Download or read book How Does Fluency Based on Semantic Relations Contribute to Recognition Memory An ERP Study written by Aiqing Nie and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Some recent studies have found that processing fluency which refers to the subjective experience of ease or difficulty with cognitive processing can influence recognition memory. Participants tend to endorse fluently processed items to be old. Earlier studies applying R/K paradigm revealed that fluency induced by masked repetition priming increased familiarity not recollection. However the results by conceptual fluency in masked conceptual priming paradigm are controversial. Studies using primes that were conceptually related showed that conceptual fluency can affect familiarity and recollection. In that studies when conceptual primes lexically associated, researchers found that only familiarity was influenced. One possible source for the discrepancy may be the different semantic relations of primes. So we wonder how conceptual fluency base on different semantic relations influence familiarity and recollection and the difference between the modulation on recognition by perceptual and conceptual fluency.Methods: The present study used event-related potentials to investigate how conceptual (thematic/taxonomic relation) and perceptual fluency separately induced by masked conceptual and repetition priming paradigm differently contribute to recognition memory. In study phase, participants were required to judge whether the content of the picture displayed was nature or artificial. Then a recognition test in which participants make R/K/New judgment after a 1min distraction task.Results: ERP results showed all conditions recorded FN400 and LPC old/new effect, which supports dual-process models of recognition memory. Processing fluency induced by thematic relation can increase FN400.LPC for taxonomic relation and repetition prime peak earlier than unprimed condition, indicating that processing fluency can speed up the recollection. Semantic relation (taxonomic/thematic relation ) can differently modulate familiarity and recollection.Discussion: For thematic primes, the high associated relation in lexical level makes it easier for targets to come to mind. With less cognition resource involved they increased familiarity. In contrast, taxonomic prime with high semantic or conceptual level increase the fluency with which participants re-retrieve information about old item, which need more cognition cost. Thus, taxonomic relation condition rely on recollection and conceptual makes it earlier and faster than unprimed condition. Repetition priming speeding up LPC can be attribute to the fluency induced by the same perception and conception between prime and targrt. In conclusion, processing fluency based on masked priming can modulate familiarity and recollection.
Download or read book Learning and Memory written by Michael A. Yassa and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 767 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structured Semantic Knowledge Mediates Variability in Episodic Memory written by Shao-Fang Wang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis builds on previous empirical evidence and theoretical work to further investigate the variability in recognition memory behavior. Specifically, the global match-ing models provide mechanistic explanations of how similarities of memory representa-tions contribute to the memory signals that guide recognition memory decisions. In addi-tion, it is commonly believed that long-term semantic knowledge has an impact on the recognition memory related to that knowledge, and the relationship between semantic knowledge and recognition memory is mediated, in part, by interactions between the hip-pocampus (important for aspects of recognition memory) and distributed cortical regions (important for semantic knowledge). While this framework has garnered empirical and theoretical support, the detailed mechanisms underlying the influence of semantic knowledge on recognition memory remains unclear. My research explores how similarity among semantic knowledge influences the gradient of the memory signals that give rise to false and accurate recognition judgements. I ask 1) whether it is possible to systematical-ly modulate false and accurate recognition decisions with objective similarity measure-ments of semantic knowledge, and 2) what is the computation that translates similarity of semantic knowledge to recognition memory signals. I answer these questions with two experiments: Experiment 1 investigated how model-based semantic similarity measure-ments modulate false and accurate memory behavior by leveraging tools from computa-tional models (i.e., Natural Language Processing (NLP)) to systematically quantify se-mantic similarity of the stimuli. Building on the findings from Experiment 1, Experiment 2 used the model-based semantic similarity measurements to further examine the compu-tation that transforms semantic similarity to recognition memory signals. In Experiment 1, I used NLP-derived measurements of semantic similarity to generate word lists with varying degrees of semantic similarities as experimental stimuli. These word lists were used in a memory task to allow for precise control of the semantic similarities. The primary findings from Experiment 1 demonstrated that recognition memory behavior is modulated by semantic similarities. More specifically, NLP-derived semantic similarity predicted both false recognition memory to lures and accurate recog-nition memory to old words: false and accurate recognition judgments increased as a function of NLP-derived semantic similarity. The results from Experiment 1 highlight the fundamental role global similarity computations play in generating recognition memory signals. In addition, our demonstration of the relationship between semantic similarity structure and recognition memory is largely compatible with the findings reported in the literature. Building on the findings in Experiment 1, one outstanding question is how se-mantic similarities are transformed to memory strength. To answer this question, in Ex-periment 2, we expanded our present findings to investigate how the dynamic of within-list distribution of semantic similarity affected recognition memory behavior. In Experiment 2, building on the results from Experiment 1, I explored the nature of the transformation between semantic similarities and recognition memory signals. In-spired by computational models of recognition memory, there could be a linear or a non-linear transformation between semantic similarities and recognition memory strengths. To differentiate between these two possibilities, I examined how skewed and uniform distri-butions of semantic similarities affect recognition memory. The main findings from Ex-periment 2 showed that there was no significant difference between skewed and uniform distribution of semantic similarities on false and accurate recognition memory. The null results indicate that encountering a few semantically highly similar items (i.e., the skewed condition) is not enough to significantly increase false memory for similar lures beyond a linear similarity computation (i.e., the uniform condition). One possible explanation for our null findings is that the memory representations used in our study are defined only by the semantic features of the stimuli; however, the proposed memory representations in global matching models and the neural representations in the fMRI studies both consist of various features beyond the semantic features. Another possible explanation for the null findings is that the process of extracting word embeddings from word co-occurrences already encompasses nonlinear transformations of the semantic space. Building on our findings, a potential research direction is to further explore the computa-tion between NLP-derived semantic similarity and memory signals with more complex models.
