Download or read book Identification of Connexins in Facilitating Neuron satellite Glial Cell Signaling in Trigeminal Ganglia written by Filip G. Garrett and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activation of trigeminal nerves in response to an inflammatory stimulus causes increased communication between neurons and surrounding satellite glial cells via gap junctions in the trigeminal ganglion (TG). The goal of this study was to identify the gap junction proteins, or connexins (Cxs), in the ganglion in response to three different models of inflammation: acute, acute-sensitization, and chronic. Initially, quantitative PCR was used to demonstrate that mRNA for Cxs: 26, 29, 36, 37, 40, 43, 50, and 57 was expressed in TG under basal conditions. Next, protein expression of Cxs: 26, 32, 36, 40, 43, 46, and 50 was demonstrated in TG by immunohistochemistry. Expression of Cxs: 26, 36, and 40 were increased in response to acute and chronic inflammation of the jaw, or temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Importantly, the formation of gap junction plaques by Cx26 was observed between neurons and satellite glial cells. In other studies, a model of acute-sensitization was used to simulate the significant comorbitities between rhinosinusitus and migraine. In this model, increased gap junction signaling between neurons and satellite glial cells as well as increased Cx26 plaque formation was observed. Significantly, the anti-migraine drug tonabersat decreased neuron-glial cell communication and decreased the formation of Cx26 plaques. To my knowledge, this is the first study to look at connexin expression in trigeminal ganglion under basal and inflammatory conditions. Results from my study provide evidence that Cx26 plays an important role in facilitating neuron-satellite glial cell communication and hence, a role in peripheral sensitization. Furthermore, my data suggest that tonabersat may function as an anti-migraine drug by blocking gap junction communication in trigeminal ganglion.
Download or read book Evidence for Neuron glia Signaling in Trigeminal Ganglia written by Srikanth Thalakoti and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this study was to investigate neuronal-glial cell signaling in trigeminal ganglia under basal and inflammatory conditions using an in vivo model of acute temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation. Inflammation of the TMJ and release of inflammatory mediators that cause activation of trigeminal nerves is implicated in TMJ pathologies. While neuron-glia interactions are known to be involved in all stages of inflammation and pain associated with several CNS diseases, the role of neuron-glia interactions within the trigeminal ganglion under normal and inflammatory conditions is not known. In control animals, only minimal gap junction communication was observed between neuronal cell bodies and satellite glial cells. However, gap junction communication between these cell types was greatly increased in response to capsaicin stimulation of trigeminal nerves that provide sensory innervation of the TMJ. In addition, capsaicin stimulation of trigeminal nerves increased the expression of the inflammatory proteins MAPKs and MKPs in both neurons and glia in all regions of the ganglion. Interestingly, increased levels of these proteins were also observed in the contra-lateral ganglion. This is the first evidence, to my knowledge, of neuron-glia signaling via gap junctions within the trigeminal ganglion. Based on my findings, it is likely that neuronal-glial communication via gap junctions and paracrine signaling are involved in the development of peripheral sensitization within the trigeminal ganglion and, thus, are likely to play an important role in TMJ pathologies. Furthermore, propose that propagation of inflammatory signals within the ganglion may help to explain commonly reported symptoms of co-morbid conditions associated with TMJ disorders.
Download or read book The Satellite Cells of the Sensory Ganglia written by Ennio Pannese and published by Springer. This book was released on 1981-01-01 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biology and Pathology of Perineuronal Satellite Cells in Sensory Ganglia written by Ennio Pannese and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive and updated review of perineuronal satellite cells in sensory ganglia. For a long time since their discovery by Valentin in the first half of the 19th century these cells received only modest attention. However, some years ago research findings suggested that satellite cells play a role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. As a result, satellite cells are now considered as possible targets for neuropathic pain treatment. Thus, interest in satellite cells has burgeoned. The review is based on the author’s own work as well as on his critical evaluation and systematic arrangement of data scattered through a large number of research papers. The following aspects of perineuronal satellite cells are covered: Shape and structure; molecular characteristics; origin and development; biological and functional properties; relationships with the ganglion sensory neuron; age-related changes; roles under physiological conditions; reactions to experimental and pathological conditions; role in neuropathic pain.
