Download or read book HIV Risk Prevention and Testing Behaviors Among Men who Have Sex with Men written by Teresa J. Finlayson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Problem/Condition: Approximately 1.1 million persons in the United States are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. More than half of those infected are men who have sex with men (MSM). Reporting Period: June-December 2008. Description of System: The National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) System collects risk behavior data from three populations at high risk for HIV infection: MSM, injection-drug users, and heterosexual adults at increased risk for HIV infection. Data for NHBS are collected in rotating cycles. NHBS participants must be aged >̲18 years, live in a participating metropolitan statistical area, and be able to complete a behavioral survey in English or Spanish. Men who reported being infected with HIV or who had no male sex partners during the past 12 months were excluded from this analysis. Results: This report summarizes data gathered from 8,175 MSM during the second data collection cycle of NHBS. In addition to having at least one male sex partner, 14% of participants had at least one female sex partner during the past 12 months. Unprotected anal intercourse with a male partner was reported by 54% of the participants; 37% reported having unprotected anal sex with a main male partner (someone with whom the participant had sex and to whom he felt most committed, such as a boyfriend, spouse, significant other, or life partner), and 25% reported having unprotected anal sex with a casual male partner (someone with whom the participant had sex but with whom he did not feel committed, did not know very well, or had sex with in exchange for something such as money or drugs). Noninjection drug use during the past 12 months was reported by 46% of participants. Specifically, 38% used marijuana, 18% cocaine, 13% poppers (amyl nitrate), and 11% ecstasy. Two percent of the participants reported injecting drugs for nonmedical purposes in the past 12 months. Of the participants surveyed, 90% had been tested for HIV during their lifetime, 62% had been tested during the past 12 months, 51% had received a hepatitis vaccination, 35% had been tested for syphilis during the past 12 months, and 18% had participated in an individual- or group-level HIV behavioral intervention. Interpretation: MSM in the United States continue to engage in sexual and drug-use behaviors that increase the risk for HIV infection. Although many MSM had been tested for HIV infection, many had not received hepatitis vaccinations or syphilis testing, and only a small proportion had recently participated in a behavioral intervention. Public Health Action: To reduce HIV infection among MSM, additional effort is needed to decrease the number of men who are engaging in risk behaviors while increasing the number who recently have been tested for HIV. The National HIV/AIDS Strategy for the United States delineates a coordinated response to reduce infections and HIV-related health disparities among MSM and other disproportionately affected groups. NHBS data can be used to monitor progress toward the goals of the national strategy and to guide national and local planning efforts to maximize the impact of HIV prevention programs." - p. 1

Download or read book Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub Saharan Africa written by National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Data and Research Priorities for Arresting AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa continues to affect all facets of life throughout the subcontinent. Deaths related to AIDS have driven down the life expectancy rate of residents in Zambia, Kenya, and Uganda with far-reaching implications. This book details the current state of the AIDS epidemic in Africa and what is known about the behaviors that contribute to the transmission of the HIV infection. It lays out what research is needed and what is necessary to design more effective prevention programs.

