Download or read book Identifying the Parameters for Wheat Pollen Electroporation Transformation written by Jiang Liu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops in the world. It has been and continues to be one of the main sources of food for humans and animals. Although traditional wheat breeding has contributed greatly to the improvement of wheat both in productivity and biotic/abiotic stress tolerance/resistance, wheat breeding is restricted by the time it takes to produce new cultivars and species barriers that limit the sources of genes for wheat improvement. Genetic transformation, which allows for the rapid introduction of new genes without species barriers, has been used as a tool for crop improvement in many crops over the past twenty-five years. Wheat is one of the few major crops that has not benefited from genetic transformation. Biolistic- and Agrobacterium- mediated transformation are currently the two primary methods used for wheat genetic transformation though both have disadvantages related to genotype dependence on ability to produce plantlets in tissue culture and the involvement of selectable marker genes. Pollen electroporation transformation is a potential method that can overcome these disadvantages since there is no tissue culture requirement and no need for selectable markers to allow for growth and selection of transgenic plantlets. Therefore, the object of this research was to optimize the conditions needed for wheat pollen electroporation to utilize pollen electroporation as a method to produce transgenic wheat. To achieve this object experiments were conducted to determine the parameters for successful pollen electroporation. The first was to determine the optimum field strength for electroporation that allowed for the movement of macromolecules and DNA into the pollen grains while maintaining pollen viability. Based on the results of the Trypan blue test to determine movement of macromolecules into the pollen grain and the MTT (3-[4,5-Dimethyltiazo-2-yl]-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test to determine pollen viability, the optimal field strength of wheat pollen electroporation transformation was 7.5 kV/cm. There was no interaction effect of pollen source and field strength indicating that the optimal field strength needed for transformation was independent of the genotype of the pollen source. The second experiment was to confirm that DNA would be taken up by the pollen grain after electroporation. Based on the results of the DNA uptake test, pollen could take up DNA from the surrounding liquid environment with and without an electric shock but uptake of DNA with an electric shock was greater. This demonstrated that electroporated pollen could act as a vector to transfer DNA into an egg cell and seed if fertilization occurs. To determine if transient expression of the gfp gene could be used in wheat to demonstrate successful introduction of foreign DNA into wheat via pollen electroporation, a plasmid carrying the gfp gene was shot into immature wheat embryo tissue using particle bombardment. Expression of the gfp gene was observed indicating that the plasmid DNA with the gfp gene could be used to visualize successful wheat transformation. For successful transformation with electroporated pollen, fertilization and seed development is needed. An experiment was conducted to pollinate several wheat genotypes with electroporated pollen to demonstrate the pollen was not only viable but could germinate allowing fertilization and subsequent seed development to occur. The use of four recipient cultivars (Brundage 96, Kaseberg, Bobtail and Rosalyn) was to determine if transformation with electroporated pollen could be a genotype independent method of wheat transformation. Seed set occurred on all four cultivars though it differed indicating the potential for an effect of the recipient female parent on the level of seed set. This study has proven that pollen electroporation transformation is a feasible method for wheat transformation and can provide a basis for the further refinement of pollen electroporation transformation of wheat.
Download or read book Charge and Field Effects in Biosystems 3 written by ALLEN and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have again brought together for the Third International Symposium on Charge and Field Effects in Biosystems (July 21-27, 1991), a group of scientists whose interests reside in the fields of bioelectrochemistry, bioenergetics, and bioelectric phenomena. Like the previous symposia at the University of Nottingham (1983) and Virginia Commonwealth University (1989) the topics discussed were related to bioelectric phenomena, including solid state theoretical and experimental approaches to charge and energy transfer in biomolecular and cellular systems, ion and electron transport properties of biological and artifical membranes, the effects of electric fields on biological systems, photoinduced bioelectrochemical phenomena, and the applications of bioelectrochemical technology. The present conference also introduced procedures which may well serve to define the mechanisms of various bioelectrical phenomena, including electroporation for gene transfer and electro fusion for hybridoma formation. Favorable comments made during and after the Symposium indicated that a further conference should be held. Tentatively, plans are being considered for 1993 or 1994. Milton 1. Allen Stephen F. Cleary Arthur E. Sowers Donald D. Shillady Acknowledgments The Editors wish to express their thanks to Rinnie O'Connor, Diane Ruff, Rae Gerber, and lody Allen for their assistance in preparing the Symposium volume for publication. Our special thanks also to the reviewers who performed their tasks with enthusiastic promptness.
Download or read book Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-07-08 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assists policymakers in evaluating the appropriate scientific methods for detecting unintended changes in food and assessing the potential for adverse health effects from genetically modified products. In this book, the committee recommended that greater scrutiny should be given to foods containing new compounds or unusual amounts of naturally occurring substances, regardless of the method used to create them. The book offers a framework to guide federal agencies in selecting the route of safety assessment. It identifies and recommends several pre- and post-market approaches to guide the assessment of unintended compositional changes that could result from genetically modified foods and research avenues to fill the knowledge gaps.
