Download or read book Hydrogen Production from Bioethanol Using Cobalt Hydrotalcites written by Raúl Uziel Espinal Bustos and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen constitutes a promising alternative to manage our energy supply more efficiently. Hydrogen can be stored and used in fuel cells to produce electricity, where it combines with the oxygen present in the air and generates solely water as by-product. Of the different methods available to produce hydrogen, the catalytic reaction of ethanol and water (reforming) is one of the most advantageous alternatives, since ethanol can be produced easily from biomass (bioethanol), is liquid and simple to manipulate. This doctoral thesis studies the behavior of a family of cobalt catalysts to produce hydrogen from ethanol and water; to be more precise, catalysts based on cobalt hydrotalcites. The same process could be triggered by other types of catalyst, but many of them are far more expensive due to the noble metals they contain, and others - those based on nickel and cobalt - desactivate after a short amount of time because their surface accumulate carbon. This thesis demonstrates that with the help of a precise method of preparation, one can create inexpensive catalysts from cobalt hydrotalcites, which remain quite stable under realistic operating conditions. Chapter 1 introduces the reader to the key aspects of this doctoral thesis. It explains the objectives pursued and gives an overview of the state of art and the groundwork on which the experimental work is based. Besides explaining the general characteristics of the catalysts and the reactions that will be studied, chapter 1 also informs about cordierite monoliths: what exactly are they and why are they used in this work to physically stabilize the catalysts and catalytic membrane reactors. In this way, the aim of this doctoral thesis is to acquire new scientific knowledge on the one hand and on the other, to apply this knowledge in the development of devices that can be applied in practice. The four chapters following thereafter form a compound of papers that have been published in notable international journals (three of them) and one article in process of revision. Chapter 2 describes the preparation of a family of cobalt hydrotalcites with different ratios of cobalt, magnesia and aluminum, and how these cobalt hydrotalcites behave in the ethanol steam reforming reaction to produce hydrogen. Starting from a detailed characterization using different techniques like TEM, XRD, IR, TGA, In situ XPS, magnetism, etc., the different chemical elements present are identified, and their structure in the catalysts before, during, and after reaction is analyzed. It becomes evident that the best formula (with the greatest yield of hydrogen and the least amount of coke residual) is a hydrotalcite with a relation of Co:Mg:Al=1:2:1. It is concluded that during the reaction, the hydrotalcite-based catalyst transforms itself to a mix of cobalt spinel, strongly interacting with MgO on a nanometric scale. Nevertheless, if the reaction is repeated using only cobalt spinel (synthesized specifically for this purpose), the outcome is a smaller amount of hydrogen. This shows that cobalt hydrotalcite used as a catalyst precursor plays a crucial part in the final structure of the catalyst. Hydrotalcite Co:Mg:Al=1:2:1 doped with Pt and Rh is studied in chapter 3. For this, two families of catalysts with different ratios of Pt and Rh were prepared. They were analyzed under the same conditions as explained in chapter 2 and were tested in the reaction. The objective of doping the cobalt hydrotalcite with noble metals was to facilitate the reaction of cobalt, given the fact that metallic cobalt is the active element in ethanol steam reforming. Besides this key function of metallic cobalt, chapter 2 also reveals, however, that metallic cobalt speeds up the catalyst deactivation by causing severe coke accumulation. Hydrotalcite Co:Mg:Al=1:2:1 doped with Pt and Rh is studied in chapter 3. For this, two families of catalysts with different ratios of Pt and Rh were prepared.

Download or read book Renewable Hydrogen Technologies written by Luis M Gandia and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-05-03 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fields covered by the hydrogen energy topic have grown rapidly, and now it has become clearly multidisciplinary. In addition to production, hydrogen purification and especially storage are key challenges that could limit the use of hydrogen fuel. In this book, the purification of hydrogen with membrane technology and its storage in "solid" form using new hydrides and carbon materials are addressed. Other novelties of this volume include the power conditioning of water electrolyzers, the integration in the electric grid of renewable hydrogen systems and the future role of microreactors and micro-process engineering in hydrogen technology as well as the potential of computational fluid dynamics to hydrogen equipment design and the assessment of safety issues. Finally, and being aware that transportation will likely constitute the first commercial application of hydrogen fuel, two chapters are devoted to the recent advances in hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines for transport vehicles. - Hydrogen from water and biomass considered - Holistic approach to the topic of renewable hydrogen production - Power conditioning of water electrolyzers and integration of renewable hydrogen energy systems considered - Subjects not included in previous books on hydrogen energy - Micro process technology considered - Subject not included in previous books on hydrogen energy - Applications of CFD considered - Subject not included in previous books on hydrogen energy - Fundamental aspects will not be discussed in detail consciously as they are suitably addressed in previous books - Emphasis on technological advancements - Chapters written by recognized experts - Up-to date approach to the subjects and relevant bibliographic references

