EBookClubs

Read Books & Download eBooks Full Online

EBookClubs

Read Books & Download eBooks Full Online

Book Identifying Typologies of Breast Cancer Patients Based on Multiple Individual and Contextual Factors for Timely Treatment Initiation

Download or read book Identifying Typologies of Breast Cancer Patients Based on Multiple Individual and Contextual Factors for Timely Treatment Initiation written by Sharon Baik and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rationale: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer, excluding skin cancers, and is the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. Despite advancements in screening, early detection, and cancer treatments, not all women have benefited equally. Racial and ethnic minorities, particularly African American women, and those of low income have higher breast cancer mortality rates compared to the general population. Previous research has identified a number of demographic (e.g., race/ethnicity, age, health insurance, income), medical (e.g., comorbidities with other illnesses, family medical history), environmental (e.g., geographic area), and health system (e.g., type of cancer-related services available) factors associated with breast cancer disparities. However, these factors have largely been examined individually, and no study has comprehensively evaluated how multiple individual and contextual factors impact breast cancer outcomes. Therefore, this dissertation project had two primary aims: 1) to identify distinct subgroups of breast cancer patients based on demographic, medical, environmental, and health system factors that have been shown to influence timeliness of breast cancer care, and 2) to examine differences among emergent classes in timely initiation of breast cancer treatment. Design: The proposed study used archival data from the control arm of the Patient Navigation Research Project (PNRP), a five-year 10-site clinical trial of adult patients from medically underserved populations with an abnormal cancer screening or a new diagnosis of breast, cervical, colorectal, or prostate cancer. For this study, the sample included 198 patients with newly diagnosed Stage I-III breast cancer who received usual standard of care (control arm) from four PNRP sites, and who received a treatment for breast cancer (e.g., surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, hormonal therapy). Control participants were primarily recruited via medical record abstraction for which informed consent was waived. Exploratory Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to identify subgroups of breast cancer patients based on demographic (race/ethnicity, age at diagnosis, health insurance status, annual household income), medical (comorbidities [Charlson Comorbidity Index], family history of cancer), environmental (geographic residence [urban vs. rural], and health system (cancer-related services available onsite) factors associated with timeliness of breast cancer care. For the second aim, the study conducted logistic regression analyses to examine if class membership significantly predicted timely breast cancer treatment initiation, defined as initiation of any treatment for breast cancer (e.g., surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, hormonal therapy) within 30 or 60 days of diagnosis, controlling for type of breast cancer treatment. Results: Three classes of breast cancer patients were identified with varying patterns of patient demographic, medical, and health system characteristics. The first class was distinguished by its high endorsement of indicators associated with timely breast cancer care; patients in this class were most likely to be White, have private health insurance, and have a family history of cancer. The second class was characterized by individual and contextual factors associated with treatment delays, including having public health insurance, not having a family history of cancer, and receiving care at a facility with the least amount of breast cancer services available onsite. The third class represented breast cancer patients with the oldest average age at diagnosis and the greatest number of medical comorbidities. Binomial logistic regression analyses demonstrated that the emergent classes did not significantly differ in the likelihood of initiating breast cancer treatment within 30 days or 60 days from breast cancer diagnosis, controlling for type of treatment. Conclusions: The present study used LCA to derive classes of breast cancer patients based on simultaneous evaluation of demographic, medical, environmental, and health system factors associated with timely breast cancer care. However, the emergent classes did not significantly differ in terms of timely initiation of breast cancer treatment following definitive diagnosis of breast cancer. The relatively small and homogenous study sample may have obscured differences in timeliness of breast cancer treatment initiation. Future studies should utilize LCA with larger, more diverse samples of breast cancer patients to identify distinct classes with unique combinations of individual and contextual characteristics that influence timeliness of breast cancer care. Identification of distinct typologies of breast cancer patients provides a deeper understanding of how the combination of factors synergistically impacts breast cancer outcomes and can help target interventions to specific subgroups of patients that are most likely to experience delays in breast cancer care.

