Download or read book Hydrogenated Microcrystalline Silicon Thin Film Growth in the DC Saddle Field PECVD System written by Erik Verne Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and microcrystalline silicon (muc-Si:H) thin films were grown at the threshold of the amorphous-to-microcrystalline phase transition in a modified direct current (DC) saddle field plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (SF-PECVD) system. For the first time, the microcrystalline content of the resulting films was successfully controlled through direct manipulation of the substrate surface bias during growth. This effect was quantified for multiple pressures. The as-grown microcrystalline content and the laser-induced crystallization of the films was quantified using Raman scattering spectroscopy. The optoelectronic and morphological properties of the films were measured. These measurements included UV-Vis and IR spectroscopy, temperature-dependent four-point conductivity, photoluminescence, atomic force microscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry. All measurements correlated well with the microcrystalline content of the films. The growth of muc-Si:H in an ion-bombarding environment was modeled using a general formalism applicable to all methods of muc-Si:H growth. The simulation results of the model showed good qualitative agreement to experimental findings from this work as well as the literature. The operation of the SF-PECVD system using a large-area externally applied substrate bias was examined under varying conditions and new limitations to the large area application of substrate bias were discovered. Three previously unidentified plasma operation regimes were identified that explain the role of substrate bias in controlling microcrystalline growth. A methodology for the design of SF-PECVD systems for the growth of muc-Si:H was described.
Download or read book Low Pressure DC Saddle Field PECVD for the Growth of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon written by Johnson Wong and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central goal in this work is to analyze and develop DC powered PECVD systems suitable for the deposition of amorphous silicon at low pressures (
Download or read book High rate growth of hydrogenated amorphous and microcrystalline silicon for thin film silicon solar cells using dynamic very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition written by Thomas Zimmermann and published by Forschungszentrum Jülich. This book was released on 2013 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Grown at Low Temperature Using the Dc Saddle field Deposition System microform written by Jennifer Sue Petherick and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2004 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of the dependence of amorphous silicon film properties on temperature has been carried out using the dc saddle-field glow discharge deposition method. Depositions were carried out using pure silane at substrate temperatures ranging from 50°C to 200°C. The electrical, optical and structural properties of the films were determined. The depositions were completed on a variety of substrates which were either electrically floating or held at electrical ground. Films grown under floated conditions showed an improvement in quality with increasing temperature while film quality improved at lower temperatures when grown on a grounded substrate. This result was attributed to enhanced ion bombardment occurring on the grounded substrates during growth. Application of a negative bias to the entire substrate holder was shown to enhance this effect. A low temperature solar cell was grown successfully and demonstrates the viability of low temperature photovoltaics.
Download or read book Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Carbide Prepared Using DC Saddle Field PECVD for Photovoltaic Applications written by Cheng-Chieh Yang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) can provide exceptional surface passivation essential for high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells. This thesis reports on the fundamental study of a-SiC:H films deposited using a novel deposition technique, DC saddle field PECVD, in contrast to the conventional industrial use of RF-PECVD. The growth conditions were optimized and correlated with passivating, structural, and optical characteristics. The lifetime has a strong dependency on deposition temperature and improves by over two orders of magnitude as the temperature increases; the maximum lifetime achieved in this work reached 0.5 ms. In addition, the Tauc optical gap can be increased from 1.7 eV to 2.3 eV by varying the precursor gas mixture ratio. Post-deposition annealing experiments demonstrate thermal stability of the samples deposited at 250 °C and in some instances shows improvement in passivation quality by a factor of two with a one-step annealing treatment at 300 °C for 15 minutes.
Download or read book The Growth of Microcrystalline Thin Films Using ECR PECVD written by Yung Moo Huh and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A high rate growth method of hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon, [Mu]c-Si:H, and silicon-germanium, [Mu]c-(Si, Ge):H, has been developed with very low hydrogen dilution ratio on foreign substrates, using a remote electron cyclotron resonance - plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (ECR-PECVD) process. In this work, the key variable was the hydrogen dilution, ratio of hydrogen to silane, [H2]/[SiH4], which ranged from 3.3 to 10, adding helium systematically. Phase transition from amorphous to microcrystalline states was observed as the amount of added helium was varied. It has been found that hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon films with more than 70 % of crystalline volume fraction were formed at high growth rates of 3.2 Å/sec at low substrate temperature below 300°C from the mixture of silane and hydrogen with a low hydrogen dilution ratio of as low as 3.3. The addition of helium did not increase the growth rate significantly, but it quickly served as disrupting microcrystalline formation. In addition, the substrate temperature-dependent phase transition was observed. The structural, electrical and optical properties, by Raman shift, x-ray diffraction, dark and photo conductivity, activation energy of dark conductivity, and photosensitivity measurements, were investigated to grow good quality [Mu]c-Si:H films at the low hydrogen dilution ratio with high growth rates. The prominent peaks at 520 cm−1 from Raman Shift spectroscopy, crystalline peaks from x-ray diffraction pattern, small photosensitivity, and low activation energy of dark conductivity due to grain boundaries in microcrystalline silicon thin films indicated the characteristic of crystalline materials.
