Download or read book Hohokam Social Structure and Irrigation Management written by David R. Abbott and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Social Organization of Hohokam Irrigation in the Middle Gila River Valley Arizona written by M. Kyle Woodson and published by Gila River Indian Community. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The seventh volume in the Gila River Indian Community Anthropological Research Papers series by M. Kyle Woodson examines the social organization of Hohokam canal irrigation management along the middle Gila River in south-central Arizona. Anthropologists have long recognized that the users of a canal irrigation system have to coordinate and cooperate with each other in the construction, maintenance, and operation of the canal system; the allocation of water; and the resolution of conflicts that arise. An irrigation organization is a social institution that manages and assigns the roles to accomplish these tasks. Yet the social organization of irrigation management cannot be fully understood without examining the link between irrigation organizations and political institutions. Woodson s study achieves this goal by analyzing canal systems and settlement patterns at the village of Snaketown, as well as the neighboring Granite Knob, Santan, and Gila Butte canal systems and settlements during the Pioneer to Classic periods (AD 450 to 1450). With this study, Woodson returns focus to Snaketown, where Emil Haury originally defined the Hohokam cultural tradition and which has revealed yet more insights into the prehispanic world of the ancient Southwest. "
Download or read book Ceramics and Community Organization among the Hohokam written by David R. Abbott and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2016-12-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among desert farmers of the prehistoric Southwest, irrigation played a crucial role in the development of social complexity. This innovative study examines the changing relationship between irrigation and community organization among the Hohokam and shows through ceramic data how that dynamic relationship influenced sociopolitical development. David Abbott contends that reconstructions of Hohokam social patterns based solely on settlement pattern data provide limited insight into prehistoric social relationships. By analyzing ceramic exchange patterns, he provides complementary information that challenges existing models of sociopolitical organization among the Hohokam of central Arizona. Through ceramic analyses from Classic period sites such as Pueblo Grande, Abbott shows that ceramic production sources and exchange networks can be determined from the composition, surface treatment attributes, and size and shape of clay containers. The distribution networks revealed by these analyses provide evidence for community boundaries and the web of social ties within them. Abbott's meticulous research documents formerly unrecognized horizontal cohesiveness in Hohokam organizational structure and suggests how irrigation was woven into the fabric of their social evolution. By demonstrating the contribution that ceramic research can make toward resolving issues about community organization, this work expands the breadth and depth of pottery studies in the American Southwest.
Download or read book Exploring Complexity in the Past The Hohokam Water Management Simulation written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hohokam Water Management Simulation (HWM) is a computer simulation for exploring the operation of the Hohokam irrigation systems in southern Arizona. The simulation takes a middle road between two common kinds of archaeological simulation: large-scale, detailed landscape and environmental reconstructions and highly abstract hypothesis-testing simulations. Given the apparent absence in the Hohokam context of a central authority, the specific aim of the HWM is approaching the Hohokam as a complex system, using principles such as resilience, robustness, and self-organization. The Hohokam case is reviewed, and general questions concerning how the irrigation systems operated are shown to subsume multiple crosscutting and unresolved issues. Existing proposals about the relevant aspects of Hohokam society and of its larger long-term trajectory are based on widely varying short- and long-term processes that invoke different elements, draw different boundaries, and operate at different spatial and temporal scales, and many rely on information that is only incompletely available. A framework for pproaching problems of this kind is put forward. A definition of modeling is offered that specifies its epistemological foundations, permissible patterns of inference, and its role in our larger scientific process. Invoking Logical Positivism, a syntactic rather than semantic view of modeling is proposed: modeling is the construction of sets of assertions about the world and deductions that can be drawn from them. This permits a general model structure to be offered that admits hypothetical or provisional assertions and the flexible interchange of model components of varying scope and resolution. Novel goals for archaeological inquiry fall from this flexible approach; these move from specific reconstruction to a search for more universal and general dynamics. A software toolkit that embodies these principles is introduced: the Assertion-Based Computer Modeling toolkit (ABCM), which integrates simulation with the logical architecture of a relational database, and further provides an easy means for linking models of natural and social processes (including agent-based modeling). The application of this to the Hohokam context is described, and an extended example is presented that demonstrates the flexibility, utility and challenges of the approach. An attached file provides sample output.
