Download or read book Mussolini and the Eclipse of Italian Fascism written by R. J. B. Bosworth and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-02 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An incisive account of how Mussolini pioneered populism in reaction to Hitler's rise--and thereby reinforced his role as a model for later authoritarian leaders On the tenth anniversary of his rise to power in 1932, Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) seemed to many the "good dictator." He was the first totalitarian and the first fascist in modern Europe. But a year later Hitler's entrance onto the political stage signaled a German takeover of the fascist ideology. In this definitive account, eminent historian R.J.B. Bosworth charts Mussolini's leadership in reaction to Hitler. Bosworth shows how Italy's decline in ideological pre-eminence, as well as in military and diplomatic power, led Mussolini to pursue a more populist approach: angry and bellicose words at home, violent aggression abroad, and a more extreme emphasis on charisma. In his embittered efforts to bolster an increasingly hollow and ruthless regime, it was Mussolini, rather than Hitler, who offered the model for all subsequent authoritarians.

Download or read book Mussolini written by Richard J. B. Bosworth and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-03-04 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1945, disguised in German greatcoat and helmet, Mussolini attempted to escape from the advancing Allied armies. Unfortunately for him, the convoy of which he was part was stopped by partisans and his features, made so familiar by Fascist propaganda, gave him away. Within 24 hours he was executed by his captors, joining those he sent early to their graves as an outcome of his tyranny, at least one million people. He was one of the tyrant-killers who so scarred interwar Europe, but we cannot properly understand him or his regime by any simple equation with Hitler or Stalin. Like them, his life began modestly in the provinces; unlike them, he maintained a traditonal male family life, including both wife and mistresses, and sought in his way to be an intellectual. He was cruel (though not the cruellest); his racism existed, but never without the consistency and vigor that would have made him a good recruit for the SS. He sought an empire; but, in the most part, his was of the old-fashioned, costly, nineteenth century variety, not a racial or ideological imperium. And, self-evidently Italian society was not German or Russian: the particular patterns of that society shaped his dictatorship. Bosworth's Mussolini allows us to come closer than ever before to an appreciation of the life and actions of the man and of the political world and society within which he operated. With extraordinary skill and vividness, drawing on a huge range of sources, this biography paints a picture of brutality and failure, yet one tempered with an understanding of Mussolini as a human being, not so different from many of his contemporaries. 'The definitive study of the Italian dictator.' - Library Journal

Download or read book Mussolini and Italian Fascism written by Giuseppe Finaldi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fascism was one of the defining experiences of the European 20th Century. Within it many of the economic, political, social and cultural contradictions that had been brewing in the unprecedented transformation that European society underwent in the 19th and early 20th century came to a head. Mussolini, the man who most fashioned Italian Fascism, dramatically expressed the unease and the hopes of his age. To what extent can we compare Mussolini's Italy to Hitler's Germany or Stalin's Russia? What legacy has the experience of Fascism left behind in Italy and in Europe? These and many more important questions are explored in Finaldi's introduction to one of the most important movements of the European 20th Century.

Download or read book Mussolini s Italy written by R. J. B. Bosworth and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2007-01-30 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With Mussolini ’s Italy, R.J.B. Bosworth—the foremost scholar on the subject writing in English—vividly brings to life the period in which Italians participated in one of the twentieth century’s most notorious political experiments. Il Duce’s Fascists were the original totalitarians, espousing a cult of violence and obedience that inspired many other dictatorships, Hitler’s first among them. But as Bosworth reveals, many Italians resisted its ideology, finding ways, ingenious and varied, to keep Fascism from taking hold as deeply as it did in Germany. A sweeping chronicle of struggle in terrible times, this is the definitive account of Italy’s darkest hour.

Download or read book Conservatives and Right Radicals in Interwar Europe written by Marco Bresciani and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-30 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features a broad range of thematic and national case studies which explore the interrelations and confrontations between conservatives and the radical Right in the European and global contexts of the interwar years. It investigates the political, social, cultural, and economic issues that conservatives and radicals tried to address and solve in the aftermaths of the Great War. Conservative forces ended up prevailing over far-right forces in the 1920s, with the notable exception of the Fascist regime in Italy. But over the course of the 1930s, and the ascent of the Nazi regime in Germany, political radicalisation triggered both competition and hybridisation between conservative and right-wing radical forces, with increased power for far-right and fascist movements. The book will be of great interest to students and scholars of politics, history, fascism, and Nazism.

