Download or read book Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Qtl for Resistance to Soil Borne Pathogens Fusarium Culmorum and Heterodera Filipjevi in Wheat Triticum Aestivum L written by Yvonne Alexandria Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world's staple crops essential to global food security; however, its profitable production can be threatened by soil-borne diseases. The fungus, Fusarium culmorum, and cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera filipjevi, are two types of soil-borne pathogen/pest that drastically reduce yield in wheat production areas worldwide. However, few sources of plant resistance have been identified for either, making knowledge of genetic regions associated with resistance imperative. An integrated approach, requiring the use of host plant resistance, is necessary for management of these diseases. Our aim is to contribute to this integrated approach by identifying sources of resistance for applied use. We sought to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to genetic resistance against F. culmorum in diverse germplasm. A population of 600 wheat accessions was phenotyped for disease using an enhanced screening system to better separate susceptible and resistant responses. The accessions screened showed differential responses among genotypes of wheat, reflecting genetic variability under disease pressure. Genotypic data was acquired using the Illumina wheat 9K iSelect SNP chip. A Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) was conducted using the R software and FARM CPU package to evaluate marker-trait associations. Marker-trait associations at or above the Bonferroni threshold of 0.05 were identified on chromosomes 1A, 5A, and 6B. Chromosomes 5A and 6B may likely reflect novel sources of resistance. We also aimed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to genetic resistance against H. filipjevi in spring wheat breeding lines and cultivars adapted to the Pacific Northwest. Naturally infested soils, containing predominately H. filipjevi, were used to screen 138 wheat varieties, revealing variability in response to nematode infection. The selected germplasm was genotyped using a genotype-by-sequencing approach and marker-trait associations were evaluated using the R software and FARM CPU package. Marker-trait associations at or above the Bonferroni threshold of 0.05 were identified on chromosomes 2B, 5B, and 7B. The identified QTL for resistance should be validated and further explored for their usefulness in marker assisted breeding.
Download or read book Identification and Functional Characterization of Genes Conferring Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight Underlying QTL Fhb1 Based on Forward and Reverse Genetics Approach written by Nancy Soni and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Fusarium head blight (FHB) is among the most destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), predominantly caused by Fusarium graminearum (Fg). Amongst hundreds of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) identified for FHB resistance, QTL-Fhb1 is of significant interest even today, contributing a major effect in FHB resistance. A few genetic determinants of FHB resistance have been identified in the recent past, but their resistance mechanisms have not been deciphered. Therefore, this study aimed to identify candidate gene(s) and to decode resistance mechanisms based on a combined metabolo-genomics approach in wheat near-isogenic lines (NILs) differing at QTL-Fhb1. The resistance-related (RR) metabolites identified in NIL-R with high fold-change in abundance were mainly phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and lignan glycosides. The dissection of QTL-Fhb1 based on flanking marker sequencing led to the identification of laccase-4-like, cell wall invertase, G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase, NAC transcription factor 32-like and glutamate synthase 1 as the potential candidate genes. Plant laccases are implicated in the lignification of secondary cell walls as an innate defense response against pathogens. The Fg was limited to the inoculated pair of spikelets in NIL-R spikes, but it spread to other spikelets when the TaLAC4 was silenced in NIL-R, based on virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Histopathology revealed thickened cell walls, mainly due to G-lignin, in non-silenced NIL-R, relative to the silenced, and as well a higher total lignin content. Metabolic profiling of TaLAC4 silenced NIL-R identified the accumulation of several precursor metabolites higher in abundances upstream TaLAC4, confirming the role of TaLAC4 in pathogen-induced lignification of secondary cell walls in the rachis. Also, in-silico promoter analysis of phenylpropanoid pathway-related genes identified TaLAC4, TaCCR, TaCAD, and TaMYB carrying secondary wall NAC binding element (SNBE) sites, which were further confirmed based on protein-DNA docking. Henceforth, the TaNAC032 was functionally characterized based on VIGS to understand the transcription regulation of TaLAC4. TaNAC032 silenced NIL-R confirmed an increase in fungal biomass and disease severity but displayed decreased expression of downstream resistance genes TaCCR, TaCAD, TaLAC4, and TaMYB.Furthermore, the silenced NIL-R was also associated with reduced total lignin content and the total lignin deposited in cell walls. This was also associated with a decrease in the abundance of RR metabolites related to monolignols and lignan glycosides, confirming the plausible role of TaNAC032 in the regulation of lignin biosynthetic genes, including TaLAC4 in wheat resistant NIL. Among the genes identified in QTL-Fhb1, this is the first study to report the role of TaNAC032 and TaLAC4 in FHB resistance through reinforcement of secondary cell walls. Both TaNAC032 and TaLAC4 significantly contributed to QTL-Fhb1 resistance. If mutated, both functionally validated candidate genes can be edited in susceptible genotypes, employing genome editing tools to enhance FHB resistance"--