Download or read book Hydrogen Production Technologies written by Mehmet Sankir and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive practical review of the new technologies used to obtain hydrogen more efficiently via catalytic, electrochemical, bio- and photohydrogen production. Hydrogen has been gaining more attention in both transportation and stationary power applications. Fuel cell-powered cars are on the roads and the automotive industry is demanding feasible and efficient technologies to produce hydrogen. The principles and methods described herein lead to reasonable mitigation of the great majority of problems associated with hydrogen production technologies. The chapters in this book are written by distinguished authors who have extensive experience in their fields, and readers will have a chance to compare the fundamental production techniques and learn about the pros and cons of these technologies. The book is organized into three parts. Part I shows the catalytic and electrochemical principles involved in hydrogen production technologies. Part II addresses hydrogen production from electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) by decomposing organic compound into hydrogen in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). The final part of the book is concerned with photohydrogen generation. Recent developments in the area of semiconductor-based nanomaterials, specifically semiconductor oxides, nitrides and metal free semiconductor-based nanomaterials for photocatalytic hydrogen production are extensively discussed.

Download or read book Evaluation and Utilization of Bioethanol Fuels II written by Ozcan Konur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-12-22 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the direct use of bioethanol fuels in electric cars and the indirect use of bioethanol fuels in electric cars in the form of biohydrogen produced from bioethanol fuels Discusses bioethanol fuel-based bioelectricity production, bioethanol fuel-based biochemical and biohydrocarbon production Discusses direct bioethanol fuel cells, bioethanol fuel electrooxidation, catalysts for bioethanol fuel oxidation, and nanotechnology applications in fuel cells Includes case studies of bioethanol fuel-based biochemical and biohydrocarbon production, nanosensors, ZnO-based nanosensors, and SnO2-based nanosensors

Download or read book Fuel Cell Grade Hydrogen Production from the Steam Reforming of Bio ethanol Over Co based Catalysts written by Drew J. Braden and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The catalytic steam reforming of bio-ethanol offers a highly attractive route for catalytically converting biomass to hydrogen. A cost-effective, non-precious metal, supported cobalt catalyst system has been developed that is effective for ethanol reforming to produce fuel cell grade hydrogen. A series of cobalt catalysts have been synthesized using zirconia as a support. Catalyst testing on a lab scale continuous flow reaction system with a packed catalyst bed showed the best performance for the 10% Co- Zr catalyst at a reaction temperature of 450°C. The optimal catalyst parameters were determined using the characterization techniques BET surface area analysis, temperature programmed reduction (TPR), Laser Raman Spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Diffuse Reflectance Infra-red Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS).

Download or read book Current Trends and Future Developments on Bio Membranes written by Angelo Basile and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Trends and Future Developments in (Bio-) Membranes: Membranes in Environmental Applications offers an overview of environmental pollution, covering the air, water, waste from agriculture and climate change, and including emerging offenders such as microplastics and electronic waste which can be solved by conventional and advanced membrane techniques. Chapters cover environmental pollution issues followed by specific membrane processes, problems related to environmental pollution, and the different techniques used for solving these problems. For each pollutant, such as CO2 and fuel, water and wastewater, waste from agriculture, etc., specific membrane processes are described. Users will find a comprehensive overview on the environmental problems that influence climate change and aquatic/water preservation, CO2 emission and air pollution, metals, toxic pollutants in water, wastewater problems and treatments, and more. - Presents an overview on the interconnections between membrane technology and environmental issues - Provides a comprehensive review of the environmental pollution issues tackled by membrane processes - Addresses key issues in energy production from renewable sources