Download or read book Expanding the View of Hohokam Platform Mounds written by Mark D. Elson and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2016-12-15 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than a hundred years, archaeologists have investigated the function of earthen platform mounds in the American Southwest. Built by the Hohokam groups between A.D. 1150 and 1350, these mounds are among the few monumental structures in the Southwest, yet their use and the nature of the groups who built them remain unresolved. Mark Elson now takes a fresh look at these monuments and sheds new light on their significance. He goes beyond previous studies by examining platform mound function and social group organization through a cross-cultural study of historic mound-using groups in the Pacific Ocean region, South America, and the southeastern United States. Using this information, he develops a number of important new generalizations about how people used mounds. Elson then applies these data to the study of a prehistoric settlement system in the eastern Tonto Basin of Arizona that contained five platform mounds. He argues that the mounds were used variously as residences and ceremonial facilities by competing descent groups and were an indication of hereditary leadership. They were important in group integration and resource management; after abandonment they served as ancestral shrines. Elson's study provides a fresh approach to an old puzzle and offers new suggestions regarding variability among Hohokam populations. Its innovative use of comparative data and analyses enriches our understanding of both Hohokam culture and other ancient societies.
Download or read book Ceramics and Community Organization Among the Hohokam written by David R. Abbott and published by . This book was released on 2000-03 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abbott (research associate, Arizona State Museum, Tucson) examines the extensive pottery remains excavated at Pueblo Grande and analyzes earlier studies of irrigation systems to create a model of Hohokam sociopolitical change and the influence upon it of hydraulic management and community structure. Production sources and exchange networks among the Hohokam are determined based on detailed analysis of the composition, surface treatment attributes, and size and shape of their ubiquitous clay containers. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book First Conference on Research and Resource Management in Southern Arizona National Park Areas written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ancient Burial Practices in the American Southwest written by Douglas R. Mitchell and published by UNM Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prehistoric burial practices provide an unparalleled opportunity for understanding and reconstructing ancient civilizations and for identifying the influences that helped shape them.
Download or read book Obsidian written by M. Steven Shackley and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2022-07-12 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obsidian was long valued by ancient peoples as a raw material for producing stone tools, and archaeologists have increasingly come to view obsidian studies as a crucial aid in understanding the past. Steven Shackley now shows how the geochemical and contextual analyses of archaeological obsidian can be applied to the interpretation of social and economic organization in the ancient Southwest. This book, the capstone of decades of investigation, integrates a wealth of obsidian research in one volume. It covers advances in analytical chemistry and field petrology that have enhanced our understanding of obsidian source heterogeneity, presents the most recent data on and interpretations of archaeological obsidian sources in the Southwest, and explores the ethnohistorical and contemporary background for obsidian use in indigenous societies. Shackley provides a thorough examination of the geological origin of obsidian in the region and the methods used to collect raw material and determine its chemical composition, and descriptions of obsidian sources throughout the Southwest. He then describes the occurrence of obsidian artifacts and shows how their geochemical fingerprints allow archaeologists to make conclusions regarding the procurement of obsidian. The book presents three groundbreaking applications of obsidian source studies. It first discusses an application to early Preceramic groups, showing how obsidian sources can reflect the range they inhabited over time as well as their social relationships during the Archaic period. It then offers an examination of the Late Classic Salado in Arizona’s Tonto Basin, where obsidian data, along with ceramic and architectural evidence, suggest that Mogollon migrants lived in economic and social harmony with the Hohokam, all the while maintaining relationships with their homeland. Finally, it provides an intensive look at social identity and gender differences in the Preclassic Hohokam of central Arizona, where obsidian source provenance and projectile point styles suggest that male Hohokam sought to create a stylistically defined identity in at least three areas of the Hohokam core area. These male “sodalities” were organized quite differently from female ceramic production groups. Today, obsidian research in the American Southwest enjoys an equal standing with ceramic, faunal, and floral studies as a method of revealing social process and change in prehistory. Shackley’s book discusses the ways in which archaeologists should approach obsidian research, no matter what the region, offering a thorough survey of archaeological obsidian studies that will have methodological and theoretical applications worldwide. The volume includes an extensive glossary created specifically for archaeologists.
Download or read book Hohokam Irrigation Communities written by Jerry B. Howard and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Environment in Anthropology written by Nora Haenn and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting ecology and current environmental studies from an anthropological point of view, this book gives readers a strong intellectual foundation as well as offering practical tools for solving environmental problems.
Download or read book Role of Social Organizers in Assisting Farmer managed Irrigation Systems written by Shaul Manor and published by IWMI. This book was released on 1990 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overview of the workshop;mobilization of the rural poor fir access to agricultural; irrigation water management in Gylepphug lift irrigationscheme; role of the institutional organizer in assisting farmers to participate in the rehabilitation of tank systems; using irrigation agency staff as institutional organizers: the small systems turnover program in Indonesia; community organizers and farmer participation: a casestudy of traditional irrigation systems in south Sumatra,Indonesia;role of the social organizers in pumped irrigation systems in Subang, west java, Indonesia; community-based irrigation management in Laos; roleof social organizers in assisting farmer-managed irrigation systems: the case of the agricultural bank of Nepal; role of social organizersin improving irrigation management: the experience in Nepal; role of social organizers: the aga khan rural support programme for irrigation infrastructure development, Gilgit; role of social organizers in communal irrigation development in the Philippines; role of the irrigation community organizers: the siwaragan experience; prospects of using social mobilizers in the management of minor irrigation systems in Sri Lanka; adjusting the process for participatory management through a teamapproach: a case study in North central Sri Lanka; role of social orgnizers in the development of small irrigation systems in Northeast Thailand by the royal irrigation department; opening active communicationbetween agency and peoples irrigation associations through the...
Download or read book Monograph written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of North American Archaeology written by Timothy R. Pauketat and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2012-02-23 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of North American Archaeology reviews the continent's first and last foragers, farmers, and great pre-Columbian civic and ceremonial centers, from Chaco Canyon to Moundville and beyond.
Download or read book Objects and Materials written by Penny Harvey and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-07-16 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is broad acceptance across the Humanities and Social Sciences that our deliberations on the social need to take place through attention to practice, to object-mediated relations, to non-human agency and to the affective dimensions of human sociality. This Companion focuses on the objects and materials found at centre stage, and asks: what matters about objects? Objects and Materials explores the field, providing succinct summary accounts of contemporary scholarship, along with a wealth of new research investigating the capacity of objects to shape, unsettle and exceed expectations. Original chapters from over forty international, interdisciplinary contributors address an array of objects and materials to ask what the terms of collaborations with objects and materials are, and to consider how these collaborations become integral to our understandings of the complex, relational dynamics that fashion social worlds. Objects and Materials will be of interest to students and scholars across the social sciences and humanities, including in sociology, social theory, science and technology studies, history, anthropology, archaeology, gender studies, women’s studies, geography, cultural studies, politics and international relations, and philosophy.
Download or read book Centuries of Decline During the Hohokam Classic Period at Pueblo Grande written by David R. Abbott and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2003-03 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents findings based on new data from major excavations in Phoenix suggesting that the Classic Period at Pueblo Grande was a time of decline for the Hohokam, marked by overpopulation, environmental degradation, resource shortage, poor health, and social disintegration.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Southwest Archaeology written by Barbara J. Mills and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 929 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume takes stock of the empirical evidence, theoretical orientations, and historical reconstructions of archaeology of the American Southwest. Themed chapters on method and theory are accompanied by comprehensive overviews of all major cultural traditions in the region, from the Paleoindians, to Chaco Canyon, to the onset of Euro-American imperialism.
