Download or read book How Japan Defends Itself written by Kumiko Ahr and published by vdf Hochschulverlag AG. This book was released on 2014-06-10 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work analyzes the necessity of changing Japan's present defense policy. The discussion of Japan's defense strategy has been an unpopular topic in Japan for a long time. The reason lies in its gruesome military aggression during the Second World War. Until the end of the Cold War, Japan did not show big concerns about its defense politics because the United States had protected it from communist enemies. Today, however, China's emerging power and North Korea's nuclearization pose serious threats. America, by contrast, suffers from great financial debts and is facing declining military forces. Japan's main doubt has thus come to light: Would America protect Japan in the case of hostile events? Since the world remains a realistic world, nuclearization can be an option in order to deter enemies. It turned out that Japan has not much of a choice but could provoke a discussion to overcome the nuclear dilemma.
Download or read book Defending An Economic Superpower written by Tetsuya Kataoka and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the reassessment of the U.S.-Japan security relationship to determine how Japan can do more for its defense, reduce America's spending for Japan's and Asia's security, yet preserve the peace in that region. It raises six questions about the relationship and tries to answer them.
Download or read book The Japanese Defense Debate A Growing Consensus written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The attitudes of a nation's people and its policymakers toward national security are shaped by three factors: their perceptions of the relative strengths of friend and foe, to include the willingness of each to use force; their perceptions of their own nation's military and economic vulnerability; and the current political climate, which can determine how policy alternatives are presented and discussed. These factors underwent significant change in Japan in the 1970s. Accordingly, those Japanese groups most concerned with defense policy have had to adapt to new realities. It is worth noting that at no point have the key actors stopped to ask, "Should Japan rearm?" Instead, they have responded to the question "How should Japan defend itself and its interests?" As a result, there are no sharp breaks from past policy to be found, even though we can see clearly identifiable changes in orientation in the last decade.
Download or read book Stability Then and Now written by William Woodward and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The security challenge facing Japan is, like that of every country, to defend its sovereignty as a nation-state. But Japan faces a unique tension in its pursuit and defense of sovereignty. Threats to territorial integrity and geopolitical interests suggest strengthening military forces and reducing dependence on the American military based in Japan. But at the same time, defending Japanese national culture and identity pushes toward retaining the pacifist Article 9 of the constitution that drastically limits what the Japanese military can be organized, equipped and deployed to do. The challenge facing Japan, with its unique combination of a constitution that proscribes war and playing host to approximately 50,000 American forces, is to defend its sovereignty in both internal and external ways. Internally, the country has a responsibility to the deeply imbedded pacifist culture built up in the seven decades since the second world war. Externally, it must defend itself against the potential regional aggression of China, and, perhaps, play a role in multinational defense efforts. These two fights for sovereignty are inherently in conflict with each other, but will have long-term impacts on hosting the U.S. military."--Page 1.
Download or read book Defense of Japan 1945 written by Steven J. Zaloga and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2011-12-20 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1945, with her fleet destroyed and her armies beaten, the only thing that stood between Japan and an Allied invasion was the numerous coastal defence positions that surrounded the islands. This is the first book to take a detailed look at the Japanese home island fortifications that were constructed during 1941–45. Utilizing diagrams, specially commissioned artwork, and sources previously unavailable in English, Steven Zaloga examines these defences in the context of a possible Allied invasion, constructing various arguments for one of the greatest 'what if' scenarios of World War II, and helping to explain why the Americans decided to go ahead with a nuclear option.
Download or read book Beyond Pacifism written by William C. Middlebrooks Jr. and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2008-06-30 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The so-called pacifist clause of the Japanese Constitution (Article 9) binds the Japanese people forever to renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as a means of settling international disputes. Beyond Pacifism argues that Japan must either repeal Article 9, or face a future in which Japan might be compelled to surrender sovereign authority in order to appease one or more of its immediate neighbors. If Japan cannot free itself of the constraints of its constitutional pacifism and choose to become a normal nation, willing and able to defend itself and its interests, it must endure what former Prime Minister Koizumi describes as the peace of slaves. Since 1952 Japan has followed the path of reinterpreting Article 9 in order to work around its pacifist strictures. Many Japanese party leaders—including prime ministers Abe and Koizumi—have called for Article 9 to be revised by the addition of a clause authorizing the use of force for the purpose of self-defense against aggression directed against the Japanese nation. Most foreign commentators and scholars urge Tokyo to continue to work around Article 9 without amendment. By contrast, the author argues that neither reinterpretation nor revision will allow Japan to counter the growing military threats from North Korea and China. Japan's health as a democratic state, contends Middlebrooks, requires an honest re-alignment of its law with its modern national identity, which is normal and no longer poses a militaristic threat to regional stability.
