Download or read book Hist ria Econ mica Do Brasil 1500 1820 written by Roberto Cochrane Simonsen and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic History of Living Standards in Brazil written by Daniel W. Franken and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-11-15 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incorporating political, economic, and environmental factors, this book explores the evolution of health and living standards in Brazil in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It draws on anthropometric data and an interdisciplinary approach to illuminate the profound socioeconomic transformations that unfolded in Brazil during this period. Through an analysis of archival military and passport records, the book reveals an increase in heights starting in the 1880s, predating the Vargas Era’s economic growth and social reforms. It also offers novel insights into Brazil’s regional development divide, showing that regional height differentials existed as early as the mid-nineteenth century (before industrialization began in earnest). Innovative methods, such as surname sorting to study immigration and merging anthropometric data with historical weather records to study the link between climate and health, are introduced. Qualitative evidence on municipal-level clean water and sewage interventions, along with data on malaria and hookworm disease, further corroborate the observed longitudinal trends and spatial patterns in stature. Scholars and students of historical anthropometrics, living standards, and Brazilian history will find this book essential, as will those with a broader interest in Latin American or economic history.
Download or read book The Portugal Trade written by H.E.S Fisher and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-05 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historians have long considered the ways in which the expansion of English trade beyond Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries contributed to the growth of English overseas trade as a whole, and to the coming of the Industrial Revolution. Their concentration on trade between England and her own colonies has led them, however, to neglect the importance of trade with the Spanish and Portuguese colonies in the Americas. Dr Fisher’s examination of Anglo-Portuguese trade between 1700 and 1770, and of the commercial links between the English North American colonies and Portugal, thus gives a wider perspective to our knowledge of the English ‘Commercial Revolution’. This study, based on a wide range of primary sources in England and Portugal, analyses the impressive growth of English trade with Portugal to 1760 and its subsequent decline in the 1760s, particular attention being given to the role of the Brazilian market and Brazilian gold-mining in these movements. The business practice of the merchants engaged in the principal constituent branches of the trade—textiles, foodstuffs, wines, and gold—is made clear and compared, while the characteristic instability of international commerce is borne out in the examination of the seasonal and yearly fluctuations which took place. On a more general level, the concluding chapter explores the relationship between the Portugal trade and the development of the English economy during this period. This book was first published in 1971.
Download or read book Mines of Silver and Gold in the Americas written by Peter Bakewell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-02-13 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on Latin America, since it was mainly there that Europeans (or their colonial descendants) actually engaged in mining in the 16th-19th centuries; elsewhere they traded metals mined by others. The principal metals produced, and in prodigious quantities, were silver, in the Spanish colonies, and gold, mainly in Brazil in the 18th century. These articles analyse the volume and pattern of production and the forms of labour found in mining. Particular attention is given to the technologies of extraction and refining, notably the adoption of the mercury amalgamation process: this had a major impact, driving down silver production costs; because the mercury mines were a royal monopoly, it also handed control to the Spanish crown.
Download or read book Colonial Slavery written by Jacob Gorender and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-02-28 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jacob Gorender's (1923–2013) 1978 book, Colonial Slavery (O Escravismo Colonial), comes alive for English language readers thanks to Bernd Reiter and Alejandro Reyes's brilliant translation. Gorender argued that slave-holding societies produced an economic system sui generis, not fitting into any of the established societal categories offered by Karl Marx and Max Weber. As such, Gorender proposed a theory of colonial slavery as the structuring force of slave-holding societies. For him, slave-holding societies are different from other societies in that slavery structured them differently. This is of the utmost relevance to this day as it allows for a new and different way to explain contemporary racial inequalities in post-slavery societies. An accomplished interpreter of Brazilian social formation, Gorender was motivated by the need to understand the historical roots of class domination and the emergence of Brazilian capitalist society. His presentation of rich historical data, rigorous theoretical and analytical framework, and militant action as an active member of the Brazilian Communist Party are the hallmarks of his writing. Colonial Slavery: An Abridged Translation is a must-read for researchers, teachers, and students of history, sociology, economics, politics, as well as activists of the Black movement and other movements committed to anti-racism.