Download or read book Current Trends and Future Developments on Bio Membranes written by Adolfo Iulianelli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-07-22 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade, the attention paid to the environmental protection has generated a considerable interest towards the development of new energy carriers and green energy production methods. Hydrogen as an energy carrier becomes a potential important source of energy due to its neutral environmental impact. However, its production, transformation and purification, presents a challenge in the so called hydrogen economy. Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes gives a comprehensive review on the present state of the art of the hydrogen production and purification using new and alternative technologies stressing green processes and environment protection. The book covers green processes, renewable feedstocks utilization and membrane reactor technology for hydrogen production in line with new process intensification strategy. The book is divided in four sections, ie fundamentals of hydrogen generation, its impact on environmental issue, new applications involving hydrogen and its storage and distribution. The main scope of this book is to offer a new horizon on hydrogen generation and utilization. It stresses the role of new technologies for hydrogen generation, including the "micro-reactors technology for portable applications, their combination with high temperature fuel cells, the role of gas-separation for both hydrogen purification and CO2 sequestration, the exploitation of renewable sources (biogas, bioethanol and other renewables feedstocks) in reforming processes useful to generate hydrogen, membrane and membrane reactor technology as well as membrane bio-reactors etc. - Presents process intensification and commercialization of new and alternative hydrogen generation technologies - Relates new hydrogen production methods to their environmental impact - Outlines the fundamentals of hydrogen generation - Includes new developed technologies for hydrogen transport and storage

Download or read book Surface Chemistry and Catalysis written by Michalis Konsolakis and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Surface Chemistry and Catalysis" that was published in Catalysts

Download or read book Iron and Cobalt Catalysts written by Wilson D. Shafer and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-06-23 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the turn of the last century when the field of catalysis was born, iron and cobalt have been key players in numerous catalysis processes. These metals, due to their ability to activate CO and CH, haev a major economic impact worldwide. Several industrial processes and synthetic routes use these metals: biomass-to-liquids (BTL), coal-to-liquids (CTL), natural gas-to-liquids (GTL), water-gas-shift, alcohol synthesis, alcohol steam reforming, polymerization processes, cross-coupling reactions, and photocatalyst activated reactions. A vast number of materials are produced from these processes, including oil, lubricants, waxes, diesel and jet fuels, hydrogen (e.g., fuel cell applications), gasoline, rubbers, plastics, alcohols, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, feed-stock chemicals, and other alternative materials. However, given the true complexities of the variables involved in these processes, many key mechanistic issues are still not fully defined or understood. This Special Issue of Catalysis will be a collaborative effort to combine current catalysis research on these metals from experimental and theoretical perspectives on both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. We welcome contributions from the catalysis community on catalyst characterization, kinetics, reaction mechanism, reactor development, theoretical modeling, and surface science.

Download or read book Sorption Enhanced Reaction Processes written by Alirio Egidio Rodrigues and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-08-16 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the development of sorption enhanced reaction processes (SERPs) with detailed modelling and simulation, design and operation of units. SERPs are processes intensified by combining adsorption and reaction, reaction and membranes or reaction/adsorption/membranes in a single unit in order to overcome thermodynamic limitations of conversion in reversible reactions. The focus here is on gas phase and liquid phase processes involving different technologies, including pressure swing adsorptive reactors, membrane reactors and simulated moving bed reactors. Emphasis is also given to presenting data and practical applications of SERP products.Sorption Enhanced Reaction Processes provides undergraduate and graduate students of chemistry and chemical engineering, researchers and industrial engineers with a clear path towards process development of SERP, whatever the area of application.

Download or read book Ethanol written by Angelo Basile and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-08-28 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethanol: Science and Engineering reviews the most significant research findings in both ethanol production and utilization. The book's contents are divided into four parts, beginning with an explanation of the chemical reactions involved during the conversion of ethanol to more complex molecules. Other sections focus on various processes and their potential use, the modelling of various chemical processes, and finally, their economic and environmental impact. The book includes the most advanced production processes, new technologies, applications, and the economic role ethanol plays today. The book will be great for researchers and engineers in both academic and industry. The idea of using ethanol as a fuel is one of the most promising options in the arena of alternative fuels because of it versatile use as an intermediate for producing hydrogen via reforming reactions, direct fuel cells feed and/or its production from biomass, which is also considered a sustainable feedstock. - Reviews ethanol production methods from biomass - Discusses the potential of ethanol as a viable future fuel - Includes hydrogen production methods using ethanol in catalytic reforming processes - Outlines the various technologies based on ethanol - Includes ethanol powered fuel cells