Download or read book New International Directions in HIV Prevention for Gay and Bisexual Men written by Michael Wright and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is widely recognized that current HIV intervention models are falling short of their goals. What are the alternatives?To answer this question, New International Directions in HIV Prevention for Gay and Bisexual Men presents a collection of articles from European and American authors that rival dominant paradigms of HIV prevention. Researchers, practitioners, and community organizations will be challenged to examine current assumptions and to consider neglected aspects of risk behavior such as love, trust, and the dynamics of sexual intimacy. New International Directions in HIV Prevention for Gay and Bisexual Men explores models and theories that will help you develop more effective HIV prevention programs to better serve patients and clients.New International Directions in HIV Prevention for Gay and Bisexual Men offers you fresh perspectives on prevention work by examining risk behaviors in the interactional, communal, and social contexts in which they are practiced. You will receive alternative explanations and reasons for HIV risk that go beyond current approaches and that introduce possibilities for new intervention strategies. Written by experts in the field, the chapters in New International Directions in HIV Prevention for Gay and Bisexual Men will give you insight into new ideas and developments, including: placing a greater emphasis on improving successful risk management strategies as opposed to quantifying risk factors examining the meaning and context of sexual acts which occur in casual encounters or steady partnerships and incorporating their relevancy into prevention work considering the effects that cultural context and socially constructed meanings have on prevention work and incorporating individuals’values and feelings into prevention strategies focusing on more realistic goals of harm reduction that take sexual decision making into consideration as opposed to expecting abstinence relating the various aspects of sexual encounters--physical attraction, intimacy, reciprocity, and power--to reasons why men choose not to use condomsExamining how gay men can underestimate the risk of HIV in order to meet needs of intimacy, New International Directions in HIV Prevention for Gay and Bisexual Men will help you understand the symbolic dimension of sexual contact. The normal, everyday reasons for having sex without a condom are explored, questioning models which often characterize unprotected sex as being the result of low self-esteem, substance abuse, or some other psychological vulnerability. Presenting data from both qualitative and quantitative research conducted at group and individual levels, this book reveals the complexity of risk behavior, the richness of sexual experience, and the importance of respecting the unique context in which gay men live their sexual lives. New International Directions in HIV Prevention for Gay and Bisexual Men will help you understand this point of view, enabling you to provide patients and clients with more effective HIV prevention and risk management services.

Download or read book Risk and Protective Factors Related to HIV risk Behavior written by Jason C. Forney and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book No Turning Back written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV Risk Prevention and Testing Behaviors United States National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System written by Travis Sanchez and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "PROBLEM/CONDITION: For CDC's goal of reducing the number of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections to be achieved, data are needed to assess the prevalence of HIV-related risk behaviors at a given time, monitor trends in these behaviors, and assess the correlates of risk. These data also can be used to evaluate the extent to which current HIV-prevention programs are reaching targeted communities and direct future HIV-prevention activities to reduce HIV transmission. REPORTING PERIOD: November 2003-April 2005. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM: The National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) System collects risk behavior data from three populations at high risk for HIV infection: men who have sex with men (MSM), injection-drug users, and heterosexual adults in areas in which HIV is prevalent. Data collection began in 2003 among MSM in 17 U.S. metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), and surveys have been conducted in 25 MSAs since 2005. Participants must be aged>/= 18 years and reside in a participating MSA. RESULTS: This report summarizes data gathered during the first cycle (i.e., data collection period) of NHBS (November 2003-April 2005) from approximately 10,000 MSM. The results indicated that>90% of participants had ever been tested for HIV. Of those, 77% had been tested during the preceding 12 months. In addition to their male sex partners, 14% of participants also had at least one female sex partner during the preceding 12 months. Unprotected anal intercourse was reported by 58% with a main male partner (someone with whom the participant had sex and to whom he felt most committed [e.g., a boyfriend, spouse, significant other, or life partner]) and by 36[corrected]% with a casual male partner (someone with whom the participant had sex but who was not considered a main partner). Noninjection drugs were used by 42% of participants during the preceding 12 months; the most commonly used drugs were marijuana (77%), cocaine (37%), ecstasy (29%), poppers (28%), and stimulants (27%). A substantial proportion (80%) of participants had received free condoms during the preceding 12 months, but fewer had participated in individual- or group-level HIV prevention programs (15% and 8%, respectively). INTERPRETATION: MSM surveyed engaged in sexual and drug-use behaviors that placed them at increased risk for HIV infection. The majority of MSM surveyed had been tested for HIV infection. Although a substantial proportion of participants had received free condoms, a much smaller proportion had participated in more intensive HIV-prevention programs. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION: NHBS data are used to assess and develop effective HIV-prevention programs and services. Continued collection and reporting of NHBS data from all targeted high-risk populations is needed to monitor behavior trends and assess future HIV prevention needs in these populations. The data are used for local HIV-prevention planning and monitoring in MSAs in which NHBS is conducted."--Page 1.

