Download or read book How to Detect Construction Fraud written by Robert Louis Becker and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2012-02 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For every dollar spent on Time and Material (T&M) jobs, the contractor can recover all of his d costs plus all of his indirect overhead cost plus fees (profits). If all costs are recovered plus a fee, the contractor has little incentive to save the owner's money and expedite the work in the most prudent manner. The longer the project is delayed, the longer the contractor's equipment can be rented, the more field office staff can be billed, and the more overtime that is worked all contributes to more profits. Construction sites are more prone to fraud, over-billing, and lack of controls than typical businesses. Through proper construction oversight, there should be monitoring, accountability, and transparency for all transactions. There are two simple rules to follow: Rule Number 1: Never Assume Anything! There has to be a reason when the contractor fails to provide required documentation such as staff salary component details, purchase orders, equipment lists, or contracts with subcontractors. Perhaps the missing documentation shows charges to a different project that should not have been billed to this owner. Perhaps the staff salary components have hidden markups included in the rate in addition to the contractual fees. Perhaps the missing Purchase Order is a Lease-Purchase Option for equipment rentals with ownership of the item going to the contractor at the end of the lease but paid for by the owner. The reviewer should always question why something doesn't look right. Rule Number 2: Everything is Negotiable. Disputes often arise during a large construction project because of ambiguity in the contract terminology. The contract is the "Meeting of the Minds" of both parties throughout the project. An interpretation is often called for as to "What was the original intent of the contract language?" When every detail is not spelled out in the contract, there should be a reasonableness test applied. The contractor is acting as agent for the owner to complete the project prudently and expeditiously. If an equipment item can be rented for $1,000 per month or $600 per week and the length of rental is unknown, is it prudent to enter into a lease that costs the most ($1,000 per month versus $2,400 per month after 4 weeks)? The purpose of this book is to provide Government Agencies, Public and Private Project Owners, Certified Public Accountants, Construction Auditors, and Invoice Reviewers the tools needed to detect and dispute overcharges as well as provide guidance for Project Controls. Audit tools listed in this book will help detect unethical billing practices for any Agency or Company reimbursing contractors for craft labor, staff labor, material invoices, rental company invoices, or sub-tier-contractor invoices. The author recovered over $7 million overcharged by contractors and subcontractors on one project using techniques in this book. One significant audit finding could recover several thousand dollars of excess contractor profits and would justify the small investment in this book. WHY CONSTRUCTION AUDITING? Most owners of large projects, such as utilities or refineries, are not staffed for large maintenance or construction projects even though they always seem to be building or modifying their facilities. Projects can be short lived and the owners don't need a permanent staff for specific projects where the employees cannot be reassigned after job completion. They rely on contractors to execute the work acting as the owner's agent, gather the necessary documents to request their monthly reimbursement, and provide one accurate invoice for payment. The owner processes the bill as they would any other bill with perhaps a cursory review of the summary, a math verification of totals and some cross matching of labor rates, equipment rental rates, etc. Rarely is an in-depth review performed by a unique department such as Construction Audit but by the Accounts Payable Department. The Accounts Paya

Download or read book Benford s Law written by Mark J. Nigrini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-03-09 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A powerful new tool for all forensic accountants, or anyone whoanalyzes data that may have been altered Benford's Law gives the expected patterns of the digits in thenumbers in tabulated data such as town and city populations orMadoff's fictitious portfolio returns. Those digits, in unaltereddata, will not occur in equal proportions; there is a large biastowards the lower digits, so much so that nearly one-half of allnumbers are expected to start with the digits 1 or 2. Thesepatterns were originally discovered by physicist Frank Benford inthe early 1930s, and have since been found to apply to alltabulated data. Mark J. Nigrini has been a pioneer in applyingBenford's Law to auditing and forensic accounting, even before hisgroundbreaking 1999 Journal of Accountancy article introducing thisuseful tool to the accounting world. In Benford's Law, Nigrinishows the widespread applicability of Benford's Law and itspractical uses to detect fraud, errors, and other anomalies. Explores primary, associated, and advanced tests, all describedwith data sets that include corporate payments data and electiondata Includes ten fraud detection studies, including vendor fraud,payroll fraud, due diligence when purchasing a business, and taxevasion Covers financial statement fraud, with data from Enron, AIG,and companies that were the target of hedge fund short sales Looks at how to detect Ponzi schemes, including data on Madoff,Waxenberg, and more Examines many other applications, from the Clinton tax returnsand the charitable gifts of Lehman Brothers to tax evasion andnumber invention Benford's Law has 250 figures and uses 50 interestingauthentic and fraudulent real-world data sets to explain boththeory and practice, and concludes with an agenda and directionsfor future research. The companion website adds additionalinformation and resources.

Download or read book Fraud Prevention and Detection written by Rodney T. Stamler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-03-12 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lessons can be learned from major fraud cases. Whether the victim is a company, public agency, nonprofit, foundation, or charity, there is a high likelihood that many of these frauds could have been prevented or detected sooner if early Red Flag warning signs had been identified and acted upon. Fraud Prevention and Detection: Warning Signs and the

Download or read book Construction Guide written by Eric P. Wallace and published by CCH. This book was released on 2008 with total page 1364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Construction Guide provides CPAs with guidance on the accounting, auditing, and reporting that are particular to the construction industry. In addition, it provides CPAs with guidance on engagements for a wide range of situations, including those special to utility contractors, road builders, home construction, home builders, real estate developers, commercial construction, residential construction, and more. The book includes work programs, practice aids, checklists, and sample reports.

