirds of the adult population meets the criteria for being overweight or obese, the implications for women in the reproductive age period are unique in the history of the country. The concerns for maternal and infant health are real. The questions and answers tackled by committee members and workshop participants were not easy. Nevertheless, having an opportunity to explore what is known, examine the gaps in knowledge, and explore what to do now and in the future build a pathway for further inquiry and action. This report summarizes the workshop proceedings and highlights key themes that deserve further attention. The participants in this workshop describe what is known about recent trends in maternal weight gain and the impact of maternal weight during pregnancy on the health of mothers and their children. The workshop provided a valuable opportunity to assess trends that have occurred since the publication of an earlier study by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), which included guidelines for recommended weight gain during pregnancy.
Download or read book Body composition of parents and their infants written by Pontus Henriksson and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2015-04-27 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Body composition in infancy may be of importance for later health. In particular, infant body composition may be relevant regarding obesity risk in childhood. Recent advances in body composition methodology using air displacement plethysmography (ADP) have provided possibilities to accurately measure body composition of infants in a quick and non-invasive manner. The aims of this thesis were to study associations of parental body composition using ADP, glucose homeostasis during pregnancy and infant genetics with infant body composition also using ADP. When using ADP in adults, a correction for the thoracic gas volume (TGV) is needed and TGV can be predicted using equations developed in nonpregnant adults. Thus another aim was to study the validity of using such equations during pregnancy. Parent couples were invited to this study at a routine visit to a maternity clinic in Linköping between September 2008 and October 2010. When the mother was in gestational week 32, parental body composition using ADP and maternal glucose homeostasis variables were assessed. Size and body composition of healthy, singleton and full term (? 37 gestational weeks) infants were measured at 1 and 12 weeks of age and a total of 211 infants were included in the studies. Weight and length at 1 year of age were reported by parents. Saliva samples were collected from the infants to obtain DNA for genotyping of the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene. Body composition results calculated using measured and predicted TGV were compared in 27 women. Results showed that predicted TGV yields a very marginal overestimation (0.5 %) of fat mass (FM). Further, each kg increase in maternal and paternal fat-free mass (FFM) was associated with 15.6 g (P=0.001) and 9.1 g (P=0.007), respectively, more FFM in their 1-week old infants. FM of fathers was not related to infant FM. However, maternal FM was positively associated with FM of daughters (5.8 g/kg, P=0.007), but not of sons (P=0.79) at 1 week of age. Similarly, each standard deviation increase in maternal HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance) was related to 52.7 more g of FM (P<0.001) in 1-weekold daughters, but no such relationship was found for sons (P=0.79). The number of risk alleles at the FTO locus rs9939609 was not associated with infant body mass index (BMI) or infant FM at 1 or 12 weeks of age. However, the number of risk alleles was positively associated (P?0.033) with infant length at 1 and 12 weeks of age, and the results suggested that this association was stronger in boys than in girls. The results presented in this thesis show that: i) The use of predicted TGV when applying ADP in gestational week 32 overestimated % FM only slightly. ii) Associations between parental and infant body composition are present early in life. Thus, parental FFM was positively related to FFM in 1-week-old infants. Furthermore, maternal FM and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were positively related to FM of 1-week-old daughters, but no such relationships were observed for sons. iii) The FTO genotype is not associated with infant body fatness at 1 or 12 weeks of age. However, the results suggested that the number of FTO risk alleles is positively associated with infant length, especially in boys. In conclusion, parental and genetic factors were associated with infant size and body composition and these relationships may be of importance for future body composition and health.
Download or read book Human Body Composition written by Steven Heymsfield and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2005 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2nd edition of Human Body Composition includes updated information and new chapters. The editors and 35 contributors are well respected researchers in the field of body composition science. This is one of few texts that provides comprehensive coverage of body composition research. The primary intent is to present current information on research methods. This book can serve as a textbook for those who are students or new researchers. Descriptions of various methods and background information are imparted in great detail with numerous references. New chapters address energy expenditure, animal body composition, molecular genetics and body composition as it relates to disease states of cancer, HIV, obesity and certain inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, congestive heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This book is recommended for students and new researchers in the field of body composition research who need to learn various methods, histories and practical applications--Publisher's description.
Download or read book HALE HARTMANNS TEXTBK OF HUM written by Thomas W. Hale and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2017-01-12 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by many of the world's leading lactation experts, the Textbook of Human Lactation incorporates evidence-based scientific knowledge to address key topics of importance in breastfeeding such as Anatomy and Biochemistry, Immunobiology, Breastfeeding Management in Infant and Mother, Maternal and Infant Nutrition, and Medications and Breastfeeding. Specific and detailed information is provided on the following: Complete description of the anatomy and physiology of the lactating breast Detailed explanation of the immunobiology of human milk Description of difficult syndromes and conditions in the infant and breastfeeding mother, and how to overcome these challenges Thorough discussion of the of the emotional and physiological component of breastfeeding, especially as it relates to mother/infant co-sleeping Detailed description of the nutritional competition and components of human milk Explanation of the science of drug transport into human milk, and the use of medications in breastfeeding mothers Discusses breastfeeding in the context of important topics such as infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), vitamin D, birth spacing, and family planning.