Download or read book Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2009-04 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Language and Memory Understanding Their Interactions Interdependencies and Shared Mechanisms written by Melissa Duff and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Language and memory have historically been studied apart, as unique cognitive abilities, and with distinct research traditions and methods. Over the past several decades, however, a growing body of evidence suggests that language and memory are heavily intertwined and may even rely on shared cognitive and neural mechanisms. Cutting across theoretical and methodological approaches, these findings offer novel insights into the interactions and interdependencies of language and memory. These advances also have considerable theoretical and clinical implications for the neurobiology of language and memory, their development, representation, and maintenance across the lifespan, the intervention and rehabilitation of disorders of language and memory, and the evolution of these two quintessential human abilities.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics written by M. Gareth Gaskell and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to communicate through spoken and written language is one of the defining characteristics of the human race, yet it remains a deeply mysterious process. The young science of psycholinguistics attempts to uncover the mechanisms and representations underlying human language. This interdisciplinary field has seen massive developments over the past decade, with a broad expansion of the research base, and the incorporation of new experimental techniques such as brain imaging and computational modelling. The result is that real progress is being made in the understanding of the key components of language in the mind. The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics brings together the views of 75 leading researchers in psycholinguistics to provide a comprehensive and authoritative review of the current state of the art in psycholinguistics. With almost 50 chapters written by experts in the field, the range and depth of coverage is unequalled. The contributors are eminent in a wide range of fields, including psychology, linguistics, human memory, cognitive neuroscience, bilingualism, genetics, development and neuropsychology. Their contributions are organised into six themed sections, covering word recognition, the mental lexicon, comprehension and discourse, language production, language development, and perspectives on psycholinguistics. The breadth of coverage, coupled with the accessibility of the short chapter format should make the handbook essential reading for both students and researchers in the fields of psychology, linguistics and neuroscience.
Download or read book Memory Amnesia and the Hippocampal System written by Neal J. Cohen and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 1182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this sweeping synthesis, Neal J. Cohen and Howard Eichenbaum bring together converging findings from neuropsychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science that provide the critical clues and constraints for developing a more comprehensive understanding of memory. Specifically, they offer a cognitive neuroscience theory of memory that accounts for the nature of memory impairment exhibited in human amnesia and animal models of amnesia, that specifies the functional role played by the hippocampal system in memory, and that provides further understanding of the componential structure of memory.The authors' central thesis is that the hippocampal system mediates a capacity for declarative memory, the kind of memory that in humans supports conscious recollection and the explicit and flexible expression of memories. They argue that this capacity emerges from a representation of critical relations among items in memory, and that such a relational representation supports the ability to make inferences and generalizations from memory, and to manipulate and flexibly express memory in countless ways. In articulating such a description of the fundamental nature of declarative representation and of the mnemonic capabilities to which it gives rise, the authors' theory constitutes a major extension and elaboration of the earlier procedural-declarative account of memory.Support for this view is taken from a variety of experimental studies of amnesia in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. Additional support is drawn from observations concerning the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the hippocampal system. The data taken from divergent literatures are shown to converge on the central theme of hippocampal involvement in declarative memory across species and across behavioral paradigms.
Download or read book Cognitive Neuroscience Society Annual Meeting Abstract Program written by Cognitive Neuroscience Society. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cognitive Consistency written by Bertram Gawronski and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2012-01-27 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an overview of recent research on the nature, causes, and consequences of cognitive consistency. In 21 chapters, leading scholars address the pivotal role of consistency principles at various levels of social information processing, ranging from micro-level to macro-level processes. The book's scope encompasses mental representation, processing fluency and motivational fit, implicit social cognition, thinking and reasoning, decision making and choice, and interpersonal processes. Key findings, emerging themes, and current directions in the field are explored, and important questions for future research identified.
