Download or read book American Patent Law written by Robert P. Merges and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-02-09 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Students and established scholars of intellectual property law often look for historical context when trying to understand the development and present-day contours of IP rules and systems. American Patent Law supplies this context, offering readers a comprehensive account of the evolution of the US patent system and patent doctrine beginning in 1790. From the technologies for harvesting wood and shoemaking in the earliest periods to computer software and biotechnology of the present, each chapter of the book covers the characteristic technologies of each historical era. The book also describes how businesspeople in each era acquired and enforced patents and used patents as the foundation of various business arrangements. This book is a landmark in the history of technologies, the US patent system, and the way private actors have deployed patents across American history.
Download or read book A Patent System for the 21st Century written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-10-01 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. patent system is in an accelerating race with human ingenuity and investments in innovation. In many respects the system has responded with admirable flexibility, but the strain of continual technological change and the greater importance ascribed to patents in a knowledge economy are exposing weaknesses including questionable patent quality, rising transaction costs, impediments to the dissemination of information through patents, and international inconsistencies. A panel including a mix of legal expertise, economists, technologists, and university and corporate officials recommends significant changes in the way the patent system operates. A Patent System for the 21st Century urges creation of a mechanism for post-grant challenges to newly issued patents, reinvigoration of the non-obviousness standard to quality for a patent, strengthening of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, simplified and less costly litigation, harmonization of the U.S., European, and Japanese examination process, and protection of some research from patent infringement liability.
Download or read book The Battle over Patents written by Stephen H. Haber and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-06 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of how the patent system works, imperfections and all, to incentivize innovation Do patents facilitate or frustrate innovation? Lawyers, economists, and politicians who have staked out strong positions in this debate often attempt to validate their claims by invoking the historical record--but they frequently get the history wrong. The Battle over Patents gets it right. Bringing together thoroughly researched essays from prominent historians and social scientists, this volume traces the long and contentious history of patents and examines how they have worked in practice. Editors Stephen H. Haber and Naomi R. Lamoreaux show that patent systems are the result of contending interests at different points in production chains battling over economic surplus. The larger the potential surplus, the more extreme are the efforts of contending parties-now and in the past-to search out, generate, and exploit any and all sources of friction. Patent systems, as human creations, are therefore necessarily ridden with imperfections. This volume explores these shortcomings and explains why, despite all the debate, historically US-style patent systems still dominate all other methods of encouraging inventive activity.
Download or read book Patent Politics written by Shobita Parthasarathy and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-02-21 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction -- Defining the public interest in the US and European patent systems -- Confronting the questions of life-form patentability -- Commodification, animal dignity, and patent-system publics -- Forging new patent politics through the human embryonic stem cell debates -- Human genes, plants, and the distributive implications of patents -- Conclusion
Download or read book The British Patent System and the Industrial Revolution 1700 1852 written by Sean Bottomley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-10-16 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fundamental reassessment of the contribution of patenting to British industrialisation during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Download or read book History of the Patent System written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Patents and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Patent System of the United States written by Levin H. Campbell and published by . This book was released on 1891 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Patent System Of The United States So Far As It Relates To The Granting Of Patents written by Levin H [From Old Catalog] Campbell and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Patent System of the United States offers a detailed look into the history of the U.S. patent system and the process of granting patents. Levin H. Campbell examines the legal and economic issues surrounding patents, as well as the impact of patent law on innovation and creativity. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in intellectual property law or the history of American innovation. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book The Patent System and Inventive Activity During the Industrial Revolution 1750 1852 written by H. I. Dutton and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 1984 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Innovation and Its Discontents written by Adam B. Jaffe and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-27 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States patent system has become sand rather than lubricant in the wheels of American progress. Such is the premise behind this provocative and timely book by two of the nation's leading experts on patents and economic innovation. Innovation and Its Discontents tells the story of how recent changes in patenting--an institutional process that was created to nurture innovation--have wreaked havoc on innovators, businesses, and economic productivity. Jaffe and Lerner, who have spent the past two decades studying the patent system, show how legal changes initiated in the 1980s converted the system from a stimulator of innovation to a creator of litigation and uncertainty that threatens the innovation process itself. In one telling vignette, Jaffe and Lerner cite a patent litigation campaign brought by a a semi-conductor chip designer that claims control of an entire category of computer memory chips. The firm's claims are based on a modest 15-year old invention, whose scope and influenced were broadened by secretly manipulating an industry-wide cooperative standard-setting body. Such cases are largely the result of two changes in the patent climate, Jaffe and Lerner contend. First, new laws have made it easier for businesses and inventors to secure patents on products of all kinds, and second, the laws have tilted the table to favor patent holders, no matter how tenuous their claims. After analyzing the economic incentives created by the current policies, Jaffe and Lerner suggest a three-pronged solution for restoring the patent system: create incentives to motivate parties who have information about the novelty of a patent; provide multiple levels of patent review; and replace juries with judges and special masters to preside over certain aspects of infringement cases. Well-argued and engagingly written, Innovation and Its Discontents offers a fresh approach for enhancing both the nation's creativity and its economic growth.
