Download or read book HIV 1 Genetic Diversity written by Kok Keng Tee and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-06-24 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book HIV 1 Group O Genetic Diversity written by Marie Leoz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les VIH-1 de groupe 0 (VIH-1/0) sont des variants rares, essentiellement retrouvés au Cameroun où ils représenteraient plusieurs milliers de cas. Les causes de leur faible diffusion restent méconnues: leur émergence serait aussi ancienne que les VIH-1 de groupe M, pourtant devenus pandémiques. En près d'un siècle, les VIII-1/0 ont développé une importante diversité génétique, dont la description reste ambiguë du fait de l'existence de plusieurs nomenclatures basées sur un nombre restreint de séquences génétiques. Peu de données sont disponibles quant aux causes de cette diversité et à son impact sur diverses propriétés virologiques. La mutation Y181C de la Transcriptase Inverse (TI) a toutefois été proposée comme critère de classification des VIH-1/0, et suspectée de conférer un avantage réplicatif à ceux chez qui elle serait naturellement présente. Ce travail a donc constitué à caractériser plus largement la diversité génétique des vm-vo, et à explorer la dynamique de leur évolution au cours du temps à l'aide de méthodes bayésiennes. Nous avons ainsi identifié deux phases de diversification successives, liées au développement de deux sous-groupes: T, minoritaire et ayant émergé dans les années 1960, et H, majoritaire et ayant émergé du sous-groupe T dans les années 1980. La présence de la mutation 181C a été associée au sous-groupe H, ce qui a conduit à la définition de trois populations virales: H/181C-like, H/181Y-like et T/181Y-like. Une forte conservation du motif signature K28, K103, 1142, D174, L178 au niveau de la poche non catalytique de la TI des virus H/181C-like a été mise en évidence, mais aucun de ces marqueurs (présence de la mutation 181C, appartenance à la population H/181C-like ou présence du motif associé) ne semble être lié à un plus haut niveau de réplication virale in vivo. Afin de développer les connaissances sur le tropisme des VIH-110, une propriété en lien avec l'évolution 1 clinique de l'infection par VIH-11M ou VIH-2, nous avons développé un outil de phénotropisme basé sur la production de pseudovirus présentant un clone de glycoprotéine d'Enveloppe V111-1/0. Nous avons montré que les 16 Enveloppes produites n'utilisaient que le corécepteur CCR5, malgré l'exploration d'échantillons séquentiels et/ou prélevés en phase d'infection tardive. Enfin, pour permettre l'analyse des propriétés phénotypiques liées aux différentes populations VIH-1/0, nous avons participé à la production de trois nouveaux de clones moléculaires infectieux représentant deux souches H/181C-like et une souche T/181Y-like. Ces clones ont contribué à démontrer comment les VIH-1/0 contrecarraient l'action de la Tetherine et modulaient l'expression de NFKB par le biais des protéines Nef et Vpu. En conclusion, nos résultats suggèrent une dynamique d'évolution des V111-1/0 plus complexe que suspectée jusqu'alors, ayant entraîné l'émergence de deux sous-groupes distincts. Nous avons unifié les 1 différents systèmes de nomenclature, décrit des caractéristiques distinguant trois populations virales, et développé de nouveaux outils pour contribuer à une meilleure connaissance des conséquences de leur diversité génétique.
Download or read book The Evolution of HIV written by Keith A. Crandall and published by . This book was released on 1999-04-26 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "As a model for viral evolution, this book is a gold mine." -- European Molecular Biology Organization Reports
Download or read book HIV 1 Genetic Diversity Volume II written by Kok Keng Tee and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atlas of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS E Book written by Stephen A. Morse and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2010-09-17 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Atlas of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, 4th Edition, by Drs. Stephen A. Morse, King K. Holmes, Adele A. Moreland, MD, and Ronald C. Ballard, provides you with an exclusive gallery of STD and AIDS images so you can better diagnose and treat these diseases. Approximately 1,100 unique images – most in full color and 30% new to this edition – depict the clinical signs associated with each type of infection. You’ll also find expert guidance on new vaccines, screening techniques, treatment guidelines, and best practices in the field. Get expert advice on the tests available to reach a definitive diagnosis and review therapeutic options, treatment guidelines, prevention strategies, and management of complications. Access appendices on the selection and evaluation of diagnostic tests, quality control, and test technologies. Effectively diagnose all types of STDs and HIV/AIDS with approximately 1,100 images—most in full color and more than 30% new to this edition―that depict the epidemiology as well as the clinical manifestations of these diseases. Effectively utilize new vaccines for HPV and Hepatitis B, new screening tests for Chlamydia, new drugs under development, new treatment guidelines and best practices in HIV screening, and much more.