Download or read book Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Silicon Science and Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Silicon Science and Technology 2005 Volume 862 written by Robert W. Collins and published by . This book was released on 2005-09-30 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book continues the long-standing and highly successful series on amorphous silicon science and technology. The opening article honors the pioneering use of photons to probe silicon films and provides an historical overview of optical absorption for studies of the Urbach edge and disorder. Additional invited presentations focus on new approaches for the fabrication of higher stability amorphous silicon-based materials and solar cells, and on the characterization of materials and cells both structurally and electronically. The book includes topics relevant to solar cells, including the role of hydrogen in metastability phenomena and deposition processes, and the application of atomistic material simulations in elucidating film growth mechanisms and structure as characterized by in situ probes. Chapters are devoted to nanostructures, such as quantum dots and wires, and to nano/microcrystalline and poly/single crystalline films, the latter involving new concepts in crystalline grain growth and epitaxy. Device applications are also highlighted, such as thin-film transistors, solar cells, and image sensors, operable on the meter scale, to memories, operable on the nanometer scale.
Download or read book Growth and Characterization of Microcrystalline Silicon Films and Devices Using Very High Frequency Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition written by Joshua Ali Graves and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is a report of the work done to grow hydrogenated microcrystalline Si materials and p-n junction photovoltaic devices using a 45MHz (VHF) PECVD process. Several parameters such as hydrogen dilution during growth, pressure, growth temperature, and ion bombardment were systematically varied during the growth process to study their effects on crystallinity and device properties. Crystallinity of the films was studied using Raman and x-ray diffraction techniques. It was found that the typical grain size was in the range of 10-25 nm, with larger grain sizes being obtained at higher deposition temperatures. It was also found that as the deposition pressure increased, the crystalline fraction decreased. This behavior is attributed to the decrease of ion bombardment at higher pressures. Optical measurements revealed the films to have absorption characteristics similar to those of c-Si. p+/n/n+ devices were fabricated on stainless steel and semi-transparent Mo/tin oxide substrates. Capacitance spectroscopy was used to estimate total defect and dopant densities in the base layer material. Good quality devices with fill factors approaching [difference]65% and open-circuit voltages of [difference]0.45 V could be fabricated using this technique. Diffusion length of holes in this material was estimated using quantum efficiency vs. voltage techniques, and it was found to be in the range of 1.2 micrometers.
Download or read book Growth and Characterization of Polycrystalline Silicon and Microcrystalline Silicon Carbide Thin Films Using ECR PECVD written by Bryan Kent Oliver and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the other hand, with He dilution at 15 mTorr the percent crystallinity obtained was also 86%, with decreasing crystallinity at lower pressures. We found that a dilution consisting of a 50%-50% mixture of H2-He, which allows a high ion bombardment deposition from the helium that is also benefited by the hydrogen etching effect, did not compromise the quality of the films. This plasma selection produced about 84% crystalline films, independent of the pressure setting. X-ray diffraction reveals the dominant crystal textures are 111 and 220 orientations, with 220 preferential growth at higher deposition pressures. The CH4/SiH4 flow ratio was found critical to the formation of microcrystalline SiC.
Download or read book Density of States in Hydrogenated and Tritiated Amorphous Silicon Thin Films Obtained Using the Constant Photocurrent Method microform written by Simone Pisana and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2004 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The constant photocurrent method (CPM) was implemented to determine the density of states in amorphous silicon below the Fermi level. Hydrogenated (a-Si:H) and tritiated (a-Si:H:T) amorphous silicon thin films, grown using the DC saddle-field deposition system, where analyzed with CPM. Tritium incorporated in amorphous silicon samples increases the defect state density over time. The results showed an exponential valence band tail and a peak of doubly occupied dangling bonds (D- ) positioned 1.24 eV below the conduction band. The defects in a-Si:H:T were monitored in time showing an increase of defect concentration of about two orders of magnitude. This trend evolved following the theoretical decay of tritium. The a-Si:H samples featured a valence band tail and a peak of singly occupied dangling bonds (D0). A halogen lamp was used to age the samples inducing the Staebler-Wronski effect. Upon illumination the defect density increased by one order of magnitude before saturating.