Book A Phenomenological Approach to Understanding how Women Make Breast Cancer Treatment Decisions Within the Context of Communities

Download or read book A Phenomenological Approach to Understanding how Women Make Breast Cancer Treatment Decisions Within the Context of Communities written by Lailea J. Noel and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African-American women have a 40% higher mortality rate from breast cancer than White women. While there are many factors contributing to this disparity, the timely initiation of treatment is growing area of interest. Certain treatments are associated with increased survival for women with a breast cancer diagnosis, yet evidence suggests that African American women use these treatments less frequently compared to White women with similar tumor characteristics. An under-explored area of attention for scientific studies is how to identify and engage in care women who do not follow up with treatment following a suspicious finding. To date these women have not been included in research focused on understanding treatment decisions and patient engagement in care decisions. Often these are among the most marginalized women of our society who have some of the highest rates of mortality from many different health related outcomes. This study helps to fill this gap by identifying and engaging these women in research. This study explored in-depth the lived experience of eight African American women, living in a socially and economically isolated environment in a large metropolitan area. In all cases the initiation of treatment was delayed for more than six-months, with a delay in the initiation of treatment of more than a year in three of the eight examples and more than two years in one of the eight examples. In accordance with phenomenological qualitative methodology, the interviews were open-ended, allowing for rich, in-depth data to emerge relatively unbiased by the assumptions and expectations of the researcher. The research questions for this study were: (1) What are the lived experiences of African American women who had not followed up with care for a diagnosis of breast cancer for 6-months or more following a suspicious finding? (2) How does she apply meaning to the process of deciding whether or not to initiate treatment? and (3) Under what socioeconomic circumstances does the phenomenon (a delay in treatment initiation) persist? Key findings suggest that engaging patients in health care decision making necessitates a better understanding of the processes involved in treating breast cancer, the impact that the side-effects may have on her quality of life, and access to patient support services to counter these side-effects. Also, the findings from this study highlight that most of the communication about treatment initiation occurred at the primary care level, prior to initiating contact with oncology services. Primary care proved to be the most important provider-patient relationship for these women. It is where they go with initial concerns about their breasts and where they return for more information about treatments and patient support for side-effects. Furthermore, the context within how they experienced the phenomenon is structured by underlying conceptualizations of chronic traumatic events coupled with community resource deserts. Finally, all of the women reported keeping their illness to themselves and described social and cultural barriers to utilizing available support systems to assist with unmet needs. All of these situations taken together allowed the delay in the initiation of treatment for breast cancer to persist. These results indicate that future interventions focused on engaging women in care decisions and decreasing socioeconomic barriers to the initiation of the treatment for breast cancer should take place between primary care providers, oncologists, and their patients and focus on de-mystifying the process of treatment. Incorporating this information, as a type of barrier-focused community-based intervention, or improved case management services to assist cancer patients in the primary care setting, would impact cancer mortality outcomes.

Book Improving Diagnosis in Health Care

    Book Details:
  • Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
  • Publisher : National Academies Press
  • Release : 2015-12-29
  • ISBN : 0309377722
  • Pages : 473 pages

Download or read book Improving Diagnosis in Health Care written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-12-29 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Getting the right diagnosis is a key aspect of health care - it provides an explanation of a patient's health problem and informs subsequent health care decisions. The diagnostic process is a complex, collaborative activity that involves clinical reasoning and information gathering to determine a patient's health problem. According to Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, diagnostic errors-inaccurate or delayed diagnoses-persist throughout all settings of care and continue to harm an unacceptable number of patients. It is likely that most people will experience at least one diagnostic error in their lifetime, sometimes with devastating consequences. Diagnostic errors may cause harm to patients by preventing or delaying appropriate treatment, providing unnecessary or harmful treatment, or resulting in psychological or financial repercussions. The committee concluded that improving the diagnostic process is not only possible, but also represents a moral, professional, and public health imperative. Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, a continuation of the landmark Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human (2000) and Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001), finds that diagnosis-and, in particular, the occurrence of diagnostic errorsâ€"has been largely unappreciated in efforts to improve the quality and safety of health care. Without a dedicated focus on improving diagnosis, diagnostic errors will likely worsen as the delivery of health care and the diagnostic process continue to increase in complexity. Just as the diagnostic process is a collaborative activity, improving diagnosis will require collaboration and a widespread commitment to change among health care professionals, health care organizations, patients and their families, researchers, and policy makers. The recommendations of Improving Diagnosis in Health Care contribute to the growing momentum for change in this crucial area of health care quality and safety.