Download or read book Using Analytics to Detect Possible Fraud written by Pamela S. Mantone and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-07-16 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detailed tools and techniques for developing efficiency and effectiveness in forensic accounting Using Analytics to Detect Possible Fraud: Tools and Techniques is a practical overview of the first stage of forensic accounting, providing a common source of analytical techniques used for both efficiency and effectiveness in forensic accounting investigations. The book is written clearly so that those who do not have advanced mathematical skills will be able to understand the analytical tests and use the tests in a forensic accounting setting. It also includes case studies and visual techniques providing practical application of the analytical tests discussed. Shows how to develop both efficiency and effectiveness in forensic accounting Provides information in such a way that non-practitioners can easily understand Written in plain language: advanced mathematical skills are not required Features actual case studies using analytical tests Essential reading for every investor who wants to prevent financial fraud, Using Analytics to Detect Possible Fraud allows practitioners to focus on areas that require further investigative techniques and to unearth deceptive financial reporting before it's too late.

Download or read book Public Roads written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Construction Contractors Advanced Issues written by Dale Ruther and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-24 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The construction industry comes with many advanced accounting issues, audit procedures, and tax issues, which makes construction contractor engagements inherently higher risk than other engagements. As a result, practitioners and financial professionals should be prepared to address difficult issues such as look-back calculations, measuring progress of contracts, overhead allocations, and internal controls for construction contractors. In this book, some of the most pervasive issues in the construction industry and how to identify and manage the risks inherent in construction contractor engagements are discussed. This book shows how to: Apply complex accounting and financial reporting standards to construction contractors. Evaluate and rework audit processes to avoid common deficiencies in construction engagements. Identify tax compliance issues unique to the construction industry.

Download or read book Military Construction Veterans Affairs and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2012 VA OIG VA budget FY2012 budget submission summary volume FY2012 budget submission Medical programs and IT programs FY2012 budget submission benefits and burial programs and departmental administration written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 1180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Construction Contractors Accounting and Auditing written by James Wiedemann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-07-21 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With construction activity increasing and significant changes to the revenue recognition model, it is more important than ever for accountants and financial managers to be on top of the very latest in accounting and auditing changes for the construction industry. This guide examines the most recent updates and key issues impacting construction accounting and auditing. It covers new changes as a result of FASB ASU 2014-09, it also explores the relationship between the contractor and the surety.

Download or read book Handbook for Technical Auditors of the Construction Industry written by A L M Ameer and published by Notion Press. This book was released on with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Author has over 40 years of experience in the construction field exposed to Contractors, Consultants, Clients and teaching environments. His special interest is Construction Auditing and he has done various researches, submitted articles to construction magazines and presented research papers at international conferences. His personal opinion is that the Construction Cost professional Institutions and the Professionals at large have completely ignored the field of construction auditing for a long time. The governments’ construction expenditure, which now involve a significant portion of the budget of many countries mandated to be audited as check & balance. This government construction auditing exercise is still carried out by Financial Institutions under the name of Performance Auditing. The lack of interest by the Cost Construction professional Institutions resulted in the continuation of Performance Auditing by Financial Accountants. Construction at present is huge, complicated, involving different entities with various Contractual arrangements. The Financial Accountants do not have the sufficient skill to audit construction in the present environment and the results are plain to see. The loss owing to Frauds in government double (internal & external) audited construction has reached upwards of US $ 4 Trillion per year according to Transparency International. That is US $ 1.50 per head per day of the entire world population. This is an affront to the 21 century as more than a Billion people live below US $ 1.25 per day. The immediate requirement is a Post- Graduate course on Construction Auditing, Construction Auditing standards and a union for such auditors. The author hopes that this book will serve some purpose in that long exercise. The book can also be helpful to practicing construction professionals and students following construction related courses. . The other books by the author How To Win and Manage Construction Projects Published by Authorhouse Irregularities, Frauds and The Necessity of Technical Auditing in Construction Industry. Published by Authorhouse How To Be Successful At Interviews” Published by Notionpress, India.

Download or read book Diginomics Research Perspectives written by Lars Hornuf and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-10 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on traditional fields of business studies and economics and how digitalization has affected them. It provides an overview about the lessons learned from academic research and highlights implications for practitioners. Digitalization has not only changed the ways business administration and economics are taught, but also the substance at the core of the two disciplines. Chapters from expert contributors define and carefully evaluate the developments that have occurred over the last decades. The authors further provide an assessment of how industry branches have adapted and in which form regulators have engaged. Attention is given to the theoretical and empirical findings from recent scholarly literature. Furthermore, the authors provide some novel insights from their own research at the University of Bremen. This book appeals to business administration, economics, and entrepreneurship scholars and practitioners alike.

Download or read book False Claims in Construction Contracts written by Charles M. Sink and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Examination of Federal 9 11 Assistance to New York written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Homeland Security. Subcommittee on Management, Integration, and Oversight and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Federal 9 11 Assistance to New York written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Homeland Security. Subcommittee on Management, Integration, and Oversight and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Inspect what You Expect written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Veterans' Affairs. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book War Profiteering and Other Contractor Crimes Committed Overseas written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book 108 1 Hearings Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations For 2004 Part 2 2003 written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 2146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: