Download or read book How Can Cambodia Lao PDR Myanmar and Viet Nam Cope with Revenue Lost Due to AFTA Tariff Reductions written by Kanokpan Lao-Araya and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-12 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In joining the Assoc. of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and ASEAN Free Trade Area, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Viet Nam have agreed to comply with the Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) Scheme, which reduces intra-ASEAN tariff rates on certain imports and may reduce gov¿t. revenue. This study proposes tax structure and tax admin. reforms and other policies that can be introduced to enhance revenue collection. They can: Strategically allocate goods among the four CEPT scheme lists; Improve their tax systems by replacing traditional general sales taxes with Value Added Tax; Reduce inefficiencies that impede tax collection and Discourage tax avoidance and evasion and reduce corruption among tax officials.
Download or read book Options for Managing Revenue Losses and Other Adjustment Costs of CLMV Participation in AFTA written by Jose L. Tongzon and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monetary Poverty Estimates in Sri Lanka written by Neranjana Gunetilleke and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-05 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an introduction to poverty-related data available in Sri Lanka, & monetary measurements of poverty carried out using this data. The lack of an official poverty line in Sri Lanka until June 2004 has over time generated a number of poverty lines & corresponding poverty measures. While these poverty measures have provided a good base for poverty analysis, this paper also touches on the problems generated by the use of multiple methods. The release of the official poverty line by the Dept. of Census & Statistics can be seen as a major step forward in the debate on poverty measurement in Sri Lanka. Charts & tables.
Download or read book Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Asia written by Douglas H. Brooks and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreign direct investment (FDI) flows have increased dramatically in recent decades. As developing countries, particularly in Asia, remove restrictions and implement policies to attract FDI inflows, trade and investment have become increasingly intertwined. As such, there have been growing calls for a multilateral framework of foreign investment rules to be negotiated under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This paper reviews recent developments in FDI flows and their impacts in developing Asia, and the importance of the policy context in which those flows occur. It discusses advantages and disadvantages of including FDI in WTO negotiations, and related policy options for developing Asian economies.
Download or read book A Review of Commitment Savings Products in Developing Countries written by Nava Ashraf and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many financial institutions in developing countries offer savings products. Yet, little has been done to assess systematically and quantitatively the relative merits of different product designs. This paper first examines different designs that provide incentives to clients to commit to save. Mechanisms are divided into depositside mechanisms that help clients make regular deposits, and withdrawal-side mechanisms that help clients restrict the use of their funds except for well-planned uses or emergencies. Then, using results from a short web-based survey of microfinance instititutions, we describe different commitment savings products in use around the world.
Download or read book Strengthening the Economic Analysis of Natural Resource Management Projects written by Keith Ward and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of a range of natural resources projects prepared during the 1990s by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) suggests that existing practices of economic analysis tend to capture only some of the impacts that such projects typically have. Historically, project analysis at ADB and elsewhere has tended to concentrate on identifying a monetized benefit in excess of 12 percent economic internal rate of return (EIRR) from direct resource use impacts, and simply identifying and describing "nonquantifiable" impacts. With the adoption of the ADB Environment Policy and the growing recognition that it is very often the poorest who suffer most from natural resource depletion and degradation, a case is made that more analytic rigor in capturing as many as possible of the resource impacts of such projects is desirable. This report therefore suggests some specific techniques to strengthen the economic analysis of natural resources projects, including improving the application of the "benefits transfer" method, defining the spatial boundaries of project economic analysis, establishing an appropriate accounting stance for the project, establishing the project's counterfactual (i.e., without-project) situation, and including the health impacts of such projects. The use of appropriate discount rates for sensitivity analysis and for investment decision making are discussed, and guidance is given on presenting the results of a project analysis and summarizing the poverty reduction impact of natural resource management projects.
Download or read book Local Government Finance Private Resources and Local Credit Markets in Asia written by Roberto de Vera and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ongoing political decentralization in Asia, with central governments devolving to local governments the responsibilities of delivering key development projects and public services, calls for sound local government finance. Local government finance in the region exhibits several problems: deterioration of the fiscal health in many countries, mismatch between the delegated responsibilities and revenue-generating authority, resultant continued heavy reliance on central government transfers, and lack of political will to develop an external financing strategy to tap long-term private resources. In order for local governments to mobilize private savings for long-term infrastructure projects, it is imperative to develop municipal credit markets. Two models of municipal credit markets can be considered: the bank model popular in Western Europe and the bond model widely used in North America. The bond model has theoretically more advantages than the other. However, Asian local governments may start with either model considering the countries' social-cultural-political milieu and keep a proper combination of both models serving different segments of local credit markets.
Download or read book Beyond Cost Recovery written by David Donald Dole and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: References p. 26.
Download or read book Poverty Estimates in India written by Savita Sharma and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Restructuring and Regulatory Reform in the Power Sector written by Peter Choynowski and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A worldwide trend began in the 1980s in both developed & developing countries to restructure their power sectors & reform their regulatory framework. The motivation in developed countries to restructure & reform was mainly to improve sector efficiency, while in the developing countries, it was to move the sector away from reliance on scarce public resources to more private sector financing. Since the Asian Development Bank was involved in restructuring & regulatory reform in many of Asia's developing countries, this report takes stock of the progress made to date in these countries, reviews the relevant experience in some developed countries & Latin America, & identifies the key issues that could have a bearing on its operations in Asia.
Download or read book Accounting for Inequality in India written by J. Salcedo Cain and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book What Constrains Indian Manufacturing written by Poonam Gupta and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Willingness to pay and Design of Water Supply and Sanitation Projects written by Herath M. Gunatilake and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Good Practices for Estimating Reliable Willingness to pay Values in the Water Supply and Sanitation Sector written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Utility Tariff Setting for Economic Efficiency and Financial Sustainability written by Herath M. Gunatilake and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the literature on utility tariff setting with an emphasis on economic efficiency and financial sustainability. The paper first discusses the merits as well as practical limitations in applying marginal cost pricing. It then presents details on estimation of revenue requirements of utilities under two regulatory regimes : rate of return regulation; and performance-based regulation. Finally, the paper discusses how to set tariffs when an enabling environment for achieving both financial sustainability and economic efficiency is lacking. Under such circumstances, the paper argues that initial focus should be on cost recovery. As the enabling environment improves, goals of tariff setting can include broader objectives. The success of such a gradual approach depends on : (i) participatory and rigorous analytical work to assess the feasibility of the type of tariff; and (ii) policy and institutional reforms, regulatory enhancements, and performance improvements of the utility to create an enabling environment for implementing advanced types of tariffs.
Download or read book ASEAN Economic Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam written by Arsenio M. Balisacan and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-04 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viet Nam's dramatic transition and growth in the 1990s have been attributed to a series of reforms, known as "doi moi," which began in the late 1980s. Economic growth of nearly 8% yearly benefited the poor and reduced poverty from 61% in 1993 to 37% in 1998. The proportionate increases in the incomes of the poorest quintile were appreciably larger than those of the top 20 or 40% of the population. This result is at variance with typical findings for other countries, which indicate that welfare gains from growth are smallest for the lowest quintile and rise with income group. The results for Viet Nam suggest that the faster the growth rate, the lesser becomes the role of distributive factors that directly influence the poor's well-being. A print on demand report.