Download or read book The Military Balance 2019 written by THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES (IISS) and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Military Balanceis an authoritative assessment of the military capabilities and defence economics of 171 countries. Detailed A-Z entries list each country's military organisation, personnel numbers, equipment inventories, and relevant economic and demographic data. Regional and select country analyses cover the major developments affecting defence policy and procurement, and defence economics. The opening graphics section displays notable defence statistics, while additional data sets detail selected arms orders and military exercises, as well as comparative defence expenditure and personnel numbers. The Military Balanceis an indispensable handbook for anyone conducting serious analysis of security policy and military affairs. The International Institute for Strategic Studies, founded in 1958, is an independent centre for research, analysis and debate on the problems of conflict, however caused, that have, or potentially have, an important military dimension. Amid continuing conflict and broadening insecurity, The Military Balanceprovides essential facts and analysis for decision-makers and for better informed public debate. Because military affairs are inevitably clouded in fog, the IISS Military Balance is an essential companion for those who seek to understand. The Military Balanceis widely recognised as the best unclassified source of defense information on personnel, equipment and budgets for every country. important military dimension. Amid continuing conflict and broadening insecurity, The Military Balanceprovides essential facts and analysis for decision-makers and for better informed public debate. Because military affairs are inevitably clouded in fog, the IISS Military Balance is an essential companion for those who seek to understand. The Military Balanceis widely recognised as the best unclassified source of defense information on personnel, equipment and budgets for every country.
Download or read book Japan and the East Asian Balance of Power written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As of now, 13 years after the collapse of the American enterprise in Vietnam, dangers to the East Asian balance of power seem remote, despite growing Soviet military power and increased political interest in the area. However, the relations of the United States and Japan are pivotal to sustaining the current balance of power in the region. What could damage U.S. interests in the area is a change in Japan's role. No one expects Japan to become hostile, but, substitute the words "indifferent," "neutral," "non-aligned," or "aloof," and the relationship is changed ominously. What factors might change the Japanese-American relationship? First would be an attempt to revise the current formal treaty status to expand the scope of Japanese military obligations in East Asia and to relate these to contingencies in the Middle East or Europe. The second danger is clearly trade and finance. As the U.S. defense establishment warns, a trade war with Japan would endanger higher political and military interests. The third lever that might move Japan is defense expenditures. No one argues that Japan should not be able to defend itself to the extent of making a would-be aggressor at least calculate his probable losses. But continuing attempts to co-opt a greatly augmented Japanese force into American operational plans risk alienation of the Japanese public and Japan's neighbors. Arguments that the Seventh Fleet is doing Japan's job in the Indian Ocean break down on the assumption that Japan sees a job that needs doing; it doesn't. Fourth, there is a remote danger that the United States might eventually seek a special relationship with the People's Republic of China as a substitute for the Japanese one. If the balance of power in East Asia were to begin to turn against U.S. interests, there would be opportunities for the Soviets. But the argument here is that this balance is now at risk only if the United States mishandles its relations with Japan.
Download or read book Beyond Pacifism written by William C. Middlebrooks and published by Praeger. This book was released on 2008-06-30 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The so-called pacifist clause of the Japanese Constitution (Article 9) binds the Japanese people forever to renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as a means of settling international disputes. Beyond Pacifism argues that Japan must either repeal Article 9, or face a future in which Japan might be compelled to surrender sovereign authority in order to appease one or more of its immediate neighbors. If Japan cannot free itself of the constraints of its constitutional pacifism and choose to become a normal nation, willing and able to defend itself and its interests, it must endure what former Prime Minister Koizumi describes as the peace of slaves. Since 1952 Japan has followed the path of reinterpreting Article 9 in order to work around its pacifist strictures. Many Japanese party leaders—including prime ministers Abe and Koizumi—have called for Article 9 to be revised by the addition of a clause authorizing the use of force for the purpose of self-defense against aggression directed against the Japanese nation. Most foreign commentators and scholars urge Tokyo to continue to work around Article 9 without amendment. By contrast, the author argues that neither reinterpretation nor revision will allow Japan to counter the growing military threats from North Korea and China. Japan's health as a democratic state, contends Middlebrooks, requires an honest re-alignment of its law with its modern national identity, which is normal and no longer poses a militaristic threat to regional stability.