Download or read book HIV and Gay Men written by Rusi Jaspal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the clinical, social and psychological aspects of HIV among gay men and examines the complex factors that can contribute to HIV risk in this key population. With the target to end all HIV transmissions in the UK by 2030 in mind, Jaspal and Bayley combine elements of HIV medicine and social psychology to identify the remaining barriers to effective HIV prevention among gay men. The authors take the reader on a journey through the history of HIV, its science and epidemiology and its future, demonstrating the vital role of history, society and psychology in understanding the trajectory of the virus. Underpinned by theories from social psychology and clinical snapshots from practice, this book considers how psychological constructs, such as identity, risk and sexuality, can impinge on physical health outcomes. This refreshing and thought-provoking text is an invaluable resource for scholars, clinicians and students working in the field of HIV.

Download or read book An Assessment of the HIV Prevention Needs of Men who Have Sex with Men in Montana written by Kelly A. Hart and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to collect information about the HIV prevention needs of men who have sex with men (MSM) living in Montana. Prevention needs were explored by identifying the environmental factors and behaviors that put MSM at risk for HIV infection, describing the demographic and contextual factors that influence those behaviors, and comparing current prevention needs to existing resources and services. To evaluate the prevention needs, primary qualitative data was collected in the form of four focus groups and nine key informant interviews. Supporting secondary quantitative and qualitative data in the form of an online survey and interviews with men on the 3down low4 were also assessed. The results of this assessment identified behaviors that contribute to HIV infection including unprotected anal intercourse, alcohol and drug use, using the Internet to find sexual partners, and hiding one's sexuality. Aspects of the environment that increase risk of HIV infection were also identified including geographic and social isolation, and communal hostility towards MSM. Factors contributing to HIV risk behaviors include depression and poor mental health, HIV testing issues, misperceptions about HIV and HIV medications, lack of social support, skills, younger age, and lack of comprehensive sex education. Finally, a number of HIV prevention needs were identified including needed resources such as more gay community centers, outreach efforts such as publicizing HIV rates in Montana and its communities, and health-related interventions such as comprehensive sex education, more support groups, and anonymous HIV testing. Other needed resources include cultural changes such as cultural competency training for individuals working with the public and greater acceptance of individuals who are two-spirit; social changes such as more MSM community and socializing events and greater political clout of the MSM community; and policy changes such as equal rights for lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals, along with greater funding for HIV testing, treatment and education. The findings from this study will be used by the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services and the Montana HIV Prevention Community Planning Group to further shape the programs and resources offered to MSM.

Download or read book HIV and Men who Have Sex with Men in Asia and the Pacific written by Roger Winder and published by Unaids Regional Support Team East and Southern Africa. This book was released on 2006 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term "men who have sex with men" - frequently shortened to MSM - describes a behaviour rather than a specific group of people. It includes self-identified gay, bisexual, transgendered or heterosexual men. Many men who have sex with men do not consider themselves gay or bisexual. They are often married, particularly where discriminatory laws or social stigma of male sexual relations exist. Largely because of the taboo, the female partners of men who have sex with men are often unaware of their partner's other liaisons, and the threat posed to themselves. Forced sex among men is not uncommon, especially in men-only environments such as prisons. Men who have sex with men are found in all societies, yet are largely invisible in many places. In terms of HIV, sex between men is significant because it can involve anal sex, which when unprotected carries a very high risk. Sex between men is thought to account for between 5 and 10% of global HIV infections, although the proportion of cases attributed to this mode of transmission varies considerably between countries. It is the predominant mode in much of the developed world. Globally less than one in twenty men who have sex with men have access to the HIV prevention and care services they need. Many factors contribute to this situation including denial by society and communities, stigma and discrimination, and human rights abuse. Vulnerability to HIV infection is increased where sex between men is criminalised, as men are either excluded from, or exclude themselves from, sexual health and welfare agencies out of fear. A range of interventions to reduce risk behaviours among men who have sex with men have proven successful, including: condom promotion, safer-sex campaigns and skills training; peer education with outreach programmes; and programmes tailored to subpopulations such as male sex workers and men in prisons. Specific policy measures are crucial for making prevention, care and support available to men who have sex with men. First and foremost, they must be included in national HIV programming and funding priorities. The governments must support organisations of men who have sex with men, enabling them to promote HIV prevention and care programmes and to participate in HIV planning and policymaking. Legislation should be changed, decriminalizing same-sex acts and providing protective laws against discrimination based on sexual orientation.

