Download or read book Identification of Radioactive Sources and Devices written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual has been produced as part of the IAEA's Action Plan for the Safety of Radiation Sources and Security of Radioactive Material. It is intended to: assist in the recognition and identification of objects thought to be radioactive devices, sources and transport packages; provide instruction on what to do and how to obtain further help; enhance awareness of the existence of radioactive devices, sources and transport packages; and provide information on the International Catalogue of Sealed Radioactive Sources and Devices through regulatory authorities in IAEA Member States. It will also help in identifying sources involved in events that are reported for inclusion in the IAEA's Illicit Trafficking Database.--Publisher's description.
Download or read book IDENTIFICATION OF RADIOACTIVE SOURCES AND DEVICES written by IAEA. and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identification of Radioactive Sources and Devices written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual has been produced as part of the IAEA's Action Plan for the Safety of Radiation Sources and Security of Radioactive Material. It is intended to: assist in the recognition and identification of objects thought to be radioactive devices, sources and transport packages; provide instruction on what to do and how to obtain further help; enhance awareness of the existence of radioactive devices, sources and transport packages; and provide information on the International Catalogue of Sealed Radioactive Sources and Devices through regulatory authorities in IAEA Member States. It will also help in identifying sources involved in events that are reported for inclusion in the IAEA's Illicit Trafficking Database.--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Security of Radioactive Sources written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are concerns that terrorist or criminal groups could gain access to high activity radioactive sources and use these sources maliciously. Based on extensive input from technical and legal experts, this implementation guide sets forth guidance on the security of sources.
Download or read book Radiation Source Use and Replacement written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-05-25 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States there are several thousand devices containing high-activity radiation sources licensed for use in areas ranging from medical uses such as cancer therapy to safety uses such as testing of structures and industrial equipment. Those radiation sources are licensed by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and state agencies. Concerns have been raised about the safety and security of the radiation sources, particularly amid fears that they could be used to create dirty bombs, or radiological dispersal device (RDD). In response to a request from Congress, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission asked the National Research Council to conduct a study to review the uses of high-risk radiation sources and the feasibility of replacing them with lower risk alternatives. The study concludes that the U.S. government should consider factors such as potential economic consequences of misuse of the radiation sources into its assessments of risk. Although the committee found that replacements of most sources are possible, it is not economically feasible in some cases. The committee recommends that the U.S. government take steps to in the near term to replace radioactive cesium chloride radiation sources, a potential "dirty bomb" ingredient used in some medical and research equipment, with lower-risk alternatives. The committee further recommends that longer term efforts be undertaken to replace other sources. The book presents a number of options for making those replacements.
Download or read book Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials written by T.Rick Irvin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-19 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials - known in the industry as NORM -has become an important part of the regular training required for workers in oil and gas production, refinery and petrochemical manufacturing, and in certain types of mining. Proper handling of NORM-contaminated wastes and use of appropriate radiation detection and protective equipment are now understood to be important components of good worker safety programs. Until now, no practical, easy-to-read, book was available to supplement worker training courses on NORM management. Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials: Principles and Practices fills this void by providing, in a single publication, an ideal reference for industry managers, supervisors and line personnel. The book stresses the proper handling and management of NORM contaminated wastes and provides a firm understanding of the chemical properties of radioactive agents, their toxicological effects, and the appropriate containerization and disposal methods for these materials.
Download or read book Radioisotopes in Industry written by John Ross Bradford and published by . This book was released on 2013-05 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributing Authors Include P. C. Aebersold, J. R. Bradford, G. D. Calkins, And Many Others.