Book Fulfilling the Potential of Cancer Prevention and Early Detection

Download or read book Fulfilling the Potential of Cancer Prevention and Early Detection written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-07 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer ranks second only to heart disease as a leading cause of death in the United States, making it a tremendous burden in years of life lost, patient suffering, and economic costs. Fulfilling the Potential for Cancer Prevention and Early Detection reviews the proof that we can dramatically reduce cancer rates. The National Cancer Policy Board, part of the Institute of Medicine, outlines a national strategy to realize the promise of cancer prevention and early detection, including specific and wide-ranging recommendations. Offering a wealth of information and directly addressing major controversies, the book includes: A detailed look at how significantly cancer could be reduced through lifestyle changes, evaluating approaches used to alter eating, smoking, and exercise habits. An analysis of the intuitive notion that screening for cancer leads to improved health outcomes, including a discussion of screening methods, potential risks, and current recommendations. An examination of cancer prevention and control opportunities in primary health care delivery settings, including a review of interventions aimed at improving provider performance. Reviews of professional education and training programs, research trends and opportunities, and federal programs that support cancer prevention and early detection. This in-depth volume will be of interest to policy analysts, cancer and public health specialists, health care administrators and providers, researchers, insurers, medical journalists, and patient advocates.

Book Breast Cancer in Young Women

Download or read book Breast Cancer in Young Women written by Oreste Gentilini and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-07 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This contributed book covers all aspects concerning the clinical scenario of breast cancer in young women, providing physicians with the latest information on the topic. Young women are a special subset of patients whose care requires dedicated expertise. The book, written and edited by internationally recognized experts who have been directly involved in the international consensus guidelines for breast cancer in young women, pays particular attention to how the disease and its planned treatment can be effectively communicated to young patients. Highly informative and carefully structured, it provides both theoretical and practice-oriented insight for practitioners and professionals involved in the different phases of treatment, from diagnosis to intervention, to follow-up – without neglecting the important role played by prevention.

Book Timely Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer

Download or read book Timely Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer written by Louise Olsson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes current knowledge and outlines directions for the future on how to improve the art of diagnosing colorectal cancer with emphasis on timeliness, one of the most vital issues in cancer management. Using a comprehensive, multi-discliplinary approach, it provides an overview of decisive factors in timely diagnosis of colorectal cancer from symptom scores and symptom awareness to technical aspects. The book starts by discussing early diagnosis from the perspective of patients, including the importance of awareness in the general population as well as psychological aspects. It then goes on to discuss issues of importance to clinicians, such as fast tracking, laboratory testing, improving technical skills and optimizing endoscopy services. In addition, more practical issues such as cost-effectiveness and auditing are also extensively discussed. By focusing on one specific but common form of cancer the content translates well across the scope of other cancer types and can be used by professionals working on different cancer types. This book provides clinicians, clinical researchers and policymakers with a comprehensive overview of the field of timeliness in diagnosing colorectal cancer. By addressing the challenges posed in the management of symptomatic patients it informs and educates the experts and could help improve diagnosis.