Download or read book The Global HIV Epidemics Among Men who Have Sex with Men written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Rights; Risk behavior; Cost-effectiveness; Low and middle income countries; Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Epidemic; Men who have sex with men; Attributable fraction; Intervention/Prevention; Homosexuality.

Download or read book Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Men who Have Sex with Men written by Heather Alisa Pines and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent clinical trial results suggest that new HIV prevention interventions, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis and treatment as prevention, protect against HIV infection. However, several barriers to widespread implementation of these interventions have been identified. In response to some of these challenges, many argue that new HIV prevention interventions should only be delivered to high-risk populations within integrated HIV prevention programs that consist of biomedical, behavioral, and structural interventions. In the United States, men who have sex with men (MSM) remain the most heavily HIV affected population, and thus will likely be the target of such programs. This dissertation aims to inform the development of MSM-specific HIV prevention programs by providing a better understanding of the situations in which new prevention strategies could have the greatest impact within this population. More specifically, this dissertation examines longitudinal patterns of sexual risk behavior, socio-demographic and behavioral factors associated with partnership type and serostatus, and individual-level and sexual event-level predictors of condom use during receptive anal intercourse among MSM. Chapter 2 is based on data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and demonstrates that HIV-negative MSM exhibit distinct sexual risk trajectories and that those following a high risk trajectory exhibit "seasons of risk" over time. Chapter 3 also uses data from the MACS to show that the reported number of male sexual partners is associated with partnership type and serostatus and that the magnitude and direction of this relationship differs by HIV status. Chapter 4 is based on longitudinal data from a cohort of racially/ethnically diverse HIV-negative MSM followed for one year in Los Angeles, and demonstrates that the effect of methamphetamine use on condom use during receptive anal intercourse at the sexual event-level is greatest in the context of non-main partnerships. Findings from this dissertation expand the current understanding of risk behaviors among MSM, and have implications for the development of integrated HIV prevention programs for MSM in the United States.

Download or read book Preventing HIV in Developing Countries written by Laura Gibney and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globally, action to prevent HIV spread is inadequate. Over 16,000 new infections occur every day. Yet we are not helpless in the face of disaster, as shown by the rich prevention experience analyzed in this valuable new compendium. “Best pr- tice” exists—a set of tried and tested ways of slowing the spread of HIV, of persuading and enabling people to protect themselves and others from the virus. Individually, features of best practice can be found almost everywhere. The tragedy, on a world scale, is that prevention is spotty, not comprehensive; the measures are not being applied on anywhere near the scale needed, or with the right focus or synergy. The national response may concentrate solely on sex workers, for example. Elsewhere, efforts may go into school education for the young, but ignore the risks and vulnerability of men who have sex with men. Action may be patchy geographically. AIDS prevention may not benefit from adequate commitment from all parts and sectors of society, compromising the sustainability of the response. In some countries matters are still worse—there is still hardly any action at all against AIDS and scarcely any effort to make HIV visible. It is no wonder that the epidemic is still emerging and in some places is altogether out of control.