Download or read book Purinergic Signalling in Neuron Glia Interactions written by Derek J. Chadwick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-01 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ATP, the intracellular energy source, is also an extremely important cell–cell signalling molecule for a wide variety of cells across evolutionarily diverse organisms. The extracellular biochemistry of ATP and its derivatives is complex, and the multiple membrane receptors that it activates are linked to many intracellular signalling systems. Purinergic signalling affects a diverse range of cellular phenomena, including ion channel function, cytoskeletal dynamics, gene expression, secretion, cell proliferation, differentiation and cell death. Recently, this class of signalling molecules and receptors has been found to mediate communication between neurons and non-neuronal cells (glia) in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Glia are critical for normal brain function, development and response to injury. Neural impulse activity is detected by glia and purinergic signalling is emerging as a major means of integrating functional activity between neurons, glia and vascular cells in the nervous system. These interactions mediate effects of neural activity on the development of the nervous system and in association with injury, neurodegeneration, myelination and cancer. Bringing together contributions from experts in diverse fields, including glial biologists, neurobiologists and specialists in purinergic receptor structure and pharmacology, this book considers how extracellular ATP acts to integrate communication between different types of glia, and between neurons and glia. Beginning with an overview of glia and purinergic signalling, it contains detailed coverage of purine release, receptors and reagents, purinergic signalling in the neural control of glial development, glial involvement in information processing, and discussion of the interactions between neurons and microglia.
Download or read book Development of the Cerebellum from Molecular Aspects to Diseases written by Hassan Marzban and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-27 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors present the most current and cutting-edge knowledge regarding the molecular basis of cerebellar development, focusing on information relevant to laboratory scientists and clinicians providing service to patients with cerebellar disorders. Knowledge obtained from advanced neuroimaging techniques that are used during development, and from molecular- and genetic-based studies has provided rapidly-growing evidence that the cerebellum is a brain region that is highly impacted by developmental defects. Cerebellar defects result in significant intellectual and motor function impairment that affects both the patients and their families.
Download or read book Gap Junction Channels and Hemichannels written by Taylor & Francis Group and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-03-30 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gap junction channels are a group of intercellular channels expressed in tissues and organs to synchronize many physiological processes. A gap junction channel is formed by the docking of two hemichannels, and each hemichannel is a hexamer of connexins. The field of gap junction channel and hemichannel research has recently exploded and became one of the most active areas of cell biology. Numerous novel approaches and techniques have been developed, but there is no single book dedicated to the unique techniques and protocols employed for the research on these large pore channels. This book fills the gap and focuses on protocols, approaches and reviews of gap junction channels and connexin hemichannels. It will be a useful reference for graduate students, postdoctoral fellows and researchers. Anyone with an interest in gap junction channels and hemichannels will need this summary of state-of-the-art techniques and protocols.
Download or read book Gastrointestinal Physiology written by Menizibeya Osain Welcome and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-20 with total page 1037 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers one of the most comprehensive reviews in the field of gastrointestinal (GI) physiology, guiding readers on a journey through the complete digestive tract, while also highlighting related organs and glandular systems. It is not solely limited to organ system physiology, and related disciplines like anatomy and histology, but also examines the molecular and cellular processes that keep the digestive system running. As such, the book provides extensive information on the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and system levels of functions in the GI system. Chapters on the roles of the gut as an endocrine, exocrine and neural organ, as well as its microbiome functions, broaden readers’ understanding of the multi-organ networks in the human body. To help illustrate the interconnections between the physiological concepts, principles and clinical presentations, it outlines clinical examples such as pathologies that link basic science with clinical practice in special “clinical correlates” sections. Covering both traditional and contemporary topics, it is a valuable resource for biomedical students, as well as healthcare and scientific professionals.
Download or read book Dermatology written by Otto Braun-Falco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely revised and updated, Dermatology covers all the classical and related fields of dermatology, providing a wealth of information on clinical features, pathophysiology, and differential diagnosis. Over 900 color photographs acquaint the reader with a variety of dermatological diseases. Each chapter contains detailed proposals for comprehensive therapy.
Download or read book Noback s Human Nervous System Seventh Edition written by Norman L. Strominger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-07 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With this seventh edition, Noback’s Human Nervous System: Structure and Function continues to combine clear prose with exceptional original illustrations that provide a concise lucid depiction of the human nervous system. The book incorporates recent advances in neurobiology and molecular biology. Several chapters have been substantially revised. These include Development and Growth, Blood Circulation and Imaging, Cranial Nerves and Chemical Senses, Auditory and Vestibular Systems, Visual System, and Cerebral Cortex. Topics such as neural regeneration, plasticity and brain imaging are discussed. Each edition of The Human Nervous System has featured a set of outstanding illustrations drawn by premier medical artist Robert J. Demarest. Many of the figures from past editions have been modified and/or enhanced by the addition of color, which provides a more detailed visualization of the nervous system. Highly praised in its earlier versions, this new edition offers medical, dental, allied health science and psychology students a readily understandable and organized view of the bewilderingly complex awe-inspiring human nervous system. Its explanatory power and visual insight make this book an indispensable source of quick understanding that readers will consult gratefully again and again.
