Download or read book Human Insulin written by D.R. Owens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1986-05-31 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since insulin became available for the treatment of diabetes in 1922 a number of major advances have been made, which include the modification of insulin to vary its timing of action, its purification, and latterly, the production of human insulin. Human insulin in quantities sufficiently large for therapy has been made available by two techniques developed in parallel during the late 1970s. These involve either (i) formulation in E. coli bacteria suitably encoded by DNA recombinant methods of the A- and B-chains of human insulin followed by a chain combination reaction ('biosynthetic' human insulin) or (ii) enzymatic conversion (transpeptidation) of porcine insulin brought to react with a threonine ester by porcine trypsin in a mixture of water and organic solvents, yielding human insulin ('semi-synthetic' human insulin). This book includes the first clinical-pharmacological studies of each of the highly purified 'semi-synthetic' human insulin preparations: Actrapid ® HM; Monotard® HM; Protaphane® HM; Actraphane® HM; and Ultratard® HM (Novo Industri A/S, Copenhagen). The preliminary studies established their safety and efficacy relative to their porcine and bovine counterparts emphasising the relevance of species and formulation on the pharmacokinetics and biological responses to insulin. Additional investigations with human insulin demonstrated the influence of insulin concentration, site of administration, the addition of aprotinin to insulin and the mixing of 'short-' and 'intermediate-acting' formulations on insulin 'bioavailability'. Examination of the 'within' and 'between' subject day-to-day variation in absorption and the effect of subcutaneous insulin also demonstrates the dominating influence of insulin responsiveness.
Download or read book Sources of Medical Technology written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence suggests that medical innovation is becoming increasingly dependent on interdisciplinary research and on the crossing of institutional boundaries. This volume focuses on the conditions governing the supply of new medical technologies and suggest that the boundaries between disciplines, institutions, and the private and public sectors have been redrawn and reshaped. Individual essays explore the nature, organization, and management of interdisciplinary R&D in medicine; the introduction into clinical practice of the laser, endoscopic innovations, cochlear implantation, cardiovascular imaging technologies, and synthetic insulin; the division of innovating labor in biotechnology; the government- industry-university interface; perspectives on industrial R&D management; and the growing intertwining of the public and proprietary in medical technology.
Download or read book The Discovery of Insulin written by Michael Bliss and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2017-06-22 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of insulin at the University of Toronto in 1921-22 was one of the most dramatic events in the history of the treatment of disease. Insulin was a wonder-drug with ability to bring patients back from the very brink of death, and it was no surprise that in 1923 the Nobel Prize for Medicine was awarded to its discoverers, the Canadian research team of Banting, Best, Collip, and Macleod. In this engaging and award-winning account, historian Michael Bliss recounts the fascinating story behind the discovery of insulin – a story as much filled with fiery confrontation and intense competition as medical dedication and scientific genius. Originally published in 1982 and updated in 1996, The Discovery of Insulin has won the City of Toronto Book Award, the Jason Hannah Medal of the Royal Society of Canada, and the William H. Welch Medal of the American Association for the History of Medicine.
Download or read book Insulin Action written by Ashok K. Srivastava and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-05-31 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1996 the 75th anniversary of the discovery of insulin was celebrated at the University of Toronto, the scene of that discovery in 1921. This volume was stimulated by the scientific program which was staged at that time and brought together much of the world's best talent to discuss and analyze the most recent developments in our understanding of pancreatic function, insulin secretion, the interaction of insulin with its target tissues, the mechanism of insulin action at the cellular level, and the defects which underlie both Type I (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) and Type II (noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) forms of the disease. We have chosen to focus the present volume on work related to insulin action.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Insulin Action written by Alan R. Saltiel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-05 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 18 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, and about 90% of these have the type 2 form of the disease. This book attempts to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. It explores insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems.
Download or read book Human Insulin written by D.R. Owens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since insulin became available for the treatment of diabetes in 1922 a number of major advances have been made, which include the modification of insulin to vary its timing of action, its purification, and latterly, the production of human insulin. Human insulin in quantities sufficiently large for therapy has been made available by two techniques developed in parallel during the late 1970s. These involve either (i) formulation in E. coli bacteria suitably encoded by DNA recombinant methods of the A- and B-chains of human insulin followed by a chain combination reaction ('biosynthetic' human insulin) or (ii) enzymatic conversion (transpeptidation) of porcine insulin brought to react with a threonine ester by porcine trypsin in a mixture of water and organic solvents, yielding human insulin ('semi-synthetic' human insulin). This book includes the first clinical-pharmacological studies of each of the highly purified 'semi-synthetic' human insulin preparations: Actrapid ® HM; Monotard® HM; Protaphane® HM; Actraphane® HM; and Ultratard® HM (Novo Industri A/S, Copenhagen). The preliminary studies established their safety and efficacy relative to their porcine and bovine counterparts emphasising the relevance of species and formulation on the pharmacokinetics and biological responses to insulin. Additional investigations with human insulin demonstrated the influence of insulin concentration, site of administration, the addition of aprotinin to insulin and the mixing of 'short-' and 'intermediate-acting' formulations on insulin 'bioavailability'. Examination of the 'within' and 'between' subject day-to-day variation in absorption and the effect of subcutaneous insulin also demonstrates the dominating influence of insulin responsiveness.