Download or read book HIV Risk Among Men who Have Sex with Men in a Large Chinese City written by Lan Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Rethinking MSM Trans and other Categories in HIV Prevention written by Amaya G. Perez-Brumer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the HIV epidemic moves into its fourth decade, it is clear that the global response has failed to adequately address the needs of a wide range of vulnerable populations and groups. Chief among these are gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men, and transgender persons, who globally face the disproportional burden of HIV infection. This volume rethinks HIV prevention and health promotion for sexual and gender minorities – in both the industrialised societies of the West, as well as in the developing nations of the Global South. The chapters it contains offer a critical analysis of past and present HIV research employing categories to designate gay and other men who have sex with men, transgender persons, and/or other persons and communities with diverse gender and sexual identities. Contributors question the politics of many of the existing classifications and categories in HIV research and argue for a more sophisticated analysis of gender and sexual diversity in order to tackle the social and political barriers that impede the design of successful HIV prevention and health promotion approaches. This book was originally published as a special issue of Global Public Health.

Download or read book Violence Exposure and Pathways to HIV Risk Behaviors in Black and White Young Men who Have Sex with Men written by Donald R. Gerke and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HIV remains a critical public health issue facing men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States. Young MSM (YMSM) ages 13-34 years account for the greatest number of new HIV infections in MSM, with Black YMSM bearing the highest burden of disease. Sexual risk behaviors (e.g. unprotected sex) continue to be the leading transmission mode for HIV among all YMSM and studies have indicated that these behaviors are associated with a number of psychosocial and environmental factors, including adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), exposure to violence, substance use, and mental health problems. Moreover, recent studies based on the syndemic model of HIV risk have shown that exposure to violence, substance use, mental health problems may interact to increase HIV risk in vulnerable populations, including YMSM. However, the relationships among these risk factors and their association with sexual risk behaviors in YMSM are not yet fully understood. Therefore, the purpose of this cross-sectional, quantitative study was to: 1) describe the degree to which YMSM engage in HIV risk behaviors, are exposed to ACEs and other multiple forms of violence, experience mental health problems, and use substances; 2) identify the ACEs and violence exposure, substance use, and mental health problems that significantly predict HIV risk behaviors in Black and White YMSM; and 3) test the indirect (through substance use and mental health pathways) effects of violence exposure on HIV risk behaviors. Data was collected using structured computer-assisted personal interviews from a convenience sample of 168 Black (97) and White (71) YMSM recruited at AIDS service organizations that provide HIV prevention programs and testing for YMSM in the St. Louis and Kansas City metropolitan areas. The current study contributed to knowledge regarding HIV risk behaviors and related syndemic risk factors in service-using YMSM. This study was unique in the assessment of adverse childhood experiences, multiple types of violence exposure, experiences of multiple types of mental health problems, and use of multiple substances in a service-using sample of HIV-negative Black and White YMSM, the populations at highest risk for HIV infection in the US. This study found that a substantial proportion of YMSM are exposed to multiple adverse childhood experiences, intimate partner violence, and community violence, all of which were previously unexplored or understudied in YMSM. Additionally, findings from the study identified unique significant mental health and substance use predictors of unprotected anal sex and number of male sex partners for YMSM when controlling for demographic factors. Further, although relationships between adverse childhood experiences or intimate partner violence and HIV risk behaviors were not significant in multiple regression models, this study demonstrated that adverse childhood experiences and intimate partner violence indirectly affect HIV risk behaviors through polydrug use, whereby higher rates of violence exposure lead to more polydrug use, which leads to a higher rate of multiple male sex partners. The results of this study have implications for social work practice and policy changes that lead to integration of mental health and substance use screening and referral into AIDS service organization that provide HIV prevention services. Moreover, results can be used by researchers to adapt theoretical models of HIV risk and prevention for YMSM.

Download or read book Public Health and Human Rights written by Chris Beyrer and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2007-09-28 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides critical evidenced based assessements and tools with which to investigate the role of rights abrogation in the health of populations.

Download or read book Risky Sex written by Dwayne Curtis Turner and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risky Sex critiques this reasoning through an exploration of the actual lifestyles and sexual behaviors of men in this age group. Using as its base a study of the gay community of West Hollywood, California, this book profiles seven gay men who have engaged in risky sex, whether in a monogamous relationship or in other social contexts.