Download or read book High Growth Rate Deposition of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon germanium Films and Devices Using ECR PECVD written by Yong Liu and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogenated amorphous silicon germanium (a-SiGe:H) films and devices have been extensively studied because of the tunable band gap for matching the solar spectrum and mature the fabrication techniques. a-SiGe:H thin film solar cells have great potential for commercial manufacture because of very low cost and adaptability to large scale manufacturing. Although it has been demonstrated that a-SiGe:H thin films and devices with good quality can be produced successfully, some issues regarding growth chemistry have remained yet unexplored, such as the hydrogen and inert gas dilution, bombardment effect, and chemical annealing, to name a few. The alloying of the SiGe introduces above an order-of-magnitude higher defect density, which degrades the performance of the a-SiGe:H thin film solar cells. This degradation becomes worse when high growth-rate deposition is required. The work presented here uses the Electron-Cyclotron-Resonance Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (ECR-PECVD) technique to fabricate a-SiGe:H films and devices with high growth rates. Helium gas, together with small amount of H2, was used as the plasma species. Thickness, optical band gap, conductivity, Urbach energy, mobility-lifetime product, and quantum efficiency were characterized during the process of pursuing good materials. High-quality material was successfully fabricated with the ECR-PECVD technique at high growth rates. The device we made with 1.47 eV band gap has a fill factor of 64.5%. With the graded band gap and graded doping techniques, 70% fill factor was achieved when the band gap was graded from 1.75 to 1.47 eV. We also got 68% fill factor with the band gap graded form 1.75 to 1.38 eV.
Download or read book High Growth Rate Deposition of Hydrogenated Microcrystalline Silicon by a High Current DC Discharge written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Novel Deposition Technique for Fast Growth of Hydrogenated Microcrystalline Silicon Thin Film for Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells written by Jhantu Kumar Saha and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Growth Rate Deposition of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Germanium Films and Devices Using ECR PECVD written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogenated amorphous silicon germanium films (a-SiGe:H) and devices have been extensively studied because of the tunable band gap for matching the solar spectrum and mature the fabrication techniques. a-SiGe:H thin film solar cells have great potential for commercial manufacture because of very low cost and adaptability to large-scale manufacturing. Although it has been demonstrated that a-SiGe:H thin films and devices with good quality can be produced successfully, some issues regarding growth chemistry have remained yet unexplored, such as the hydrogen and inert-gas dilution, bombardment effect, and chemical annealing, to name a few. The alloying of the SiGe introduces above an order-of-magnitude higher defect density, which degrades the performance of the a-SiGe:H thin film solar cells. This degradation becomes worse when high growth-rate deposition is required. Preferential attachment of hydrogen to silicon, clustering of Ge and Si, and columnar structure and buried dihydride radicals make the film intolerably bad. The work presented here uses the Electron-Cyclotron-Resonance Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (ECR-PECVD) technique to fabricate a-SiGe:H films and devices with high growth rates. Helium gas, together with a small amount of H[sub 2], was used as the plasma species. Thickness, optical band gap, conductivity, Urbach energy, mobility-lifetime product, I-V curve, and quantum efficiency were characterized during the process of pursuing good materials. The microstructure of the a-(Si, Ge):H material was probed by Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy. They found that the advantages of using helium as the main plasma species are: (1) high growth rate--the energetic helium ions break the reactive gas more efficiently than hydrogen ions; (2) homogeneous growth--heavy helium ions impinging on the surface promote the surface mobility of the reactive radicals, so that heteroepitaxy growth as clustering of Ge and Si, columnar structure are reduced; (3) surface hydrogen removal--heavier and more energetic helium ions break the Si-H much easier than hydrogen ions. The preferential attachment of Si-H to Ge-H is reduced. They also found that with the small amount of hydrogen put into the plasma, the superior properties of a-(Si, Ge):H made from pure hydrogen dilution plasma were still maintained. These hydrogen ions help to remove the subsurface weakly bonded hydrogen and buried hydrogen. They also help to passivate the Ge-dangling bond.
Download or read book Development of Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposited Hydrogenated Microcrystalline Silicon for Thin Film Transistors written by Kenneth Arnold Bratland and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The TFTs have been characterized using the HP 4156A precision semiconductor parameter analyzer. Despite the improved electron mobility and conductivity obtained with [Mu]c-Si:H, the properties of the TFTs fabricated with this material were inferior to those of a-Si:H TFTS. This could be attributed to a high defect density in the material. The best a-Si:H and [Mu]c-Si:H TFTs had a field effect mobility of 0.283 and 0.0417 cm2/V·s, a threshold voltage of 2.185 and 3.481 Volts, and an on/off current ratio of 2.137 x 109 and 6.334 x 104, respectively.
Download or read book Microcrystalline Silicon Thin Films Deposited by VHF Plasmas for Solar Cell Applications written by Roger Sylvain Flückiger and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
