Download or read book Histoire des sciences et des savoirs t 3 Le si cle des technosciences written by Collectif and published by Média Diffusion. This book was released on 2015-10-15T00:00:00+02:00 with total page 747 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Une ambitieuse Histoire des sciences et des savoirs, transnationale, en trois tomes, illustrée, sous la direction de Dominique Pestre Du pouvoir de l'atome au consumérisme high-tech, de la guerre à la médecine et à l'agriculture, du pilotage de l'innovation et la gestion du social à la surveillance du climat, rares sont les fragments de notre réalité qui n'ont pas été transformés par les sciences, les techniques et les savoirs au cours du XXe siècle. Ce troisième tome de cette Histoire des sciences et des savoirs nous fait entrer dans les coulisses des mondes universitaires, administratifs et économiques. Il explore la fabrique des savoirs, éclaire leur mise en économie, la manière dont les questions sanitaires et écologiques sont gérées, comme la diversité des connaissances produites par les amateurs, les associations et les think tanks. Un tome novateur écrit par les meilleurs spécialistes et qui donne toute la mesure des sciences et des savoirs dans notre monde contemporain – pour le meilleur... et pour le pire. Dominique Pestre est directeur d'études à l'EHESS, au Centre Alexandre Koyré. Après avoir travaillé sur l'histoire de la physique et les relations entre sciences et guerre, il s'intéresse aux transformations des régimes de savoirs et à une réflexion historiographique et théorique sur l'étude des sciences en société. Il a récemment publié À contre-science (Seuil, 2013). Christophe Bonneuil est chargé de recherche au CNRS, au Centre Alexandre Koyré. Il s'intéresse aux transformations conjointes des savoirs biologiques et des formes de gouvernement de la nature et de l'agriculture. Il a récemment publié L'Évènement Anthropocène (Seuil, 2013, avec J.-B. Fressoz). Avec les contributions de M. Armatte, C. Bigg, C. Bonneuil, S. Boudia, C. Cao, A. Dahan, D. Edgerton, P.N. Edwards, S. Franklin, D. Gardey, J.-P. Gaudillière, N. Jas, C. Lécuyer, J.-M. Lévy-Leblond, V. Lipphardt, Y. Mahrane, T. Mitchell, L. Nash, D. Pestre, A. Rasmussen, J. Revel, S. Schweber, S. Shapin, T. Shenk, S. Visvanathan
Download or read book Histoire des sciences et des savoirs written by Christophe Bonneuil and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Beyond Bakelite written by Joris Mercelis and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2020-03-24 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The changing relationships between science and industry in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, illustrated by the career of the “father of plastics.” The Belgian-born American chemist, inventor, and entrepreneur Leo Baekeland (1863–1944) is best known for his invention of the first synthetic plastic—his near-namesake Bakelite—which had applications ranging from electrical insulators to Art Deco jewelry. Toward the end of his career, Baekeland was called the “father of plastics”—given credit for the establishment of a sector to which many other researchers, inventors, and firms inside and outside the United States had also made significant contributions. In Beyond Bakelite, Joris Mercelis examines Baekeland's career, using it as a lens through which to view the changing relationships between science and industry on both sides of the Atlantic in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He gives special attention to the intellectual property strategies and scientific entrepreneurship of the period, making clear their relevance to contemporary concerns. Mercelis describes the growth of what he terms the “science-industry nexus” and the developing interdependence of science and industry. After examining Baekeland's emergence as a pragmatic innovator and leader in scientific circles, Mercelis analyzes Baekeland's international and domestic IP strategies and his efforts to reform the US patent system; his dual roles as scientist and industrialist; the importance of theoretical knowledge to the science-industry nexus; and the American Bakelite companies' research and development practices, technically oriented sales approach, and remuneration schemes. Mercelis argues that the expansion and transformation of the science-industry nexus shaped the careers and legacies of Baekeland and many of his contemporaries.
Download or read book Community and Identity in Contemporary Technosciences written by Karen Kastenhofer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-22 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access edited book provides new thinking on scientific identity formation. It thoroughly interrogates the concepts of community and identity, including both historical and contemporaneous analyses of several scientific fields. Chapters examine whether, and how, today’s scientific identities and communities are subject to fundamental changes, reacting to tangible shifts in research funding as well as more intangible transformations in our society’s understanding and expectations of technoscience. In so doing, this book reinvigorates the concept of scientific community. Readers will discover empirical analyses of newly emerging fields such as synthetic biology, systems biology and nanotechnology, and accounts of the evolution of theoretical conceptions of scientific identity and community. With inspiring examples of technoscientific identity work and community constellations, along with thought-provoking hypotheses and discussion, the work has a broad appeal. Those involved in science governance will benefit particularly from this book, and it has much to offer those in scholarly fields including sociology of science, science studies, philosophy of science and history of science, as well as teachers of science and scientists themselves.