Download or read book Identification of Radiation Sources in a Peacetime Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this handbook is to aid individuals who may encounter radioactive materials in unfamiliar forms, in facilities damaged by natural catastrophe, or as a result of war in foreign countries. Individuals may encounter radioactive materials used in situations or in a manner that is not only unfamiliar but also potentially hazardous. Individuals may be required to perform peacekeeping or humanitarian operations in areas where radiation warning placards, signs, and instructions may he posted in a language other than English. For these reasons, this handbook provides an overview of typical uses of commonly encountered radioactive materials, their identification, and a brief description of general radiation safety measures. The intended purpose of this handbook is to provide background information as an aid in the identification of sources of ionizing radiation and some basic radiation protection guidance. This handbook may be used in conjunction with specific procedures provided by senior echelon directives. This is the second edition of the handbook entitled Identification of Radiation Sources in a Peacetime Environment. The handbook has been expanded to include graphics of commonly encountered equipment seen in: (1) a nuclear medicine department or nuclear pharmacy, (2) radiation therapy sources, (3) industrial food irradiation facilities, and (4) small instrument check sources encountered in any facility using radiation detection equipment to validate equipment operation.
Download or read book Management of Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2014-12-02 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication summarizes the reviewed information distributed in previous IAEA publications and provides an up to date, overall picture of the management of disused sealed radioactive sources (DSRS) based upon the current status and trends in this field. It incorporates the most recent experience in source management, including newly developed techniques used for DSRS conditioning and storage. Problems encountered and lessons learned are also highlighted in the publication in order to help avoid the mistakes commonly made in the past in managing disused sources.
Download or read book Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is the new edition of the International Basic Safety Standards. The edition is co-sponsored by seven other international organizations European Commission (EC/Euratom), FAO, ILO, OECD/NEA, PAHO, UNEP and WHO. It replaces the interim edition that was published in November 2011 and the previous edition of the International Basic Safety Standards which was published in 1996. It has been extensively revised and updated to take account of the latest finding of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, and the latest recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The publication details the requirements for the protection of people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources. All circumstances of radiation exposure are considered.
Download or read book Commercial Radioactive Sources written by Charles D. Ferguson and published by Monterey Institute of Intern Oliferation Studies. This book was released on 2003 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Security of Radioactive Material in Use and Storage and of Associated Facilities written by IAEA and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revision provides guidance to States and their competent authorities on how to establish or improve, implement, maintain and sustain the elements of the nuclear security regime related to radioactive material, associated facilities and activities, with particular emphasis on the development of regulatory requirements. The publication applies to the security of radioactive material in use or in storage, as well as associated facilities and associated activities, and assists Member States in their regimes against unauthorized removal of the radioactive material or sabotage performed with the intent to cause harmful radiological consequences.
Download or read book Handbook of Particle Detection and Imaging written by Claus Grupen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-08 with total page 1251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The handbook centers on detection techniques in the field of particle physics, medical imaging and related subjects. It is structured into three parts. The first one is dealing with basic ideas of particle detectors, followed by applications of these devices in high energy physics and other fields. In the last part the large field of medical imaging using similar detection techniques is described. The different chapters of the book are written by world experts in their field. Clear instructions on the detection techniques and principles in terms of relevant operation parameters for scientists and graduate students are given.Detailed tables and diagrams will make this a very useful handbook for the application of these techniques in many different fields like physics, medicine, biology and other areas of natural science.