Download or read book Insulin written by Arthur Teuscher and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1980s synthetic 'human' insulin produced by recombinant DNA technology came onto the market. Despite an acknowledgment by the manufacturers regarding the potential dangers of 'human' insulin they soon began to withdraw bovine and porcine insulin from markets all over the world, and promoted more expensive 'human' insulins as a superior replacement. Diabetics had no option but to effectively switch to the new synthetic insulins and often they received little or no information about their potentially life-threatening side effects. In the first part of this book the author provides fundamental information about insulin therapy and its history. A detailed discussion of the hazards confronting some diabetic patients when using 'human' insulin follows. Due to more pronounced hypoglycemia symptoms animal insulin can be regarded as safer than 'human' insulin for 10-20% of diabetic patients. The last part of this publication looks at the pharmaceutical industry's decision to withdraw animal insulin from the market and describes the struggles of a new global movement to secure its continued availability. This book not only provides potentially vital background information for those who depend on insulin, but also deserves the attention of professionals who prescribe or distribute this medication. It can also serve as a reference for patient advocates, relevant government departments and pharmaceutical companies.
Download or read book Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes written by Cecilia C. Low Wang and published by American Diabetes Association. This book was released on 2016-11-15 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Type 1 diabetes, formerly known as juvenile diabetes, is a complex disorder that requires a great deal of patient-guided self-care. In recent years, advances in diabetes treatment have dramatically shifted potential outcomes in the favor of the patient with diabetes. The challenge for health care professionals is to realize this potential through an individualized, flexible, and responsive treatment plan for patients with type 1 diabetes. Now in its seventh edition, Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes offers health care providers the newest information and guidelines for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Built on the foundation of multiple daily insulin injections and insulin pump therapy, this book guides health care providers in helping their patients continually strive for optimal blood glucose control. This new edition focuses on the latest molecular advances, new treatment methods, recent clinical trials, and the American Diabetes Association's Standards of Care. Key topics also include new insulins and administration protocols, advanced carbohydrate counting, and emphasis on continuing patient education. Individual sections address all of the topics in managing type 1 diabetes, including diagnosis and classification/pathogenesis, diabetes standards and education, tools of therapy, special situations, psychosocial factors affecting adherence, quality of life, and well-being and complications. Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes is an essential addition to any clinician's library for the treatment and understanding of type 1 diabetes.
Download or read book Galenics of Insulin written by Jens Brange and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Galenical pharmacy or galenics is the science dealing with the pro duction of drug substances from raw materials, the purity of such substances, their formulation into pharmaceutical preparations with the desired effects and safety in use, and the quality control, stability and storage of the preparations. The field has taken its name from the Greek physician Galen (131-201 A.D.), who had a profound influence on medicine for many centuries because he collected and systematized the medicinal knowledge of his time. The discovery of insulin is attributed to Banting and Best who, in 1921, prepared an extract of the pancreas of the fetal calf and showed that the extract was capable of reducing the blood sugar level of a diabetic dog. This outstanding discovery gave rise to the rapid develop ment of the manufacture of insulin of bovine and porcine origin. By 1925, two Danish manufacturers of insulin preparations were established; both have since been in the forefront ofthe development of insulin preparations, the latest achievement being the marketing of human insulin by Novo in 1982. The development of highly purified human insulin produced semisynthetically from porcine insulin or by DNA recombinant methods are significant contributions to safe and efficient insulin therapy. Insulin is a protein which is destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract.
Download or read book Davis s Drug Guide for Rehabilitation Professionals written by Charles D. Ciccone and published by F.A. Davis. This book was released on 2013-03-21 with total page 1217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-of-a-kind guide specifically for rehabilitation specialists! A leader in pharmacology and rehabilitation, Charles Ciccone, PT, PhD offers a concise, easy-to-access resource that delivers the drug information rehabilitation specialists need to know. Organized alphabetically by generic name, over 800 drug monographs offer the most up-to-date information on drug indications, therapeutic effects, potential adverse reactions, and much more! A list of implications for physical therapy at the end of each monograph helps you provide the best possible care for your patients. It’s the perfect companion to Pharmacology in Rehabilitation, 4th Edition!