Download or read book Maternal Obesity written by Kathryn Silliman and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Weight Management written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-12-01 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary purpose of fitness and body composition standards in the U.S. Armed Forces has always been to select individuals best suited to the physical demands of military service, based on the assumption that proper body weight and composition supports good health, physical fitness, and appropriate military appearance. The current epidemic of overweight and obesity in the United States affects the military services. The pool of available recruits is reduced because of failure to meet body composition standards for entry into the services and a high percentage of individuals exceeding military weight-for-height standards at the time of entry into the service leave the military before completing their term of enlistment. To aid in developing strategies for prevention and remediation of overweight in military personnel, the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command requested the Committee on Military Nutrition Research to review the scientific evidence for: factors that influence body weight, optimal components of a weight loss and weight maintenance program, and the role of gender, age, and ethnicity in weight management.
Download or read book Protecting Infants through Human Milk written by Larry K. Pickering and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protecting Infants through Human Milk: Advancing the Scientific Evidence provides a forum in which basic scientists, clinicians, epidemiologists, and policy makers exchange the latest findings regarding the effects of human milk and breastfeeding on infant and maternal health, thereby fostering new and promising collaborations. This volume also integrates data from animal and in vitro laboratory studies with clinical and population studies to examine human milk production and composition, the mechanisms of infant protection and/or risk from human milk feeding, and proposed interventions related to infant feeding practices. Additionally, it stimulates critical evaluation of, and advances in, the scientific evidence base and research methods, and identifies the research priorities in various areas.
Download or read book The 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey NMIHS written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This publication reports the results of three meetings held to plan the 1988 National Material and Infant Health Survey (NMIHS). The purposes of the meetings were: to layout methodological and policy issues which will affect the 1988 NMIHS; to examine the relationship of the 1988 NMIHS to other National Center for Health Statistics surveys; and to review contracting mechanisms ann funding sources annd alternatives.
Download or read book Body Composition Assessment from Birth to Two Years of Age written by and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2013 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication was developed by an international group of experts as an integral part of the IAEAs efforts to contribute to the transfer of technology and capacity building in this field in order to assist Member States in their efforts to improve the nutrition and health of the most vulnerable population groups, infants and young children. The book provides practical information on the assessment of body composition from birth up to two years of age and is intended for nutritionists, pediatricians and other health professionals. The body composition assessment techniques included in this publication were selected as methodologies with the highest potential for standardization globally based on considerations such as access to equipment, cost and the training needs of staff and include stable isotope dilution for total body water assessment, as well as dual energy X ray absorptiometry and air displacement plethysmography. In addition, the importance of standardization of anthrop
Download or read book Nutrition During Pregnancy written by Committee on Nutritional Status During Pregnancy and Lactation and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1990-01-15 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Part I of Nutrition During Pregnancy, the authors call for revisions in recommended weight gains for pregnant women. They explore relationships between weight gain during pregnancy and a variety of factors (e.g., the mother's weight for height before pregnancy) and places this in the context of the health of the infant and the mother. They present specific target ranges for weight gain during pregnancy and guidelines for proper measurement. Part II addresses vitamin and mineral supplementation during pregnancy, examining the adequacy of diet in meeting nutrient needs during pregnancy and recommending specific amounts of supplements for special circumstances. It also covers the effects of caffeine, alcohol, cigarette, marijuana, and cocaine use and presents specific research recommendations.
Download or read book Effect of Maternal Nutritional Intake on Baby s Body Composition at Birth in Obese Women written by Praneeta Chodavarapu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purpose: This study was to determine the relationship of maternal nutrition in obesewomen on infant body composition.Methods: Healthy, obese (BMI > 25 kg/m2) pregnant women between the ages of 18 and40 years and GA of 8 to 16 weeks were recruited at MHMC. Exclusion criteria were anymajor maternal or infant illnesses. During the first and third trimesters, all mothersunderwent a detailed nutritional assessment, body composition and BMI. Infant bodycomposition was measured during the first week of life.Results: In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, carbohydrate intake, Omega 3:6 ratioand physical activity in early pregnancy were independently associated with the infant’s%BF (adjusted r squared 0.245, P = 0.006).Conclusions: Increased maternal carbohydrate intake, decreased omega 3:6 ratio andphysical activity during early pregnancy are significantly associated with increased infant%BF. This implies that the critical window for affecting adiposity is early in pregnancyand not later.
Download or read book The Effect of Prepregnancy Weight Weight Gain During Pregnancy and Maternal Metabolism on the Size of Infants Born to Obese Glucose tolerant Women written by Carol Porter and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Importance of Growth for Health and Development written by Alan Lucas and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growth is universally used by health care professionals and caregivers to judge the physical condition of babies and children: poor growth in early life has a negative impact on cognitive development and morbidity, whereas rapid and excessive growth is associated with a higher prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular disease. This publication explores in some detail the relationship between early growth patterns and later neurodevelopment, obesity, cardiovascular outcomes and longevity in both industrialzed and semi-industrialized societies. It consists of three parts that each deals with a specific topic: The first part focuses on the connection between early growth and obesity and cardiovascular outcomes. The next section concentrates on the interrelationship between growth and neurological development, and the last part is dedicated to the control as assessment of physical growth. Bringing together the expert opinions of outstanding clinicians and scientists, this book will be of particular value for pediatricians, public health scientists and epidemiologists.
Download or read book The Fetal Growth Study written by Rosalie Mignon Grivell and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background Maternal overweight and obesity pose significant risks both for the woman and her infant, including high infant birthweight. Gestational weight gain may also be an important factor in determining pregnancy outcomes. The effect of high maternal BMI and gestational weight gain on fetal growth and fetal body composition with reference to population standards has not been well described to date. Aims The aim of The Fetal Growth Study was to describe fetal growth and body composition prospectively in a large group of overweight and obese women during pregnancy and to examine the influence of maternal BMI and gestational weight gain on these measures. Methods Fetal biometric growth measures (biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length and estimated fetal weight) and fetal body composition (mid thigh lean and fat mass, abdominal fat mass and subscapular fat mass) were assessed prospectively using ultrasound at 28 and 36 weeks' gestation. Important maternal and fetal outcomes were collected including gestational weight gain and infant birthweight. Results The findings of The Fetal Growth Study indicate that maternal overweight and obesity is significantly associated with increased fetal growth, an effect that is evident from 20 weeks' gestation when compared with published normal values. Additionally, when compared with population standards, the relative contributions of head and abdominal growth change throughout pregnancy with abdominal growth dominating in the second trimester and head growth in the third trimester. Both maternal BMI category and gestational weight gain contribute to increased measures of fetal growth, predominantly through a modification of abdominal and overall growth. Gestational weight gain above current recommendations was associated with further increases in abdominal and overall growth. Maternal overweight and obesity is associated with a significant increase in fetal measures of both lean and fat mass. At 28 and 36 weeks, AC and EFW growth were associated with birthweight above 4500g, whilst HC was associated with birthweight above 4000g but not 4500g. Furthermore, EFW, head and abdominal growth were associated with mode of birth, with measures above the 90th percentile increasing the likelihood of caesarean section for women. The only predictor of clinical outcomes with a moderately useful positive likelihood ratio was fetal AC above the 90th percentile at 28 weeks (LR+ 6.56 for birthweight above 4500g, LR- 0.37). Conclusions Maternal overweight or obesity and gestational weight gain above recommended ranges influence fetal growth and fetal body composition from mid pregnancy. Gestational weight gain above current recommended ranges is associated with a further increase in measures of fetal growth and fetal fat mass. In women who are overweight or obese, growth above the 90th percentile in the third trimester is associated with high infant birthweight and an increased likelihood of caesarean section. Further research from ongoing prospective intervention studies will provide important information regarding the effect of limiting weight gain on fetal growth and body composition and important maternal and infant outcomes.
Download or read book Influence of Pregnancy Weight on Maternal and Child Health written by Committee on the Impact of Pregnancy Weight on Maternal and Child Health and published by . This book was released on 2007-01-30 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Influence of Pregnancy Weight on Maternal and Child Health: Workshop Report summarizes a one and a half day workshop convened in May 2006 that reviewed U.S. trends in maternal weight (prior to, during, and after pregnancy) among different populations of women; examined the emerging research findings related to the complex relationship of the biological, behavioral, psychological, and social interactions that affect maternal and pregnancy weight on maternal and child health outcomes; and discussed interventions that use this complex relationship to promote appropriate weight during pregnancy and postpartum. Given the unprecedented environment in the United States in which two-thirds of the adult population meets the criteria for being overweight or obese, the implications for women in the reproductive age period are unique in the history of the country. The concerns for maternal and infant health are real. The questions and answers tackled by committee members and workshop participants were not easy. Nevertheless, having an opportunity to explore what is known, examine the gaps in knowledge, and explore what to do now and in the future build a pathway for further inquiry and action. This report summarizes the workshop proceedings and highlights key themes that deserve further attention. The participants in this workshop describe what is known about recent trends in maternal weight gain and the impact of maternal weight during pregnancy on the health of mothers and their children. The workshop provided a valuable opportunity to assess trends that have occurred since the publication of an earlier study by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), which included guidelines for recommended weight gain during pregnancy.