Download or read book HIV 1 Integrase written by Nouri Neamati and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-10 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively covers the mechanisms of action and inhibitor design for HIV-1 integrase. It serves as a resource for scientists facing challenging drug design issues and researchers in antiviral drug discovery. Despite numerous review articles and isolated book chapters dealing with HIV-1 integrase, there has not been a single source for those working to devise anti-AIDS drugs against this promising target. But this book fills that gap and offers a valuable introduction to the field for the interdisciplinary scientists who will need to work together to design drugs that target HIV-1 integrase.
Download or read book HIV Protocols written by Nelson Michael and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-01 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The worldwide impact of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV- is reflected in the cumulative number ofHIV- 1 infections, which is now predicted to exceed 40 million by the year 2000---equivalent to the n- ber of humans who perished in World War II. The medical and scientific - sponse to the HIV-1 pandemic has steadily grown since its recognition in 1981. The outlay by the United States alone for HIV research funded by the National Institutes of Health in 1997 was $1. 4 billion. Laboratory-based HIV research has brought together academic clinicians, retrovirologists, molecular biologists, and immunologists in the formation of research teams attempting to dissect the viral and host factors contributing to disease pathogenesis. Increasing focus is being placed on those aspects of viral biology and host immune responses that bear on the development of vaccines to prevent HIV infection. HIVProtocols reflects the state of HIV research in several ways. First, chapters are organized into four sections: Virology, Molecular Biology, Humoral Immunology, and Cellular Immunology. This organization is a natural consequence of the diverse scientific disciplines that have been attracted to HIV research. Second, the chapters reflect such diverse research directions as viral coreceptor usage, quantitation of viral genomes, HIV promoter function, B-cell epitope mapping, and measurements of T-cell function, each of which bears on the goal of understanding the viral and host immune responses that will be critical to the design of effective preventive vaccines.
Download or read book The Molecular Epidemiology of HIV 1 in Selected Risk Groups in San Francisco written by Edwin Duncan Charlebois (III.) and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of Genetic and Functional Diversity Among Natural HIV 1 Nef and Vpu Isolates written by Gisele Umviligihozo and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite over 40 years of research and clinical investigation, there is still no vaccine or cure for HIV-1. Highly effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced illness due to HIV-1 infection, but ART is still not available universally. The enormous diversity of global HIV-1 sequences poses significant challenges to understanding mechanisms of viral pathogenesis, and also to developing new vaccines or therapies. The HIV-1 accessory proteins Nef and Vpu, which enhance viral pathogenesis and immune evasion, are encoded by highly polymorphic genes, but little is known about the functional impact of natural genetic variability in these proteins on HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, although Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) harbours most HIV-1 infections globally, studies on viral subtypes prevalent in this region of the world are still limited. In this thesis, I assessed the genetic diversity and in vitro functional activity of nef and vpu sequences isolated from ART-naïve individuals living with HIV-1, including participants from SSA. In an analysis of 332 vpu sequences representing major HIV-1 group M subtypes (A, B, C and D and several unique recombinants), I observed substantial variability in CD4 and Tetherin downregulation functions among the clones and between the HIV-1 subtypes. Additionally, in an analysis of nef and vpu sequences isolated from untreated HIV-1 long term survivors (LTS) and progressors living with HIV-1 subtype A, I found that an impaired ability of nef to downregulate CD4 and HLA was associated with the LTS phenotype. Finally, in an analysis of nef sequences isolated from individuals living with untreated HIV-1 subtype A, I observed that TIM-3 upregulation function was associated with a faster rate of CD4 cell decline, suggesting a link between this Nef activity and disease progression. For each study, I also identified viral sequence polymorphisms associated with variable nef and vpu function that may inform future mechanistic studies. Overall, my thesis research provides new scientific insights into the impacts of HIV-1 nef and vpu sequence diversity on the function of these important viral accessory proteins. Potential links between these viral proteins and disease may support ongoing efforts to target nef and vpu using novel antiviral therapies and to inform the design of an HIV-1 vaccine for the African context.