Download or read book Invisible Frontiers written by Stephen S. Hall and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Author Stephen Hall weaves together the scientific, social and political threads of this story - the fierce rivalry between labs, the fateful clash of egos within labs, the invasion of academia by commerce, the public fears about genetic engineering, the threat of government regulation, and the ultimate triumph of modern biology - to give us an outstanding tale of scientific research."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus written by R. A. DeFronzo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-03-11 with total page 1200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus has been a successful, well-respected medical textbook for almost 20 years, over 3 editions. Encyclopaedic and international in scope, the textbook covers all aspects of diabetes ensuring a truly multidisciplinary and global approach. Sections covered include epidemiology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, management and complications of diabetes and public health issues worldwide. It incorporates a vast amount of new data regarding the scientific understanding and clinical management of this disease, with each new edition always reflecting the substantial advances in the field. Whereas other diabetes textbooks are primarily clinical with less focus on the basic science behind diabetes, ITDM's primary philosophy has always been to comprehensively cover the basic science of metabolism, linking this closely to the pathophysiology and clinical aspects of the disease. Edited by four world-famous diabetes specialists, the book is divided into 13 sections, each section edited by a section editor of major international prominence. As well as covering all aspects of diabetes, from epidemiology and pathophysiology to the management of the condition and the complications that arise, this fourth edition also includes two new sections on NAFLD, NASH and non-traditional associations with diabetes, and clinical trial evidence in diabetes. This fourth edition of an internationally recognised textbook will once again provide all those involved in diabetes research and development, as well as diabetes specialists with the most comprehensive scientific reference book on diabetes available.
Download or read book Managing Diabetes and Hyperglycemia in the Hospital Setting written by Boris Draznin and published by American Diabetes Association. This book was released on 2016-05-20 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the number of patients with diabetes increases annually, it is not surprising that the number of patients with diabetes who are admitted to the hospital also increases. Once in the hospital, patients with diabetes or hyperglycemia may be admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, require urgent or elective surgery, enteral or parenteral nutrition, intravenous insulin infusion, or therapies that significantly impact glycemic control (e.g., steroids). Because many clinical outcomes are influenced by the degree of glycemic control, knowledge of the best practices in inpatient diabetes management is extremely important. The field of inpatient management of diabetes and hyperglycemia has grown substantially in the last several years. This body of knowledge is summarized in this book, so it can reach the audience of hospitalists, endocrinologists, nurses and other team members who take care of hospitalized patients with diabetes and hyperglycemia.
Download or read book New Developments and New Applications in Animal Cell Technology written by Otto-Wilhelm Merten and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animal cell technology is becoming an increasingly important part of biotechnology and many products are now used in human health care and for veterinary applications. However, there are many times more products actually in the developmental pipelines of the biotechnology industry, including various phases of clinical trials. The Proceedings of the 15th Meeting of the European Society for Animal Cell Technology (Tours, France, September 1997) presents the actual current state as well as New Developments and Applications in Animal Cell Technology for the benefit of society. These Proceedings represent both the current state and applications of animal cell technology and the way the technology is expanding into new areas to give a unique insight into new products and applications for human and animal health care.
Download or read book Human Insulin written by Godefridus E. Storms and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Insulin written by Andrew J. Krentz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2024-01-18 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insulin: Deficiency, Excess and Resistance in Human Disease provides an overview of the role of insulin in the pathogenesis of prevalent non-communicable diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, along with a comprehensive review of insulin replacement therapies and novel cardioprotective and insulin-sensitizing drugs. Notable advances in precision diagnosis and therapy for single gene subtypes of diabetes in recent years are also discussed.The discovery of insulin and its lifesaving introduction into clinical practice is one of the most celebrated accomplishments of medical science. However, despite decades of progress and major technical advances, the goal of providing insulin replacement therapy that truly mimics normal physiology remains elusive. - Presents etiology and pathogenesis of insulin deficiency, insulin excess and insulin resistance in a wide spectrum of human diseases, ranging from rare to highly prevalent disorders - Discusses the latest developments in the diagnosis and management of insulin-related disorders and prospects for future developments - Explores the increasingly complex pharmacological landscape that comprises a bewildering range of drug-based interventions
Download or read book Radioimmunoassays for Insulin C Peptide and Proinsulin written by L. Heding and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE DISCOVERY OF INSULIN, C-PEPTIDE AND PROINSULlN, SPECIES DIFFERENCES Crude insulin was extracted and isolated from dog pancreases removed 7-1 ° weeks after ligation of the pancreatic duct for the first time in 1921 by Banting and Best. Its lifesaving properties were subsequently documented in pancreatectomized dogs in 1922. Only about six months elapsed from its discovery until systematic collection of calf and ox pancreases and, later, porcine pancreases was established and the blood glucose lowering effect in diabetics using the crude extract from these glands proven. It was not until 1960, however, that the primary structure of all three species of insulin, lO7 human, porcine and bovine, was elucidated . It then became evident that the differences between bovine, porcine and human insulin amounted to at mosl 3 amino acids. These apparently small differences have a significant impact on the physico-chemical characteristics of the three insulins which again affect, e.g., the rate of absorption of insulin lO9 preparations from the subcutaneous tissue and their immunogenicity, i.e.