Download or read book Economic Impacts of Immigration written by Fernando Bastos de Avila and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It amounts to a truism to say that amongst the great problems left by the Second Great War very few called for national and international planning so urgently as the problem of human migrations. During and after the conflicts a mass displacement of population was brought to be ar heavilyon the demographie situation of Western Europe. On the other hand, in the turmoil of the aftermath some western countries came to lose, one by one, their Afriean and Asiatic colonies, and were in consequence deprived of an outlet for their surplus population. The economic implications of the problem were tremendous. Where to find a remedy to such a tragie situation? I would not venture to say that large scale migrations are like ly to bring about, all by themselves, a harmonious distribution of population. It must be recognized, nevertheless, that economists and geographers alike are ready to admit that this problem, and the problem of economic pressure whieh derives therefrom, cannot be satisfactorily settled unless a weIl devised policy of regulation is set up, in order to bring all manpower available doser to the natural resources of wealth. It follows that in the present days the migration policy of any given country has to be considered in the light of international co-operation. This planetary vision of all great human problems is a welcome sign of our times.
Download or read book A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire written by Anthony R. Disney and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-13 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview and reinterpretation of Portugal's formation and history up to 1807 and of its acquisition of a wide-flung maritime empire from the early fifteenth century.
Download or read book Intra Asian Trade and Industrialization written by A.J.H. Latham and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-05-08 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under the impressive editorship of A.J.H. Latham and comprising high quality essays on a topic of rising interest to scholars and policymakers, this volume makes some valuable contributions to regional and global dynamics of trade. With contributions from leading names in the field of economic history - such as D.A. Farnie - this book will be useful reading for scholars interested in global economic history, globalization and regional trade, and Asian studies.
Download or read book A History of Brazilian Economic Thought written by Ricardo Bielschowsky and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-12-22 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of Brazilian economic thought ranging from colonial times through to the early 21st century. It explores the production of ideas on the Brazilian economy through various forms of publication and contemporary thoughts on economic contexts and development policies, all closely reflecting the evolution of economic history. After an editorial introduction, it opens with a discussion of the issue of the historical limits to and circumstances of the production of pure economic theory by Brazilian economists. The proceeding chapters follow the classical periodization of Brazilian economic history, starting with the colonial economy (up until the early 19th century) and the transition into an economy independent from Portugal (1808 through the 1830s) when formal independence took place in 1822. The third part deals with the "coffee era" (1840s to 1930s). The last part covers the "developmentalist" and "globalization" eras (1930–2010). This book is ideal for international and national scholars in social sciences, students in both undergraduate and graduate courses in economics, and any individuals interested in Brazilian economic and intellectual history.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Modern Slum written by Alan Mayne and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-08-25 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ""Slum" is among the most evocative and judgmental words of the modern world. It originated in the slang language of the world's then-largest city, London, early in the nineteenth century. Its use thereafter proliferated, and its original meanings unraveled as colonialism and urbanization transformed the world, and as prejudice against those disadvantaged by these transformations became entrenched. Cuckoo-like, "slum" overtook and transformed other local idioms: for example, bustee, favela, kampong, shack. "Slum" once justified heavy-handed redevelopment schemes that tore apart poor but viable neighborhoods. Now it underpins schemes of neighbourhood renewal that, seemingly benign in their intentions, nonetheless pay scant respect to the viewpoints of their inhabitants. This Oxford Handbook probes both present-day understandings of slums and their historical antecedents. It discusses the evolution of slum "improvement" policies globally from the early nineteenth century to the early twenty-first century. It encompasses multiple perspectives: anthropology, archaeology, architecture, geography, history, politics, sociology, urban studies and urban planning. It emphasizes the influences of gender and race inequality, and the persistence of subaltern agency notwithstanding entrenched prejudice and unsympathetically-applied institutionalized power. Uniquely, it balances contributions from scholars who deny the legitimacy of "slum" in social and policy analysis, with those who accept its relevance as a measuring stick of social disadvantage and as a vehicle for social reform. This Handbook does not simply footnote the past; it critiques conventional understandings of urban social disadvantage and reform across time and place in the modern world. It suggests pathways for future research and for alleviative reform"--
Download or read book Sugar Plantations in the Formation of Brazilian Society written by Stuart B. Schwartz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1985 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colonial Brazil was a multiracial society, profoundly influenced by slavery and the plantation system. This study examines the history of the sugar economy and the peculiar development of plantation society over a three hundred year period in Bahia, a major sugar-plantation zone and an important terminus of the Atlantic slave trade.