Download or read book Wheat Production in Stressed Environments written by H.T. Buck and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-16 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a unique overview to wheat and related species, this book comprises the proceedings of the 7th International Wheat Conference, held in Mar del Plata, Argentina, at the end of 2005. Leading scientists from all over the world, specialized in different areas that contribute to the better understanding of wheat production and use, review the present achievements and discuss the future challenges for the wheat crop.
Download or read book Wheat Landraces written by Nusret Zencirci and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landraces possess a very large genetic base in population structure and are dynamic populations of cultivated plants with historical origin, distinct identity, and without any formal crop improvement. They are often genetically diverse, locally adapted, and associated with traditional farming systems. Resistance genes to biotic and abiotic stress factors, which are especially diversified in landraces, are of great interest to plant breeders, faced with global climate challenge. In addition, gene pools made of different landraces grown in different ecological conditions can be used for wheat breeding to enhance quality; yield and other desirable agricultural parameters. An estimated 75% of the genetic diversity of crop plants was lost in the last century due to the replacement of high yielding modern varieties. There is, thus, an urgent need to preserve existing species, not only for posterity but also as a means to secure food supply for a rising world population. In this book, we provide an overview of wheat landraces with special attention to genetic diversities, conservation, and utilization.
Download or read book Genomic Designing for Biotic Stress Resistant Cereal Crops written by Chittaranjan Kole and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-31 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents deliberations on molecular and genomic mechanisms underlying the interactions of crop plants to the biotic stresses caused by different diseases and pests that are important to develop resistant crop varieties. Knowledge on the advanced genetic and genomic crop improvement strategies including molecular breeding, transgenics, genomic-assisted breeding, and the recently emerging genome editing for developing resistant varieties in cereal crops is imperative for addressing FHNEE (food, health, nutrition, energy, and environment) security. Whole genome sequencing of these crops followed by genotyping-by-sequencing has provided precise information regarding the genes conferring resistance useful for gene discovery, allele mining, and shuttle breeding which in turn opened up the scope for 'designing' crop genomes with resistance to biotic stresses. The eight chapters each dedicated to a cereal crop in this volume elucidate on different types of biotic stresses and their effects on and interaction with the crop; enumerate on the available genetic diversity with regard to biotic stress resistance among available cultivars; illuminate on the potential gene pools for utilization in interspecific gene transfer; present brief on classical genetics of stress resistance and traditional breeding for transferring them to their cultivated counterparts; depict the success stories of genetic engineering for developing biotic stress-resistant crop varieties; discuss on molecular mapping of genes and QTLs underlying stress resistance and their marker-assisted introgression into elite varieties; enunciate on different genomics-aided techniques including genomic selection, allele mining, gene discovery, and gene pyramiding for developing adaptive crop varieties with higher quantity and quality of yields, and also elaborate some case studies on genome editing focusing on specific genes for generating biotic stress-resistant crops.
Download or read book Utilizing Wild Grass Biodiversity in Wheat Improvement written by A. Mujeeb-Kazi and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 1995 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The World Wheat Book written by Alain P. Bonjean and published by Intercept Limited. This book was released on 2001-01 with total page 1131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is a comprehensive history of wheat across all its main areas of production. New techniques such as in vitro culture now enable the development of a greater level of understanding of the genetics of wheat.