Download or read book A Compton Imaging Device for Radioactive Material Detection written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most serious terrorist threat we face today may come from radiological dispersion devices and unsecured nuclear weapons. It is imperative for national security that we develop and implement radiation detection technology capable of locating and tracking nuclear material moving across and within our borders. Many radionuclides emit gamma rays in the 0.2-3 MeV range. Unfortunately, current gamma ray detection technology is inadequate for providing precise and efficient measurements of localized radioactive sources. Common detectors available today suffer from large background rates and have only minimal ability to localize the position of the source without the use of mechanical collimators, which reduces efficiency. Imaging detectors using the Compton scattering process have the potential to provide greatly improved sensitivity through their ability to reject off-source background. We are developing a prototype device to demonstrate the Compton imaging technology. The detector consists of several layers of pixelated silicon detectors followed by an array of CsI crystals coupled to photodiodes. Here we present the concept of our detector design and results from Monte Carlo simulations of our prototype detector. Development of technologies for detecting and characterizing radiation from various nuclear materials is important for many fields, including homeland security, astrophysics, and medical imaging. Unfortunately, in many cases we now largely use detection technologies that were developed in the 1960s. While sufficient for some purposes, these technologies have proved inadequate for remote sensing of radioactive nuclear materials - a crucial capability required for enhanced homeland security. Passive gamma ray detection is the most direct means of providing this capability, but current detectors are severely limited in sensitivity and detection range due to confusion from off-source backgrounds, and they cannot precisely localize sources when they are detected. With the construction of our prototype we expect to develop new techniques that will lead to passive gamma ray detectors capable of localizing sources and rejecting backgrounds from irrelevant directions, thereby providing the improved sensitivity needed for remote nuclear material sensing. In addition, we also intend to explore identification of shielded neutron sources and shielded material (by detecting gamma rays originated from neutron activation of the shielding material) at close distances. The core technique to accomplish this goal is Compton imaging, which is based on the fact that Compton scattering (scattering of a gamma ray from an electron) preserves information about the direction and energy of incident gamma rays if the scattering byproducts can be precisely measured. In parallel with the development of detector hardware, we will also confront the challenges associated with reconstructing Compton scatter data. Dealing with the complexities of Compton image reconstruction, as opposed to restrictions in available detector technologies, is now argueably the critical problem to be addressed en route to achieving the full potential offered by Compton detectors. We intend to adopt an image reconstruction technique used frequently in the astronomy community and adapt it to our purposes.
Download or read book An Evaluation of Radiation Exposure Guidance for Military Operations written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-10-28 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Safety of Radiation Generators and Sealed Radioactive Sources written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2006 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this Safety Guide is to assist Member States in implementing regulatory requirements for radiation sources that will ensure their safety. To that end, this publication provides guidance on infrastructure responsibilities for safety, on methodologies for performing safety assessments and on specific design and operational measures that should be taken to ensure safety throughout the life cycle of radiation generators and sealed radioactive sources. The safety measures recommended are also applicable to radioactive sources in nuclear facilities or radioactive waste disposal facilities, while recognizing that these facilities should in any case provide a high standard of source safety.
Download or read book Special Nuclear Material and Radiological Sources Detection in Urban Settings written by Luis Ocampo Giraldo and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today's nuclear non-proliferation and security challenges require advanced tools to detect and identify threats such as radiological dispersion devices, radiological exposure devices and improvised nuclear devices. A more complex challenge arises when the threat needs to be detected in a densely populated urban setting with heavy traffic and limited access. Commercial equipment has been designed and made available to local, state, and special law enforcement agencies to aid in the detection and identification of nuclear material; however, due to the diversity of these systems and complexity of the task, an analysis of the capabilities and limitations of such systems is required. This thesis presents an analysis of the most popular mobile commercial equipment for detection, surveillance and identification of special nuclear material and radiological sources and focuses on the their application to crowded urban settings with limited access (e.g., New Year's Eve in Times Square in New York City). The systems that were analyzed include vehicular search systems, backpack detection systems and handheld systems (e.g., inorganic scintillators and semiconductor detectors). This analysis is completed through a comparison of the feasibility of deployment and a study of the applications of commercial systems in real-time environment conditions. These conditions include the intentional concealment of radioactive sources inside a building at an undisclosed location along a given route. Preliminary results include the significant limitation faced by vehicular systems due to the lack of complete access and entrance into specific sites and buildings of interest. This requires the support of a backpack system to overcome access limitations and help pinpoint the location and source of interest. Backpack systems are limited by the resolution, identification algorithms and radioisotope libraries which require a more capable detector. Handheld systems are able to provide a solution with their different types of detectors from the most versatile to the highest resolution possible. The results of the analysis performed consist of the successful detection and pinpointing of sources of interest by all the commercial detectors used in the real-time assessment. Overall the combination of the three stage systems presented acceptable data using the proper reference neutron and gamma radiation and evaluation distances throughout the real-time environment conditions. Furthermore, the results confirm the necessity for all the commercial mobile systems to work together and be deployed systematically in order to locate and identify the potential threat as efficiently as possible. High-purity germanium detectors offer the best resolution and detection confidence due to their complete spectroscopy system. However, inorganic scintillator detectors are still the primary tool for detection and deployment in the field due to their size and weight.