Download or read book Stalin s War written by Sean McMeekin and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2021-04-20 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A prize-winning historian reveals how Stalin—not Hitler—was the animating force of World War II in this major new history. World War II endures in the popular imagination as a heroic struggle between good and evil, with villainous Hitler driving its events. But Hitler was not in power when the conflict erupted in Asia—and he was certainly dead before it ended. His armies did not fight in multiple theaters, his empire did not span the Eurasian continent, and he did not inherit any of the spoils of war. That central role belonged to Joseph Stalin. The Second World War was not Hitler’s war; it was Stalin’s war. Drawing on ambitious new research in Soviet, European, and US archives, Stalin’s War revolutionizes our understanding of this global conflict by moving its epicenter to the east. Hitler’s genocidal ambition may have helped unleash Armageddon, but as McMeekin shows, the war which emerged in Europe in September 1939 was the one Stalin wanted, not Hitler. So, too, did the Pacific war of 1941–1945 fulfill Stalin’s goal of unleashing a devastating war of attrition between Japan and the “Anglo-Saxon” capitalist powers he viewed as his ultimate adversary. McMeekin also reveals the extent to which Soviet Communism was rescued by the US and Britain’s self-defeating strategic moves, beginning with Lend-Lease aid, as American and British supply boards agreed almost blindly to every Soviet demand. Stalin’s war machine, McMeekin shows, was substantially reliant on American materiél from warplanes, tanks, trucks, jeeps, motorcycles, fuel, ammunition, and explosives, to industrial inputs and technology transfer, to the foodstuffs which fed the Red Army. This unreciprocated American generosity gave Stalin’s armies the mobile striking power to conquer most of Eurasia, from Berlin to Beijing, for Communism. A groundbreaking reassessment of the Second World War, Stalin’s War is essential reading for anyone looking to understand the current world order.
Download or read book Japan s Potential Role in a Military Technical Revolution written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the 193Os, Japan had achieved the objectives of its 1868 Meiji Restoration. It had created a heavy industrial system of world rank supporting a modern military establishment to defend itself against western colonialism. This singular achievement led to the one thing the strategy was intended to prevent - defeat and domination by foreigners. Industrial growth ended centuries of autarky; a modernized Japan depended on imports for its technology, energy, raw materials, and strategic industrial supplies. To ensure itself of these inputs, it embarked on its own colonial ventures in Asia and built a naval fleet to protect its lines of supply. These actions eventually led Japan into conflict with the United States. Japanese dependence on overseas supplies made its merchant shipping a cornerstone of its industrial might. Yet, during the Second World War, Japan did not protect this fleet against attack by the use of anti-submarine warfare or protected convoys. Rather, the Imperial Japanese Navy saw its job as one of defeating the main American naval fleet. With its commerce unprotected, Japan suffered unsustainable losses to its economy and its ability to wage war. However, at the tactical-technical level, especially in naval aviation, Japanese industry and military planners were quite innovative. Despite its acceptance of the idea of total war, Japan's decision to make war on the United States was a profound error of historic proportions as the nation's strategic objectives vastly outran its military and industrial means. Although Japan's economic growth was remarkable, its economy was still considerably smaller than that of the United States; its technology - even its military technology - seriously lagged American levels.
Download or read book How the Japanese Became Foreign to Themselves written by Patrick Hein and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 2009 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question of whether Arendt's distinction of the private, public and society can be applied to the Japanese cultural context will be examined. It will be argued that repressed needs for equality, plurality and independence have made their way back through increased civil political participation and that this process is driven by the renaissance of the pre-Meiji Samurai principle of ethical individualism.
Download or read book Japan s Arduous Rejuvenation as a Global Power written by Victor Teo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book assesses the profound impact of Japan’s aspirations to become a great power on Japanese security, democracy and foreign relations. Rather than viewing the process of normalization and rejuvenation as two decades of remilitarization in face of rapidly changing strategic environment and domestic political circumstances, this volume contextualizes Japan’s contemporary international relations against the longer grain of Japanese historical interactions. It demonstrates that policies and statecraft in the Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s era are a continuation of a long, unbroken and arduous effort by successive generations of leaders to preserve Japanese autonomy, enhance security and advance Japanese national interests. Arguing against the notion that Japan cannot work with China as long as the US-Japan alliance is in place, the book suggests that Tokyo could forge constructive relations with Beijing by engaging China in joint projects in and outside of the Asia-Pacific in issue areas such as infrastructure development or in the provision of international public goods. It also submits that an improvement in Japan-China relations would enhance rather than detract Japan-US relations and that Tokyo will find that her new found autonomy in the US-Japan alliance would not only accord her more political respect and strategic latitude, but also allow her to ameliorate the excesses of American foreign policy adventurism, paving for her to become a truly normal great power.