Download or read book Wheat written by Brett F. Carver and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-15 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat: Science and Trade is an up-to-date, comprehensive reference work designed to expand the current body of knowledge on this staple crop, incorporating new information made available by genetic advances, improvements in the understanding of wheat's biology, and changes in the wheat trade industry. Covering phylogeny and ontogeny, manipulation of the environment and optimal management, genetic improvement, and utilization and commercialization, the book focuses on the most economically significant diseases and impacts
Download or read book Small Grain written by Luther Foster and published by . This book was released on 1890 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Bacterial Diseases of Wheat written by Etienne Duveiller and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 1997 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cereals Processing Technology written by G. Owens and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-03-20 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cereals processing is one of the oldest and most important of all food technologies. Written by a distinguished international team of contributors, this collection reviews the range of cereal products and the technologies used to produce them. It is designed for all those involved in cereals processing, whether raw material producers and refiners needing to match the needs of secondary processors manufacturing the final product for the consumer, or secondary processors benchmarking their operations against best practice in their sector and across cereals processing as a whole. The authorative guide to key technological developments within cereal processing Reviews the range of cereal products and the technologies used to produce them
Download or read book Compendium of Chickpea and Lentil Diseases and Pests written by Weidong Chen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Integrated Disease Management of Wheat and Barley written by Richard Oliver and published by Burleigh Dodds Series in Agric. This book was released on 2018-09-21 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diseases remain a serious problem in cereal cultivation. The first parts of the book review current research on fungal diseases of cereals and the challenge of fungicide resistance. The book then discusses breeding resistant varieties and methods for integrated disease management of cereals.
Download or read book Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement written by Mohar Singh and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain legumes, including common-bean, chickpea, pigeonpea, pea, cowpea, lentil and others, form important constituents of global diets, both vegetarian and non-vegetarian. Despite this significant role, global production has increased only marginally in the past 50 years. The slow production growth, along with a rising human population and improved buying capacity has substantially reduced the per capita availability of food legumes. Changes in environmental climate have also had significant impact on production, creating a need to identify stable donors among genetic resources for environmentally robust genes and designing crops resilient to climate change. Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement is the first book to bring together the latest resources in plant genetics and genomics to facilitate the identification of specific germplasm, trait mapping and allele mining to more effectively develop biotic and abiotic-stress-resistant grains. This book will be an invaluable resource for researchers, crop biologists and students working with crop development. Explores origin, distribution and diversity of grain legumes Presents information on germplasm collection, evaluation and maintenance Offers insight into pre-breeding/germplasm enhancement efforts Integrates genomic and genetic resources in crop improvement Internationally contributed work
Download or read book Genomics Assisted Crop Improvement written by R.K. Varshney and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-12 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This superb volume provides a critical assessment of genomics tools and approaches for crop breeding. Volume 1 presents the status and availability of genomic resources and platforms, and also devises strategies and approaches for effectively exploiting genomics research. Volume 2 goes into detail on a number of case studies of several important crop and plant species that summarize both the achievements and limitations of genomics research for crop improvement.
Download or read book Potato Diseases written by National Institute of Agricultural Botany (Great Britain) and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geillustreerd ziektenoverzicht met symptomen, omstandigheden en bestrijdingsmogelijkheden
Download or read book Crop Improvement written by Khalid Rehman Hakeem and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-13 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The improvement of crop species has been a basic pursuit since cultivation began thousands of years ago. To feed an ever increasing world population will require a great increase in food production. Wheat, corn, rice, potato and few others are expected to lead as the most important crops in the world. Enormous efforts are made all over the world to document as well as use these resources. Everybody knows that the introgression of genes in wheat provided the foundation for the “Green Revolution”. Later also demonstrated the great impact that genetic resources have on production. Several factors are contributing to high plant performance under different environmental conditions, therefore an effective and complementary use of all available technological tools and resources is needed to meet the challenge.
