Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Two Oncogenes LEF1 and GMNN in Hepatocellular Carcinoma written by 方爍 and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Two Oncogenes Spock1 and Azin1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma written by Yan Li and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Identification and Characterization of Two Oncogenes SPOCK1 and AZIN1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma" by Yan, Li, 李妍, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which constitutes 75%-80% of primary liver cancer, is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Hepatocarcinogenesis is a complicated and slow process accumulating multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. In spite of its prolonged pre-malignant stage, HCC is usually diagnosed late and of high aggressiveness. A better understanding of the genetic and epigenetic changes during HCC development and progression is of great importance to early diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Gain of chromosome 1q21 is one of most frequent genetic alteration in HCC and chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1-like (CHD1L) was recently identified to be responsible for this amplification. As a family member of SNF-2 like transcription factors, CHD1L plays an important role in HCC development via regulation of various downstream targets. In this study, a novel oncogene, sparc/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains proteoglycan 1 (SPOCK1), was identified as a CHD1L target. CHD1L protein directly bound to the promoter region (nt -1662 to +34) of SPOCK1 and activated its transcription. Clinically, overexpression of SPOCK1 was detected in 60% of human HCC samples and was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage (P=0.020), shorter overall survival (P=0.011) and poorer disease-free survival of patients (P=0.039). Functionally, the ectopic expression of SPOCK1 in HCC cells conferred strong tumorigenic ability, while shRNA-mediated SPOCK1 silencing abolished this effect. Further study showed that the SPOCK1-enhanced cell survival could be attributed to its anti-apoptotic effects. SPOCK1 could suppress HCC cell apoptosis through the activation of AKT and subsequent inhibition of the (cytochrome c)-(caspase-9)-(caspase-3) pathway. In addition to its tumorigenic roles, the overexpression of SPOCK1 in HCC cells conferred strong metastatic ability via MMP9-mediated extracellular matrix remodeling. In addition to genetic alterations, epigenetic changes also get increasing attentions due to their profound effects on gene activity and expression. A-to-I RNA editing is a post-transcriptional epigenetic modification which converts a site-selective adenosine nucleotide into inosine. The importance of RNA editing has long been underestimated because most of RNA editing modifications occur in a subtle way. The next-generation sequencing provides enough depth to unravel this mystery. The transcriptome sequencing data obtained from this study identified an A-to-I RNA editing at codon 367 (Ser→Gly) of antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1). A high modification rate of AZIN1 was found to be prevalent in HCC specimens and closely associated with HCC pathogenesis. Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-1 (ADAR1), but not ADAR2 or ADAR3, was responsible for AZIN1 RNA editing. This recoding editing event conferred "gain-of-function" phenotypes as manifested by augmented tumorigenic capabilities and higher aggressive potentials. Compared with wild-type AZIN1 protein, the edited form possessed stronger affinity to antizyme. As a result, edited AZIN1 demonstrated higher protein stability and ensuing neutralization of the antizyme-mediated degradation of ODC and CCND1 oncoproteins. The rescued ODC and CCND1 robustly accelerated cell proliferation thereby promoting HCC development. In conclusion, two novel molecular mechanisms, (CHD1L)-(SPOCK1)-(AKT) and (ADAR1)-(edited A
Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Two Oncogenes SPOCK1 and AZIN1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma written by 李妍 and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Two Oncogenes SPOCK1 and AZIN1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma written by Yan Li (clinical oncologist.) and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Epigenetic Regulation and Epigenomics written by Robert A. Meyers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-10-02 with total page 1259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics is a term in biology referring to heritable traits that do not involve changes in the underlying DNA sequence of the organism. Epigenetic traits exist on top of or in addition to the traditional molecular basis for inheritance. The "epigenome" is a parallel to the word "genome," and refers to the overall epigenetic state of a cell. Cancer and stem cell research have gradually focused attention on these genome modifications. The molecular basis of epigenetics involves modifications to DNA and the chromatin proteins that associate with it. Methylation, for example, can silence a nearby gene and seems to be involved in some cancers. Epigenetics is beginning to form and take shape as a new scientific discipline, which will have a major impact on Medicine and essentially all fields of biology. Increasingly, researchers are unearthing links between epigenetics and a number of diseases. Although in recent years cancer has been the main focus of epigenetics, recent data suggests that epigenetic plays a critical role in psychology and psychopathology. It is being realized that normal behaviors such as maternal care and pathologies such as Schizophrenia and Alzheimer's might have an epigenetic basis. It is also becoming clear that nutrition and life experiences have epigenetic consequences. Discover more online content in the Encyclopedia of Molecular Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine.
Download or read book Building Cross border Joint Universities in China written by Yunyun Qin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-07-13 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the interactions and dynamics between one cross-border joint-university and its social environment in the process of institutional transplantation and organizational adaptation. This study specifically demonstrates the interplays between the joint-university and its key players, including partners, government, market, parents, and the general public. By examining a variety of tensions between the joint-university and its key social actors, this research suggests a concept of "organizational dilemma" to capture the characteristics embedded in cross-border joint-universities in mainland China, and as an analytical model to unpack the tensions giving rise to the dilemmatic feature.
Download or read book Uropathology written by Maria Rosaria Raspollini and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-05-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers all relevant topics of uropathology (tumoral and non-tumoral), from the normal histology of the genitourinary tract to pathological findings of diseases in the male genital and urinary tract. To make the content more accessible, all content is arranged alphabetically and each entry is uniformly structured, presenting the epidemiology, the clinical signs, the gross and histological features, the immunohistochemical stainings, and the molecular data for each disease. Histological pictures clarify the microscopic findings and help readers understand the differential diagnosis for genitourinary tract diseases. In addition to internationally respected experts on pathologies of the prostate, bladder, kidney and testis, researchers coming from other disciplines such as molecular biologists, soft tissue pathologists, dermatopathologists, hematopathologists and gynaecopathologists have contributed to this book, thus making it interesting for uropathologists, but also for students, residents, clinicians (surgeons, radiotherapists, oncologists, urologists, dermatologists) and researchers who deal with disciplines that call for knowledge of the pathologies of the male genital and urinary tracts.
Download or read book Pancreatic Pathology written by Günter Klöppel and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Minority Education in China written by James Leibold and published by Hong Kong University Press. This book was released on 2014-01-01 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China has been ethnically, linguistically, and religiously diverse. This volume recasts the pedagogical and policy challenges of minority education in China in the light of the state's efforts to balance unity and diversity. It brings together leading experts including both critical voices writing from outside China and those working inside China's educational system. The essays explore different aspects of ethnic minority education in China: the challenges associated with bilingual and trilingual education in Xinjiang and Tibet; Han Chinese reactions to preferential minority education; the ro.
Download or read book Endocrine Pathology written by Fátima Carneiro and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