Download or read book Island Epidemics written by Andrew David Cliff and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Island Epidemics, the authors show that the complex warfare of invasion and extinction observed by Darwin for plants and animals applies with equal force to human diseases. A world picture is presented of diseases, which range from the familiar (influenza and German measles) to the exotic (kuru and tsutsugamushi), and islands which range in remoteness, from the accessible United Kingdom to the inaccessible Tristan da Cunha and Easter Island.
Download or read book The Origins of AIDS written by Jacques Pépin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An updated edition of Jacques Pépin's acclaimed account of the events that transformed a chimpanzee virus into a global pandemic.
Download or read book Concepts of Biology written by Samantha Fowler and published by . This book was released on 2018-01-07 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concepts of Biology is designed for the single-semester introduction to biology course for non-science majors, which for many students is their only college-level science course. As such, this course represents an important opportunity for students to develop the necessary knowledge, tools, and skills to make informed decisions as they continue with their lives. Rather than being mired down with facts and vocabulary, the typical non-science major student needs information presented in a way that is easy to read and understand. Even more importantly, the content should be meaningful. Students do much better when they understand why biology is relevant to their everyday lives. For these reasons, Concepts of Biology is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand.We also strive to show the interconnectedness of topics within this extremely broad discipline. In order to meet the needs of today's instructors and students, we maintain the overall organization and coverage found in most syllabi for this course. A strength of Concepts of Biology is that instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Concepts of Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand--and apply--key concepts.
Download or read book The HLA FactsBook written by Steven G.E. Marsh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-12-13 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The HLA FactsBook presents up-to-date and comprehensive information on the HLA genes in a manner that is accessible to both beginner and expert alike. The focus of the book is on the polymorphic HLA genes (HLA-A, B, C, DP, DQ, and DR) that are typed for in clinical HLA laboratories. Each gene has a dedicated section in which individual entries describe the structure, functions, and population distribution of groups of related allotypes. Fourteen introductory chapters provide a beginner's guide to the basic structure, function, and genetics of the HLA genes, as well as to the nomenclature and methods used for HLA typing. This book will be an invaluable reference for researchers studying the human immune response, for clinicians and laboratory personnel involved in clinical and forensic HLA typing, and for human geneticists, population biologists, and evolutionary biologists interested in HLA genes as markers of human diversity. Introductory chapters provide good general overview of HLA field for novice immunologists and geneticists Up-to-date, complete listing of HLA alleles Invaluable reference resource for immunologists, geneticists, and cell biologists Combines both structural and functional information, which has never been compiled in a single reference book previously Serological specificity of allotypes Identity of material sequenced including ethnic origin Database accession numbers Population distribution Peptide binding specificities T cell epitopes Amino acid sequences of allotypes Key references
Download or read book Viral Sex written by Jaap Goudsmit and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1998 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Viral Sex, leading AIDS researcher Jaap Goudsmit illuminates the or igins and nature of the world's most lethal disease. He provides an ey ewitness account of sciences effort to understand and control the spre ad of this deadly virus, in a fascinating journey that reaches from th e deepest recesses of the African rainforest, to ancient Egypt and the mummified remains of Barbary apes, to pioneering research labs in the U.S. and Europe.
Download or read book Genetic Diversity of HIV written by African Services Committee and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human Retroviruses written by Bryan Cullen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to specifically cover the molecular biology of retroviruses - of immense importance since the high profile of HIV. International contributors provide detailed reviews of the latest knowledge. An excellent text for both medical and non-medical researchers, it also serves as an illuminating introduction for scientists active in other areas.
Download or read book Chimp the River How AIDS Emerged from an African Forest written by David Quammen and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2015-02-16 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this "frightening and fascinating masterpiece" (Walter Isaacson), David Quammen explores the true origins of HIV/AIDS. The real story of AIDS—how it originated with a virus in a chimpanzee, jumped to one human, and then infected more than 60 million people—is very different from what most of us think we know. Recent research has revealed dark surprises and yielded a radically new scenario of how AIDS began and spread. Excerpted and adapted from the book Spillover, with a new introduction by the author, Quammen's hair-raising investigation tracks the virus from chimp populations in the jungles of southeastern Cameroon to laboratories across the globe, as he unravels the mysteries of when, where, and under what circumstances such a consequential "spillover" can happen. An audacious search for answers amid more than a century of data, The Chimp and the River tells the haunting tale of one of the most devastating pandemics of our time.