Book Care Without Coverage

    Book Details:
  • Author : Institute of Medicine
  • Publisher : National Academies Press
  • Release : 2002-06-20
  • ISBN : 0309083435
  • Pages : 213 pages

Download or read book Care Without Coverage written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-06-20 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many Americans believe that people who lack health insurance somehow get the care they really need. Care Without Coverage examines the real consequences for adults who lack health insurance. The study presents findings in the areas of prevention and screening, cancer, chronic illness, hospital-based care, and general health status. The committee looked at the consequences of being uninsured for people suffering from cancer, diabetes, HIV infection and AIDS, heart and kidney disease, mental illness, traumatic injuries, and heart attacks. It focused on the roughly 30 million-one in seven-working-age Americans without health insurance. This group does not include the population over 65 that is covered by Medicare or the nearly 10 million children who are uninsured in this country. The main findings of the report are that working-age Americans without health insurance are more likely to receive too little medical care and receive it too late; be sicker and die sooner; and receive poorer care when they are in the hospital, even for acute situations like a motor vehicle crash.

Book Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate

Download or read book Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate written by Andrew W. Bruce and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carcinoma of the prostate increasingly dominates the attention of urologists for both scientific and clinical reasons. The search for an explanation and the prediction of the variable behaviour of the malignant prostatic cell continues unabated. The search for more precise tumour staging and more effective treatment is equally vigorous. Editors Andrew Bruce and John Trachtenberg have assembled acknowledged leaders in prostate cancer to present those areas of direct interest to the clinician. There are a number of other topics that might have been considered but most of these, such as experimental tumour models or biochemical factors affecting cell growth, still lack immediate application for the clinician. Carcinoma of the prostate continues to have its highest incidence in the western world, and the difference in comparison with the incidence in the Far East appears to be real and not masked by diagnostic or other factors. A number of other epidemiological aspects need careful analysis: Is the incidence increasing? Is the survival improving? Is the prognosis worse in the younger patient? Epidemiological data are easily misused and misinterpreted so that a precise analysis of the known facts makes an important opening chapter to this book.

Book Radiotherapy in Cancer Care

Download or read book Radiotherapy in Cancer Care written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2017-11-28 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer treatment is complex and calls for a diverse set of services. Radiation therapy is recognized as an essential tool in the cure and palliation of cancer. Currently, access to radiation treatment is limited in many countries and non-existent in some. This lack of radiation therapy resources exacerbates the burden of disease and underscores the continuing health care disparity among States. Closing this gap represents an essential measure in addressing this global health equity problem. This publication presents a comprehensive overview of the major topics and issues to be taken into consideration when planning a strategy to address this problem, in particular in low and middle income countries. With contributions from leaders in the field, it provides an introduction to the achievements and issues of radiation therapy as a cancer treatment modality around the world. Dedicated chapters focus on the new radiotherapy technologies, proton beams, carbon ion, intraoperative radiotherapy, radiotherapy for children, treatment of HIV-AIDS malignancies, and costing and quality management issues.

Book Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities

Download or read book Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media.

Book AJCC Cancer Staging Manual

    Book Details:
  • Author : Frederick L, Greene
  • Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
  • Release : 2013-11-21
  • ISBN : 1475736568
  • Pages : 386 pages

Download or read book AJCC Cancer Staging Manual written by Frederick L, Greene and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American Joint Committee on Cancer's Cancer Staging Manual is used by physicians throughout the world to diagnose cancer and determine the extent to which cancer has progressed. All of the TNM staging information included in this Sixth Edition is uniform between the AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) and the UICC (International Union Against Cancer). In addition to the information found in the Handbook, the Manual provides standardized data forms for each anatomic site, which can be utilized as permanent patient records, enabling clinicians and cancer research scientists to maintain consistency in evaluating the efficacy of diagnosis and treatment. The CD-ROM packaged with each Manual contains printable copies of each of the book’s 45 Staging Forms.