Download or read book Biorefinery of Alternative Resources Targeting Green Fuels and Platform Chemicals written by Sonil Nanda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes recent advances in the processing of waste biomass resources to produce biofuels and biochemicals. Worldwide interest in clean energy sources, environmental protection, and mitigating global warming is rapidly gaining momentum and spurring on the search for alternative energy sources, especially for the transportation and industrial sectors. This book reviews the opportunities presented by low-cost organic waste materials, discussing their suitability for alternative fuel and fine chemical production, physicochemical characterization, conversion technologies, feedstock and fuel chemistry, refining technologies, fuel upgrading, residue management, and the circular economy. In addition, it explores applied aspects of biomass conversion by highlighting several significant thermochemical, hydrothermal and biological technologies. In summary, the book offers comprehensive and representative descriptions of key fuel processing technologies, energy conversion and management, waste valorization, eco-friendly waste remediation, biomass supply chain, lifecycle assessment, techno-economic analysis and the circular bioeconomy.

Download or read book 2004 New and Renewable Energy Technologies for Sustainable Development Evora Portugal 28 June 1 July 2004 written by Naim Afgan and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2007 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New and renewable energy systems will play an important role in the sustainable development of a future energy strategy. Recent development in this field has proved that the virtual energy system including new and renewable energy sources is feasible. The promotion of renewable sources of energy is a high priority, for security and diversification of energy supply, environmental protection, and social and economic cohesion. This volume discusses the latest research on new and renewable energy resources and their utilization, emphasizing the present state of the art in the field and potential future development.

Download or read book Alcoholic Fuels written by Shelley Minteer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists and engineers have made significant advances over the last two decades to achieve feasible, cost-efficient processes for the large-scale production of alternative, environmentally friendly sources of energy. Alcoholic Fuels describes the latest methods for producing fuels containing varying percentages of alcohol alongside the var

Download or read book 2004 New And Renewable Energy Technologies For Sustainable Development written by Maria Da Graca Carvalho and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2007-02-28 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New and renewable energy systems will play an important role in the sustainable development of a future energy strategy. Recent development in this field has proved that the virtual energy system including new and renewable energy sources is feasible. The promotion of renewable sources of energy is a high priority, for security and diversification of energy supply, environmental protection, and social and economic cohesion.This volume discusses the latest research on new and renewable energy resources and their utilization, emphasizing the present state of the art in the field and potential future development.

Download or read book Renewable Hydrogen Production written by Ibrahim Dincer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-11-27 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renewable Hydrogen Production provides a comprehensive analysis of renewable energy-based hydrogen production. Through simulation analysis and experimental investigations, the book provides fundamentals, compares existing hydrogen production applications, discusses novel technologies, and offers insights into the future directions of this rapidly evolving industry. This all-in-one resource on how to produce clean hydrogen production to enhance energy efficiency and support sustainable development will appeal to a wide variety of industries and professionals. - Addresses the production of clean hydrogen from the major sources of renewable energy, including wind, solar, geothermal, hydro, biomass and marine energy - Presents information from simulations and experimental analyses - Offers insights into the future of renewable hydrogen production

Download or read book Bioenergy Systems for the Future written by Francesco Dalena and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioenergy Systems for the Future: Prospects for Biofuels and Biohydrogen examines the current advances in biomass conversion technologies for biofuels and biohydrogen production, including their advantages and challenges for real-world application and industrial-scale implementation. In its first part, the book explores the use of lignocellulosic biomass and agricultural wastes as feedstock, also addressing biomass conversion into biofuels, such as bioethanol, biodiesel, bio-methane, and bio-gasoline. The chapters in Part II cover several different pathways for hydrogen production, from biomass, including bioethanol and bio-methane reforming and syngas conversion. They also include a comparison between the most recent conversion technologies and conventional approaches for hydrogen production. Part III presents the status of advanced bioenergy technologies, such as applications of nanotechnology and the use of bio-alcohol in low-temperature fuel cells. The role of advanced bioenergy in a future bioeconomy and the integration of these technologies into existing systems are also discussed, providing a comprehensive, application-oriented overview that is ideal for engineering professionals, researchers, and graduate students involved in bioenergy. - Explores the most recent technologies for advanced liquid and gaseous biofuels production, along with their advantages and challenges - Presents real-life application of conversion technologies and their integration in existing systems - Includes the most promising pathways for sustainable hydrogen production for energy applications