Download or read book Colonial Brazil written by Leslie Bethell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1987-05-07 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colonial Brazil provides a continuous history of the Portuguese Empire in Brazil from the beginnings of the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries.
Download or read book Portuguese Dutch and Chinese in Maritime Asia c 1585 1800 written by George Bryan Souza and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-10-28 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of 13 essays deals with a range of topics concerning Portuguese, Dutch and Chinese merchants, commodities and commerce in maritime Asia in the early modern period from c. 1585-1800. They are based on exhaustive research and careful analysis of diverse sets of archival materials found around the globe. Written by a leading authority on global maritime economic history and the history of European Expansion, each individual essay addresses a topic of fundamental importance to those interested in knowing more about what merchants did (with which resources and under what conditions) and how they did it, what were the commodities that were incorporated into local, regional, intra-regional and global economies, and what was the role and function of early modern maritime trade and commerce in economic development in general and especially in Asia in the early modern era, from c. 1585-1800. A number of them, in particular, relate the individual or collective merchant experience to specific European (Portuguese and Dutch) imperial projects and their contestation amongst themselves and their indigenous neighbours over portions of the period. Collectively, they form an exposition of a utilitarian view of human activity under a wide-ranging different set of circumstances and conditions but with similar patterns of behaviors and responses that are largely independent from ethnic, racial or religious stereotyping. The work therefore should raise new issues and avenues of research concerning these agents and objects in European Expansion, Asian and Global History.
Download or read book Disappearance of the Dowry written by Muriel Nazzari and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1991-10-01 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why did a practice that had been considered a duty stop being a duty, or, conversely, why did daughters lose the right they had previously enjoyed of receiving from their parents the wherewithal to contribute to the support of their marriage? Despite the many historical and anthropological studies about dowry, to the best of my knowledge this is the first analysis of its disappearance. My hypothesis at a general level is that the institution of dowry was among the many fetters to the development of capitalism, such as entail, monopolies, and the privileges of the nobility, of churchmen, and of army officers, that disappeared as the influence of industrial capital spread worldwide. Yet entail, monopolies, and privileges were abolished legally, whereas the dowry was not abolished legally, it disappeared in practice. Thus the question remains: what led individual families to change their customs regarding dowry? And they changed remarkably. I found that, in the seventeenth century, practically all propertied families in São Paulo endowed every one of their daughters, favoring them by giving dowries far exceeding the value of what their brothers would inherit later on. By the early nineteenth century, in contrast, long before the custom of dowry had disappeared, less than a third of the propertied families in São Paulo were endowing their daughters, and those who did gave comparatively smaller dowries, with a very different content, while some families endowed only one or two of several daughters. How to explain this transformation in customs? I will argue throughout this book that the practice of dowry altered because of changes in society, the family, and marriage. Since dowry is a transfer of property between family members, changes in the concept of property, in the way property is acquired and held, or in business practices are relevant to an understanding of change in the institution of dowry, as are changes in the function of the family in society, the way it is integrated into production, and how it supports its members. The changes experienced by Brazilian society that help explain the decline and disappearance of the dowry are many of the same transformations that have been observed in more central regions of the Western world. Through a long process that started in the eighteenth century and continued into the early twentieth century, Brazil changed from a hierarchical, ancien régime type of society in which status, family, and patron-client relations were primary to a more individualistic society in which contract and the market increasingly reigned. A society divided vertically into family clans changed gradually into a society divided horizontally into classes. As the state grew stronger, it took over functions previously performed by the family, which