Book Preoperative  Neoadjuvant  Chemotherapy

Download or read book Preoperative Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy written by Joseph Ragaz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite recent advances in adjuvant therapies of cancer, the regi mens of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy treatment which are presently available fail to cure the majority of cancer patients. Pre operative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy represents a new approach in drug scheduling, based on sound theoretical, pharmacokinetic, and experimental principles. The preoperative timing of chemotherapy before definitive sur gery is not a minor change in the therapy of cancer. To be successful, large numbers of practitioners and their patients must participate. Substantial alterations of many aspects of the present management of cancer will have to follow. Therefore, before such therapy can be fully and routinely implemented, results of the novel treatment and its rationale have to be carefully evaluated. In preoperative treatment, other features will likely gain impor tance. For the first time, clinicians have a chance to follow the in vivo response of the tumor exposed to preoperative chemotherapy. The subsequent histological assessment of the tumor sample may likely become an important prognostic guide, permitting more re fined individual approaches to the planning of postoperative adju vant treatment. The value of such a treatment strategy can already be appreciated in the clinical setting, as seen from the therapy of osteosarcoma. Furthermore, preoperative chemotherapy might render previously inoperable tumors operable and hence resectable with a curative intention. The preoperative reduction of tumor bulk may also effectively decrease the need for more radical operations, permitting a more uniform adoption of conservative surgery.

Book Occupational Therapy Practice Framework  Domain and Process

Download or read book Occupational Therapy Practice Framework Domain and Process written by Aota and published by AOTA Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As occupational therapy celebrates its centennial in 2017, attention returns to the profession's founding belief in the value of therapeutic occupations as a way to remediate illness and maintain health. The founders emphasized the importance of establishing a therapeutic relationship with each client and designing an intervention plan based on the knowledge about a client's context and environment, values, goals, and needs. Using today's lexicon, the profession's founders proposed a vision for the profession that was occupation based, client centered, and evidence based--the vision articulated in the third edition of the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process. The Framework is a must-have official document from the American Occupational Therapy Association. Intended for occupational therapy practitioners and students, other health care professionals, educators, researchers, payers, and consumers, the Framework summarizes the interrelated constructs that describe occupational therapy practice. In addition to the creation of a new preface to set the tone for the work, this new edition includes the following highlights: a redefinition of the overarching statement describing occupational therapy's domain; a new definition of clients that includes persons, groups, and populations; further delineation of the profession's relationship to organizations; inclusion of activity demands as part of the process; and even more up-to-date analysis and guidance for today's occupational therapy practitioners. Achieving health, well-being, and participation in life through engagement in occupation is the overarching statement that describes the domain and process of occupational therapy in the fullest sense. The Framework can provide the structure and guidance that practitioners can use to meet this important goal.

Book Identifying and Addressing the Needs of Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer

Download or read book Identifying and Addressing the Needs of Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer written by National Cancer Policy Forum and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-05-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identifying and Addressing the Needs of Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer is the summary of a workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine's National Cancer Policy Forum in July 2013 to facilitate discussion about gaps and challenges in caring for adolescent and young adult cancer patients and potential strategies and actions to improve the quality of their care. The workshop featured invited presentations from clinicians and other advocates working to improve the care and outcomes for the adolescent and young adult population with cancer. Cancer is the leading disease-related cause of death in adolescents and young adults. Each year nearly 70,000 people between the ages of 15 and 39 are diagnosed with cancer, approximately 8 times more than children under age 15. This population faces a variety of unique short- and long-term health and psychosocial issues, such as difficulty reentering school, the workforce, or the dating scene; problems with infertility; cardiac, pulmonary, or other treatment repercussions; and secondary malignancies. Survivors are also at increased risk for psychiatric conditions such as anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and suicide and may have difficulty acquiring health insurance and paying for needed care. Identifying and Addressing the Needs of Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer discusses a variety of topics important to adolescent and young adult patients with cancer, including the ways in which cancers affecting this group differ from cancers in other age groups and what that implies about the best treatments for these cancer patients. This report identifies gaps and challenges in providing optimal care to adolescent and young adult patients with cancer and to discuss potential strategies and actions to address them.

Book Health Professions Education

    Book Details:
  • Author : Institute of Medicine
  • Publisher : National Academies Press
  • Release : 2003-07-01
  • ISBN : 030913319X
  • Pages : 191 pages

Download or read book Health Professions Education written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Institute of Medicine study Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001) recommended that an interdisciplinary summit be held to further reform of health professions education in order to enhance quality and patient safety. Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality is the follow up to that summit, held in June 2002, where 150 participants across disciplines and occupations developed ideas about how to integrate a core set of competencies into health professions education. These core competencies include patient-centered care, interdisciplinary teams, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, and informatics. This book recommends a mix of approaches to health education improvement, including those related to oversight processes, the training environment, research, public reporting, and leadership. Educators, administrators, and health professionals can use this book to help achieve an approach to education that better prepares clinicians to meet both the needs of patients and the requirements of a changing health care system.

Book Delivering High Quality Cancer Care

    Book Details:
  • Author : Committee on Improving the Quality of Cancer Care: Addressing the Challenges of an Aging Population
  • Publisher : National Academies Press
  • Release : 2014-01-10
  • ISBN : 9780309286602
  • Pages : 0 pages

Download or read book Delivering High Quality Cancer Care written by Committee on Improving the Quality of Cancer Care: Addressing the Challenges of an Aging Population and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, approximately 14 million people have had cancer and more than 1.6 million new cases are diagnosed each year. However, more than a decade after the Institute of Medicine (IOM) first studied the quality of cancer care, the barriers to achieving excellent care for all cancer patients remain daunting. Care often is not patient-centered, many patients do not receive palliative care to manage their symptoms and side effects from treatment, and decisions about care often are not based on the latest scientific evidence. The cost of cancer care also is rising faster than many sectors of medicine--having increased to $125 billion in 2010 from $72 billion in 2004--and is projected to reach $173 billion by 2020. Rising costs are making cancer care less affordable for patients and their families and are creating disparities in patients' access to high-quality cancer care. There also are growing shortages of health professionals skilled in providing cancer care, and the number of adults age 65 and older--the group most susceptible to cancer--is expected to double by 2030, contributing to a 45 percent increase in the number of people developing cancer. The current care delivery system is poorly prepared to address the care needs of this population, which are complex due to altered physiology, functional and cognitive impairment, multiple coexisting diseases, increased side effects from treatment, and greater need for social support. Delivering High-Quality Cancer Care: Charting a New Course for a System in Crisis presents a conceptual framework for improving the quality of cancer care. This study proposes improvements to six interconnected components of care: (1) engaged patients; (2) an adequately staffed, trained, and coordinated workforce; (3) evidence-based care; (4) learning health care information technology (IT); (5) translation of evidence into clinical practice, quality measurement and performance improvement; and (6) accessible and affordable care. This report recommends changes across the board in these areas to improve the quality of care. Delivering High-Quality Cancer Care: Charting a New Course for a System in Crisis provides information for cancer care teams, patients and their families, researchers, quality metrics developers, and payers, as well as HHS, other federal agencies, and industry to reevaluate their current roles and responsibilities in cancer care and work together to develop a higher quality care delivery system. By working toward this shared goal, the cancer care community can improve the quality of life and outcomes for people facing a cancer diagnosis.

Book Digital Breast Tomosynthesis

Download or read book Digital Breast Tomosynthesis written by Alberto Tagliafico and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-03 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive description of the screening and clinical applications of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and offers straightforward, clear guidance on use of the technique. Informative clinical cases are presented to illustrate how to take advantage of DBT in clinical practice. The importance of DBT as a diagnostic tool for both screening and diagnosis is increasing rapidly. DBT improves upon mammography by depicting breast tissue on a video clip made of cross‐sectional images reconstructed in correspondence with their mammographic planes of acquisition. DBT results in markedly reduced summation of overlapping breast tissue and offers the potential to improve mammographic breast cancer surveillance and diagnosis. This book will be an excellent practical teaching guide for beginners and a useful reference for more experienced radiologists.