Download or read book Weights Measures and Conversion Factors for Agricultural Commodities and Their Products written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Methodology of Plant Genetic Manipulation Criteria for Decision Making written by Alan C. Cassells and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A range of novel techniques is available to the plant breeder today to complement classical breeding methods. The new options are based on the integration of advances in plant cell biology with those in plant molecular biology. Plant cell, tissue and organ cultures provide efficient systems for transformation, for the achievement of wide crosses and for the production of variation through spontaneous and induced mutation, while permitting effective isolation of desired genotypes by in vitro selection. This book presents a critical appraisal of the methodologies of plant genetic manipulation for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates, researchers and plant breeders, and provides guidance on the choice of breeding options. The latter depends on the breeding system of the crop, the breeding objective and the tissue culture systems applicable to the target genotype(s).
Download or read book Agriculture Handbook written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Set includes revised editions of some nos.
Download or read book Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics written by Sandy B. Primrose and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-28 with total page 675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing integration between gene manipulation and genomics is embraced in this new book, Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics, which brings together for the first time the subjects covered by the best-selling books Principles of Gene Manipulation and Principles of Genome Analysis & Genomics. Comprehensively revised, updated and rewritten to encompass within one volume, basic and advanced gene manipulation techniques, genome analysis, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics Includes two new chapters on the applications of genomics An accompanying website - www.blackwellpublishing.com/primrose - provides instructional materials for both student and lecturer use, including multiple choice questions, related websites, and all the artwork in a downloadable format. An essential reference for upper level undergraduate and graduate students of genetics, genomics, molecular biology and recombinant DNA technology.
Download or read book Biotechnology Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 966 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monthly. Classified listing of references to worldwide articles dealing with all aspects of biotechnology. Also includes books and conferences. Each entry gives bibliographic information, institutional address of author(s), and abstract. Author and subject index.
Download or read book Agrobacterium biology and its application to transgenic plant production written by Hau-Hsuan Hwang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-06-26 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The broad host range pathogenic bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been widely studied as a model system to understand horizontal gene flow, secretion of effector proteins into host cells, and plant-pathogen interactions. Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation also is the major method for generating transgenic plants for research and biotechnology purposes. Agrobacterium species have the natural ability to conduct interkingdom genetic transfer from bacteria to eukaryotes, including most plant species, yeast, fungi, and even animal cells. In nature, A. tumefaciens causes crown gall disease resulting from expression in plants of auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis genes encoded by the transferred (T-) DNA. Gene transfer from A. tumefaciens to host cells requires virulence (vir) genes that reside on the resident tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid. In addition to T-DNA, several Virulence (Vir) effector proteins are also translocated to host cells through a bacterial type IV secretion system. These proteins aid in T-DNA trafficking through the host cell cytoplasm, nuclear targeting, and T-DNA integration. Genes within native T-DNAs can be replaced by any gene of interest, making Agrobacterium species important tools for plant research and genetic engineering. In this research topic, we provided updated information on several important areas of Agrobacterium biology and its use for biotechnology purposes.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Grain Science written by Colin Wrigley and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Crop Improvement Under Adverse Conditions written by Narendra Tuteja and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-09 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant development and productivity are negatively regulated by various environmental stresses. Abiotic stress factors such as heat, cold, drought, and salinity represent key elements limiting agricultural productivity worldwide. Thus, developing crop plants with the ability to tolerate abiotic stresses is a critical need which demands modern novel strategies for the thorough understanding of plant response to abiotic stresses. Crop Improvement under Adverse Conditions will serve as a cutting-edge resource for researchers and students alike who are studying plant abiotic stress tolerance and crop improvement. The book presents the latest trends and developments in the field, including the impact of extreme events on salt tolerant forest species of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, the overlapping horizons of salicylic acid in different stresses, and fast and reliable approaches to crop improvement through In Vitro haploid production. Written by renowned experts and featuring useful illustrations and photographs, Crop Improvement under Adverse Conditions is a concise and practical update on plant abiotic stress tolerance and crop improvement.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Abstracts 23rd Annual Meetings January 4 23 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guide to Electroporation and Electrofusion written by Donald Chang and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1991-12-11 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Guide to Electroporation and Electrofusion is designed to cover all relevant topics pertaining to both electroporation and electrofusion. Divided into four major parts, the book covers fundamental aspects, as well as more advance aspects of the electroporation-electrofusion relationship. The book first covers the basic principles and fundamentals by presenting the most recent theoretical and experimental studies from various fields, such as physics, chemistry, and biology. Next, the book tackles the applications of electroporation and electrofusion in biology, such as transferring, manipulating, and transforming genetic materials. In the third section, the book discusses experimental protocols to serve as a guide when performing experiments using electroporation and electrofusion. The final section discusses the instruments needed to effectively perform an experiment that involves electroporation and electrofusion. This book will be of great used to both novice and advanced researchers whose work involves electroporation and electrofusion, as it provides comprehensive information regarding these topics.
Download or read book Plant Breeding Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gene Transfer to Plants written by Ingo Potrykus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