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book Neuropharmacological Neurobiological and Behavioral Mechanisms of Learning and Memory written by Alfredo Meneses and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-06-28 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the more dynamic topics in science are Neuropharmacological, Neurobiological and Behavioral Mechanisms of Learning and Memory. In this eBook the reader will find fresh reviews and research papers illustrating diverse approaches, which will be seminal in the future.
Download or read book Fluency and Reading Comprehension in Typical Readers and Dyslexic Readers Volume II written by Manuel Soriano-Ferrer and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-03-06 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Research Topic is the second edition of Fluency and reading comprehension in typical readers and dyslexics readers: Volume I This Second Edition Research Topic is focused on the characterization of the reading-writing difficulties and their comorbidities and in the analysis of evidence-based recommendations for early interventions and treatment of these difficulties within the fields of neuropsychology, speech-language pathology, and educational psychology. Reading involves decoding and comprehension components, and to become efficient it requires a large number of cognitive and linguistic processes. Among those, decoding failures can have different origins, such as deficits in phonological and/or visual processing. In addition, a child with reading difficulties might also have problems in the acquisition of writing and handwriting performance. This is an important point to be discussed, as reading and writing both suffer interference from vocabulary acquisition, linguistic skills, memory skills, reading and writing practices, and literacy methods. These processes become important only when the professional needs to deal with students presenting learning difficulties. Difficulty in using the knowledge of conversion rules between grapheme-phoneme to word reading construction or phoneme-grapheme for writing can be identified in schoolchildren with dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dysortography, being a specific learning disorder with a neurological etiology. In addition, there is established evidence of a speech-language processing basis, students with specific learning disabilities can show a range of cognitive difficulties (e.g., rapid naming, executive functioning, working memory). These presented difficulties interfere in their learning process, impairing their learning development.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Event Related Potential Components written by Steven J. Luck and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Event-Related Potential Components provides a detailed and comprehensive overview of the major ERP components.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Late Life Psychopathology written by W. Quin Yow and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-09-08 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research topic of “Late-Life Psychopathology" is about how various kinds of psychopathology manifest themselves in later life. The collection will include a broad spectrum of behavioral, cognitive, and emotional issues in older individuals, including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, sexual disorders, insomnia, and personality disorders. Along with the psychopathological disorders in older adults, this research topic will be focused on the psychopathological similarities and differences across the various age groups.
Download or read book Comparative Neuropsychology and Brain Imaging written by David Emmans and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 2015 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a special commemorative publication in honor of Professor Dr. Ulrike Halsband, from the University of Freiburg in Germany, on the occasion of her 60th birthday, and includes chapters specially written for the volume, with recent views, reviews and results on such fields as functioneuroanatomytomy, neuropsychology, education, animal behavior, altered states of consciousness, hypnosis and the history of psychology in Germany. The contributors are internationally well-known scholars from academic and clinical institutions abroad in Europe. --
Download or read book An Introduction to Psycholinguistics written by Danny D. Steinberg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-08 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learning About Language is an exciting and ambitious series of introductions to fundamental topics in language, linguistics and related areas. The books are designed for students of linguistics and those who are studying language as part of a wider course. Cognitive Linguistics explores the idea that language reflects our experience of the world. It shows that our ability to use language is closely related to other cognitive abilities such as categorization, perception, memory and attention allocation. Concepts and mental images expressed and evoked by linguistic means are linked by conceptual metaphors and metonymies and merged into more comprehensive cognitive and cultural models, frames or scenarios. It is only against this background that human communication makes sense. After 25 years of intensive research, cognitive-linguistic thinking now holds a firm place both in the wider linguistic and the cognitive-science communities. An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics carefully explains the central concepts of categorizaÂtion, of prototype and gestalt perception, of basic level and conceptual hierarchies, of figure and ground, and of metaphor and metonymy, for which an innovative description is provided. It also brings together issues such as iconicity, lexical change, grammaticalization and language teaching that have profited considerably from being put on a cognitive basis. The second edition of this popular introduction provides a comprehensive and accessible up-to-date overview of Cognitive Linguistics: Clarifies the basic notions supported by new evidence and examples for their application in language learning Discusses major recent developments in the field: the increasing attention paid to metonymies, Construction Grammar, Conceptual Blending and its role in online-processing. Explores links with neighbouring fields like Relevance Theory Uses many diagrams and illustrations to make the theoretical argument more tangible Includes extended exercises Provides substantial updated suggestions for further reading.