Download or read book Defenders of Japan written by Garren Mulloy and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-12-01 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan's post-war armed forces are a paradox, both embarrassing remnants of the past and valuable repositories of experience. This book charts the development of the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) from 1954 as both unorthodox military institutions and servants of a civil society that decries militarism. Investigating JSDF contributions to Japanese and global security, the evolution of such contributions during and after the Cold War, and their possible reconfiguration for Japan's security needs ahead, Garren Mulloy offers insight into the Forces' past, present and future. He explores the characteristics and contradictions of Japanese policy, including novel approaches in response to an increasingly assertive China, the latent threat of North Korea and contributory pressure from the US. Though the American alliance remains the core of Japanese security, new partnerships and international overtures will also shape the Forces' place in Prime Minister Abe's new vision of 'proactive contributions to peace'. Defenders of Japan deconstructs how the JSDF have adapted and will continue to adapt within domestic norms, caught between unresolved legacies of Japan's imperial past and a dynamically shifting balance of future global power.
Download or read book The Fall of Japan written by William J. Craig and published by Open Road Media. This book was released on 2015-09-29 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New York Times Bestseller: A “virtually faultless” account of the last weeks of WWII in the Pacific from both Japanese and American perspectives (The New York Times Book Review). By midsummer 1945, Japan had long since lost the war in the Pacific. The people were not told the truth, and neither was the emperor. Japanese generals, admirals, and statesmen knew, but only a handful of leaders were willing to accept defeat. Most were bent on fighting the Allies until the last Japanese soldier died and the last city burned to the ground. Exhaustively researched and vividly told, The Fall of Japan masterfully chronicles the dramatic events that brought an end to the Pacific War and forced a once-mighty military nation to surrender unconditionally. From the ferocious fighting on Okinawa to the all-but-impossible mission to drop the 2nd atom bomb, and from Franklin D. Roosevelt’s White House to the Tokyo bunker where tearful Japanese leaders first told the emperor the truth, William Craig captures the pivotal events of the war with spellbinding authority. The Fall of Japan brings to life both celebrated and lesser-known historical figures, including Admiral Takijiro Onishi, the brash commander who drew up the Yamamoto plan for the attack on Pearl Harbor and inspired the death cult of kamikaze pilots., This astonishing account ranks alongside Cornelius Ryan’s The Longest Day and John Toland’s The Rising Sun as a masterpiece of World War II history.
Download or read book Operation Snow written by John Koster and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2012-09-17 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans have long debated the cause of the December 7, 1941 bombing of Pearl Harbor. Many have argued that the attack was a brilliant Japanese military coup, or a failure of U.S. intelligence agencies, or even a conspiracy of the Roosevelt administration. But despite the attention historians have paid to the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the truth about that fateful day has remained a mystery—until now. In Operation Snow: How a Soviet Mole in FDR’s White House Triggered Pearl Harbor, author John Koster uses recently declassified evidence and never-before-translated documents to tell the real story of the day that FDR memorably declared would live in infamy, forever. Operation Snow shows how Joseph Stalin and the KGB used a vast network of double-agents and communist sympathizers—most notably, Harry Dexter White—to lead Japan into war against the United States, demonstrating incontestable Soviet involvement behind the bombing of Pearl Harbor. A thrilling tale of espionage, mystery and war, Operation Snow will forever change the way we think about Pearl Harbor and World War II.
Download or read book Pastel written by Thomas M. Huber and published by Fort Leavenworth, Kan. : U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. This book was released on 1988 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mod slutningen af Stillehavskrigen planlagde den amerikanske hær en invasion af Japan i form af operationerne Olympic på øen Kyushu og Coronet i nærheden af Tokyo. For at vildlede japanerne gennemførtes to skinoperationer, Pastel og Coronet Deception. Forfatteren gennemgår forberedelser til, indhold og konsekvenser af skinoperationerne og analyserer ligeledes japanernes reaktioner undervejs.