Download or read book Young Mussolini and the Intellectual Origins of Fascism written by A James Gregor and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2022-08-19 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1979.

Download or read book Mussolini and Hitler written by Christian Goeschel and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-25 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fresh treatment of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany reveals how the close relationship between Mussolini and Hitler influenced both men. From 1934 until 1944 Mussolini met Hitler numerous times, and the two developed a relationship that deeply affected both countries. While Germany is generally regarded as the senior power, Christian Goeschel demonstrates just how much history has underrepresented Mussolini’s influence on his German ally. A scholar of twentieth-century Germany and Italy, Goeschel revisits all of Mussolini and Hitler’s key meetings to examine how they constructed a powerful image of a strong Fascist-Nazi relationship that still resonates with the general public. His portrait of Mussolini draws on sources ranging beyond political history to reveal a leader who, at times, shaped Hitler’s decisions and was not the gullible buffoon he’s often portrayed as. The first comprehensive study of the Mussolini-Hitler relationship, this book is a must-read for scholars and anyone interested in the history of European fascism, World War II, or political leadership.

Download or read book Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918 1945 from the Archives of the German Foreign Ministry written by Germany. Auswärtiges Amt and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 1040 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Documents on German foreign policy written by and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 1036 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mussolini in the First World War written by Paul O'Brien and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2014-03-04 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How did Benito Mussolini come to fascism? Standard accounts of the dictator have failed to explain satisfactorily the transition from his pre-World War I 'socialism' to his post-war fascism. This controversial new book is the first to examine closely Mussolini's political trajectory during the Great War as evidenced in his journalistic writings, speeches and war diary, as well as some previously unexamined archive material. The author argues that the 1914-18 conflict provided the catalyst for Mussolini to clarify his deep-rooted nationalist tendencies. He demonstrates that Mussolini's interventionism was already anti-socialist and anti-democratic in the early autumn of 1914 and shows how in and through the experience of the conflict the future duce fine-tuned his authoritarian and totalitarian vision of Italy in a state of permanent mobilization for war. Providing a radical new interpretation of one of the most important dictators of the twentieth century, Mussolini in the First World War will appeal to anyone who wants to learn more about the roots of fascism in modern Europe.

Download or read book Mussolini s Early Diplomacy written by Alan Cassels and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-03-08 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In October 1922 Mussolini became the constitutional head of the Italian government; by late 1926 he had imposed a Fascist dictatorship on Italy. Professor Cassels, who argues that Mussolini's policies in the 1930s, the era of the Rome- Berlin axis, were foreshadowed by those of the 1920s, traces the stages by which Mussolini took control of Italy's foreign relations. Within the period 1922-1927, Mussolini, biased against democratic states, moved away from Italy's wartime alliance with Britain and France to a policy in favor of authoritarian force. France became the "moral rival"; and the Anglo-Italian entente, calculated to insure British good will, soon cooled as Mussolini sought to realize an Italian empire in the Mediterranean basin. Italy's career diplomats, who at first had tried to restrain Mussolini's adventurism, by 1927 were totally in the background. Mussolini emerges, therefore, as a more radical and far less conventional Italian statesman than he is usually depicted in other historical studies. Originally published in 1970. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Download or read book Italy and the Wider World written by R.J.B. Bosworth and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Richard Bosworth's overview of Italy's role in European and world politics from 1860 to 1960 is lively and iconclastic. Based on a combination of primary research and secondary material he examines Italian diplomacy, military power, commerce, culture, tourism and ideology. His account challenges many aspects of current Italian historiography and offers an original vision of the place of Italy in modern history.

Download or read book Fascist Italy and the League of Nations 1922 1935 written by Elisabetta Tollardo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-27 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the relationship between Fascist Italy and the League of Nations in the interwar years. By uncovering the traces of those Italians working in the organization, this volume investigates Fascist Italy’s membership of the League, and explores the dynamics between nationalism and internationalism in Geneva. The relationship between Fascist Italy and the League of Nations was contradictory, shifting from active collaboration to open disagreement. Previous literature has not reflected this oscillation in policy, focusing disproportionally on the problems Italy caused for the League, such as the Ethiopian crisis. Yet Fascist Italy remained in the League for more than fifteen years, and was the third largest power within the institution. How did a Fascist dictatorship fit into an organization espousing principles of liberal internationalism? By using archival sources from four countries, Elisabetta Tollardo shows that Fascist Italy was much more concerned with, and involved in, the League than currently believed.