Download or read book Patent Law written by Daniel H. Brean and published by . This book was released on 2020-08-05 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Patent System of the United States So Far As It Relates to the Granting of Patents written by Levin H. Campbell and published by . This book was released on with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Inventing the Industrial Revolution written by Christine MacLeod and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-05-09 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the development of the English patent system and its relationship with technical change during the period between 1660 and 1800, when the patent system evolved from an instrument of royal patronage into one of commercial competition among the inventors and manufacturers of the Industrial Revolution. It analyses the legal and political framework within which patenting took place and gives an account of the motivations and fortunes of patentees, who obtained patents for a variety of purposes beyond the simple protection of an invention. It includes the first in-depth attempt to gauge the reliability of the patent statistics as a measure of inventive activity and technical change in the early part of the Industrial Revolution, and suggests that the distribution of patents is a better guide to the advance of capitalism than to the centres of inventive activity. It also queries the common assumption that the chief goal of inventors was to save labour, and examines contemporary criticism of the patent system in the light of the changing conceptualisation of invention among natural scientists and political economists.
Download or read book Patent Cultures written by Graeme Gooday and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-07-07 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores how dissimilar patent systems remain distinctive despite international efforts towards harmonization. The dominant historical account describes harmonization as ever-growing, with familiar milestones such as the Paris Convention (1883), the World Intellectual Property Organization's founding (1967), and the formation of current global institutions of patent governance. Yet throughout the modern period, countries fashioned their own mechanisms for fostering technological invention. Notwithstanding the harmonization project, diversity in patent cultures remains stubbornly persistent. No single comprehensive volume describes the comparative historical development of patent practices. Patent Cultures: Diversity and Harmonization in Historical Perspective seeks to fill this gap. Tracing national patenting from imperial expansion in the early nineteenth century to our time, this work asks fundamental questions about the limits of globalization, innovation's cultural dimension, and how historical context shapes patent policy. It is essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the contested role of patents in the modern world.
Download or read book Invented by Law written by Christopher Beauchamp and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-05 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alexander Graham Bell’s invention of the telephone in 1876 stands as one of the great touchstones of American technological achievement. Bringing a new perspective to this history, Invented by Law examines the legal battles that raged over Bell’s telephone patent, likely the most consequential patent right ever granted. To a surprising extent, Christopher Beauchamp shows, the telephone was as much a creation of American law as of scientific innovation. Beauchamp reconstructs the world of nineteenth-century patent law, replete with inventors, capitalists, and charlatans, where rival claimants and political maneuvering loomed large in the contests that erupted over new technologies. He challenges the popular myth of Bell as the telephone’s sole inventor, exposing that story’s origins in the arguments advanced by Bell’s lawyers. More than anyone else, it was the courts that anointed Bell father of the telephone, granting him a patent monopoly that decisively shaped the American telecommunications industry for a century to come. Beauchamp investigates the sources of Bell’s legal primacy in the United States, and looks across the Atlantic, to Britain, to consider how another legal system handled the same technology in very different ways. Exploring complex questions of ownership and legal power raised by the invention of important new technologies, Invented by Law recovers a forgotten history with wide relevance for today’s patent crisis.
Download or read book The Patent System of the United States So Far as It Relates to the Granting of Patents written by Levin H. Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2015-07-07 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Patent System of the United States So Far as It Relates to the Granting of Patents: A History It is the object of this little book to give a history of the United States Patent System so far as it relates to the issuing of patents. Several fragmentary accounts of the United States Patent Office have been written; but so far as can be learned, no extended and connected history of the origin and development of that part of the patent system relating to the granting of patents has ever been written. The greater portion of the matter contained in chapters II, III, IV, and V has never appeared in popular print, and was only obtained after a long and of necessity frequently interrupted search extending over a year or more and covering both papers and books published by authority of Congress and private publications contemporaneous with the periods embraced in these chapters. The chapter on the early English system is designed to open the way to a proper understanding of the beginning of the American system, and of many of its principles. It will be observed that many of the legislative enactments were simply to put into statute law practices which had been introduced by the Patent Office. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book Patent Failure written by James Bessen and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-03 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, business leaders, policymakers, and inventors have complained to the media and to Congress that today's patent system stifles innovation instead of fostering it. But like the infamous patent on the peanut butter and jelly sandwich, much of the cited evidence about the patent system is pure anecdote--making realistic policy formation difficult. Is the patent system fundamentally broken, or can it be fixed with a few modest reforms? Moving beyond rhetoric, Patent Failure provides the first authoritative and comprehensive look at the economic performance of patents in forty years. James Bessen and Michael Meurer ask whether patents work well as property rights, and, if not, what institutional and legal reforms are necessary to make the patent system more effective. Patent Failure presents a wide range of empirical evidence from history, law, and economics. The book's findings are stark and conclusive. While patents do provide incentives to invest in research, development, and commercialization, for most businesses today, patents fail to provide predictable property rights. Instead, they produce costly disputes and excessive litigation that outweigh positive incentives. Only in some sectors, such as the pharmaceutical industry, do patents act as advertised, with their benefits outweighing the related costs. By showing how the patent system has fallen short in providing predictable legal boundaries, Patent Failure serves as a call for change in institutions and laws. There are no simple solutions, but Bessen and Meurer's reform proposals need to be heard. The health and competitiveness of the nation's economy depend on it.