in seventeenth-century São Paulo's frontier society had included municipal government and defense. Between the seventeenth and the late nineteenth centuries, a new concept of private property developed. The family changed from being the locus of both production and consumption to being principally the locus of consumption, while "family" and "business" became formally separate. The power of the larger kin declined and the conjugal family became more important, and marriage was transformed from predominantly a property matter to an avowed "love" relationship, the economic underpinnings of which were no longer made explicit. At the same time there was a change from the strong authority of the patriarch over adult sons and daughters to their greater independence, and from arranged marriages to marriages freely chosen by the bride and groom. These transformations took place in Brazil starting in the eighteenth century and continuing throughout the nineteenth century in a gradual and complex manner so that both old and new characteristics often coexisted at a given time, sometimes even within the same family. As these changes occurred, the
Download or read book Crafting the Third World written by Joseph LeRoy Love and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This innovative study compares the history of economic ideas and ideologies in Romania and Brazil - and more broadly, those in East Central Europe and Latin America - in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Whereas previous histories of the idea of economic development have focused on 'First World' theorists, this book considers theorists in two 'backward' countries who made important contributions to the field. Latin America is well known to economic historians as the region that gave rise to the Structuralist school and Dependency movement. Less well known is the fact that East Central Europe is important as the early training ground and the empirical concern of the first generation of development economists. This comparative study examines the ways in which economists and other social scientists in Romania and Brazil confronted the issues of economic backwardness.
Download or read book Brazil and the World System written by Richard Graham and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2014-11-07 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Has the world economy shaped and defined Brazil’s economic and political history and, if so, to what extent? Is Brazil’s past to be explained principally by its insertion in a single world capitalist system? The authors of the three essays in this volume reflect critically on these questions along with the following: Should the determining factors be understood as sociological-cultural (as in a heritage of patrimonial rule) or were they based on material reality? What was the connection between the presence of slavery in the Americas and the emergence of capitalism in Europe? What accounts for Brazil’s centuries-long reliance on exports and the slow development of its industry? The chapters in this book draw contrasting judgments on virtually every major issue in Brazilian history because they begin from divergent premises. In arguing their cause, noted scholars John R. Hall, Fernando A. Novais, and Luís Carlos Soares provide a formidable intellectual point and counterpoint whose theoretical assumptions bear heavily on all social scientists engaged in exploring colonialism, imperialism, capitalism, dependency, and relative international poverty. Brazil and the World System provides provocative insights not only about Brazil but also about the nature of colonialism in general and its relationship to the rise of capitalism in Europe. It should appeal to Latin Americanists of all disciplinary persuasions as well as to general readers curious about great patterns of change in history. Stuart Schwartz, director of the Center for Early Modern History at the University of Minnesota, says, “ . . . an excellent collection . . . North American scholarship will find these essays an eye-opener.
Download or read book A Confluence of Transatlantic Networks written by Laura Jarnagin and published by University of Alabama Press. This book was released on 2014-04 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the qualitative nature of capitalism’s processes through the lens of social networks A Confluence of Transatlantic Network demonstrates how portions of interconnected trust-based kinship, business, and ideational transatlantic networks evolved over roughly a century and a half and eventually converged to engender, promote, and facilitate the migration of southern elites to Brazil in the post–Civil War era. Placing that migration in the context of the Atlantic world sharpens our understanding of the transborder dynamic of such mainstream nineteenth-century historical currents as international commerce, liberalism, Protestantism, and Freemasonry. The manifestation of these transatlantic forces as found in Brazil at midcentury provided disaffected Confederates with a propitious environment in which to try to re-create a cherished lifestyle.