Download or read book The Tripartite Synapse written by Andrea Volterra and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accompanying CD-ROM contains ... "additional images, movies, and animated sequences." -- p. [4] of cover.
Download or read book Orofacial Pain and Headache written by Yair Sharav and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OROFACIAL PAIN AND HEADACHE is a timely, comprehensive and instructive addition to the pain literature; in particular the important and truly multidisciplinary area of orofacial pain. Based on their extensive clinical experience and a thorough understanding of pain mechanisms specific to the trigeminal system, the editors, Yair Sharav and Rafael Benoliel, have integrated knowledge from the areas of headache and orofacial pain and have succinctly explained common mechanisms involved in the two phenomena, with important implications for pain diagnosis and management. Internationally renowned editors and contributor teamIntegrated approach to the diagnosis and treatment of oral and facial pain syndromes as well as common primary headaches A thorough review of the four majorclinical entities of orofacial pain: acute dental, neurovascular, musculoskeletal and neuropathicComprehensive coverage of the pharmacotherapy of acute and chronic painChapters on the psychological, neurosurgical and otolaryngological aspects of orofacial painAn in depth discussion of facial pain and headaches secondary to medical co-morbiditiesExploration of complementary and alternative methods of pain control including acupuncture, food additives and hypnosis
Download or read book Human Embryology written by William James Larsen and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to the basic concepts and principles which underlie the first eight weeks of human development. Each chapter includes revision-orientated summary boxes, as well as sections detailing clinical examples relevant to the topic.
Download or read book Chromatin Signaling and Diseases written by Olivier Binda and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-08-06 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chromatin Signaling and Diseases covers the molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression, which govern everything from embryonic development, growth, and human pathologies associated with aging, such as cancer. This book helps researchers learn about or keep up with the quickly expanding field of chromatin signaling. After reading this book, clinicians will be more capable of explaining the mechanisms of gene expression regulation to their patients to reassure them about new drug developments that target chromatin signaling mechanisms. For example, several epigenetic drugs that act on chromatin signaling factors are in clinical trials or even approved for usage in cancer treatments, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. Other epigenetic drugs are in development to regulate various class of chromatin signaling factors. To keep up with this changing landscape, clinicians and doctors will need to stay familiar with genetic advances that translate to clinical practice, such as chromatin signaling. Although sequencing of the human genome was completed over a decade ago and its structure investigated for nearly half a century, molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression remain largely misunderstood. An emerging concept called chromatin signaling proposes that small protein domains recognize chemical modifications on the genome scaffolding histone proteins, facilitating the nucleation of enzymatic complexes at specific loci that then open up or shut down the access to genetic information, thereby regulating gene expression. The addition and removal of chemical modifications on histones, as well as the proteins that specifically recognize these, is reviewed in Chromatin Signaling and Diseases. Finally, the impact of gene expression defects associated with malfunctioning chromatin signaling is also explored. - Explains molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression, which governs everything from embryonic development, growth, and human pathologies associated with aging - Educates clinicians and researchers about chromatin signaling, a molecular mechanism that is changing our understanding of human pathology - Explores the addition and removal of chemical modifications on histones, the proteins that specifically recognize these, and the impact of gene expression defects associated with malfunctioning chromatin signaling - Helps researchers learn about the quickly expanding field of chromatin signaling
Download or read book Gap Junctions in the Nervous System written by David C. Spray and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the types of gap junction proteins (connexins) and their distribution within the nervous system, the physiological properties of channels formed of each connexin, and the role of gap junction channels in functions of normal and pathological brain and peripheral nerve. Although glial tissue is emphasized, additional groups of chapters deal with neurons in the central nervous system and with the retina.
Download or read book TRP Ion Channel Function in Sensory Transduction and Cellular Signaling Cascades written by Wolfgang B. Liedtke, MD, PH.D. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-09-29 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first TRP ion channel was discovered in Drosophila melanogaster in 1989, the progress made in this area of signaling research has yielded findings that offer the potential to dramatically impact human health and wellness. Involved in gateway activity for all five of our senses, TRP channels have been shown to respond to a wide range of st
Download or read book Physiology of the Special Senses written by Major Greenwood and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