Download or read book Mussolini and the Origins of the Second World War 1933 1940 written by Robert Mallett and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-04-17 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The true nature of Mussolini's foreign policy during the late interwar period has been the subject of considerable controversy. Was Mussolini in reality pro-British, even as late as June 1940; or was his international policy more sinister and based on conquering a Fascist empire in North Africa and the Middle East? Robert Mallett makes use of much new archival evidence in order to answer this riddle of interwar history. Mallett argues that Mussolini had harboured imperial designs in the Mediterranean and Red Sea from as early as 1919, but that not until 1933, with the rise of Hitler, was it possible for Fascist Italy to pursue a programme of territorial expansion. Previously unpublished material also casts new light on the Nazi-Fascist relationship, revealing it to be at times paranoid, acrimonious and duplicitous on both sides. Although the book focuses on Italian policy, it provides an important reassessment of the Ethiopian Crisis, the Spanish Civil War, the Austro-German Anschluss, Munich and the run up to the Second World War. Mallett shows that it is erroneous to place excessive emphasis on the role of Adolf Hitler in subverting the interwar international order, and demonstrates that Mussolini was heavily implicated in the global conflict that erupted in September 1939.

Download or read book Origins of the Second World War Reconsidered written by Gordon Martel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-02-07 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When A.J.P. Taylor's The Origins of the Second World War appeared in 1961 it made a profound impact. The book became a classic and a central point of reference in all discussion on the Second World War. The second edition of this distinguished collection, written by leading experts in the field, is designed to bring the state of the argument up to date. The issues discussed include: * the legacy of the Treaty of Versailles * Hitlers foreign policy * Appeasement * AJP Taylor and the Russians * the treatment of the crises leading up to war including the Anschluss, Danzig, Abysinnian crises and the Spanish Civil War. This second edition will ensure that The Origins of the Second World War will remain a high priority student and scholarly reading lists.

Download or read book Italy and the Middle East written by Paolo Soave and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Italy played a vital role in the Cold War dynamics that shaped the Middle East in the latter part of the 20th century. It was a junior partner in the strategic plans of NATO and warmly appreciated by some Arab countries for its regional approach. But Italian foreign policy towards the Middle East balanced between promoting dialogue, stability and cooperation on one hand, and colluding with global superpower manoeuvres to exploit existing tensions and achieve local influence on the other. Italy and the Middle East brings together a range of experts on Italian international relations to analyse, for the first time in English, the country's Cold War relationship with the Middle East. Chapters covering a wide range of defining twentieth century events - from the Arab-Israeli conflict and the Lebanese Civil War, to the Iranian Revolution and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan – demonstrate the nuances of Italian foreign policy in dealing with the complexity of Middle Eastern relations. The collection demonstrates the interaction of local and global issues in shaping Italy's international relations with the Middle East, making it essential reading to students of the Cold War, regional interactions, and the international relations of Italy and the Middle East.

Download or read book IL GRANDE NIDO che ha dato ORIGINE al BIG BANG DEI BUCHI NERI DI STEPHEN HAWKING written by William Moreira and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2014-02-14 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stephen Hawking avrebbe dovuto passare più tempo ad aiutare la scienza medica a risolvere i problemi, compreso il suo, anziché cercare buchi neri nelle profondità della sua “mente brillante”, criticando aspramente quella che lo ha creato. Il dramma che lo ha reso disabile avrebbe potuto spingerlo a usare la sua “mente brillante” per aiutare gli altri sulla terra, invece di cercare buchi neri e inseguire l’infinitesimo, lasciando che se ne occupino quelli che non sono in condizioni fisiche come la sua. Avrebbe potuto divertirsi con un telescopio a casa sua, come facevo io quando abitavo a Miami, North Miami Beach, e poi a Oakland Park, mentre lo scorrere del tempo scandiva la mia vita. A quanto ne so, l’orgoglio di essere l’uomo dei buchi neri non lo sta aiutando, perché avrebbe dovuto spiegarci come difenderci da questi mostri anti Dio. Se uno di loro va fuori orbita e ci viene addosso, lui e la sua famiglia diventano cibo per buchi neri, poiché non hanno un Dio che li difende. Questi divoratori della galassia terrorizzano angeli e demoni, e turbano i sogni dei bambini.