Download or read book The Contamination of the Earth written by Francois Jarrige and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-11-16 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The trajectories of pollution in global capitalism, from the toxic waste of early tanneries to the poisonous effects of pesticides in the twentieth century. Through the centuries, the march of economic progress has been accompanied by the spread of industrial pollution. As our capacities for production and our aptitude for consumption have increased, so have their byproducts--chemical contamination from fertilizers and pesticides, diesel emissions, oil spills, a vast "plastic continent" found floating in the ocean. The Contamination of the Earth offers a social and political history of industrial pollution, mapping its trajectories over three centuries, from the toxic wastes of early tanneries to the fossil fuel energy regime of the twentieth century.
Download or read book The Cambridge History of Science Volume 8 Modern Science in National Transnational and Global Context written by Hugh Richard Slotten and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 1046 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume in the highly respected Cambridge History of Science series is devoted to exploring the history of modern science using national, transnational, and global frames of reference. Organized by topic and culture, its essays by distinguished scholars offer the most comprehensive and up-to-date nondisciplinary history of modern science currently available. Essays are grouped together in separate sections that represent larger regions: Europe, Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, East and Southeast Asia, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Oceania, and Latin America. Each of these regional groupings ends with a separate essay reflecting on the analysis in the preceding chapters. Intended to provide a balanced and inclusive treatment of the modern world, contributors analyze the history of science not only in local, national, and regional contexts but also with respect to the circulation of knowledge, tools, methods, people, and artifacts across national borders.
Download or read book Discourses and Counter discourses on Europe written by Manuela Ceretta and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-01-12 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Union plays an increasingly central role in global relations from migration to trade to institutional financial solvency. The formation and continuation of these relations – their narratives and discourses - are rooted in social, political, and economic historical relations emerging at the founding of European states and then substantially augmented in the Post-WWII era. Any rethinking of our European narratives requires a contextualized analysis of the formation of hegemonic discourses. The book contributes to the ongoing process of "rethinking" the European project, identity, and institutions, brought about by the end of the Cold war and the current economic and political crisis. Starting from the principle that the present European crisis goes hand in hand with the crisis of its hegemonic discourse, the aim of the volume is to rescue the complexity, the richness, the ambiguity of the discourses on Europe as opposed to the present simplification. The multidisciplinary approach and the long-term perspective permits illuminating scope over multiple discourses, historical periods, and different "languages", including that of the European institutions. This text will be of key interest to scholars and students of European Union politics, European integration, European History, and more broadly international relations.
Download or read book Science Technology and Innovation Culture written by Marianne Chouteau and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-12-18 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are facing unprecedented challenges today. For many of us, innovation would be our last hope. But how can it be done? Is it enough to bet on the scientific culture? How can technical culture contribute to innovation? How is technical culture situated with regards to what we name collectively the culture of innovation? It is these questions that this book intends to address.
Download or read book Nature Remade written by Luis A. Campos and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2021-07-16 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Engineering” has firmly taken root in the entangled bank of biology even as proposals to remake the living world have sent tendrils in every direction, and at every scale. Nature Remade explores these complex prospects from a resolutely historical approach, tracing cases across the decades of the long twentieth century. These essays span the many levels at which life has been engineered: molecule, cell, organism, population, ecosystem, and planet. From the cloning of agricultural crops and the artificial feeding of silkworms to biomimicry, genetic engineering, and terraforming, Nature Remade affirms the centrality of engineering in its various forms for understanding and imagining modern life. Organized around three themes—control and reproduction, knowing as making, and envisioning—the chapters in Nature Remade chart different means, scales, and consequences of intervening and reimagining nature.
Download or read book Facing Gaia written by Bruno Latour and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-09-05 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of modern sciences in the seventeenth century profoundly renewed our understanding of nature. For the last three centuries new ideas of nature have been continually developed by theology, politics, economics, and science, especially the sciences of the material world. The situation is even more unstable today, now that we have entered an ecological mutation of unprecedented scale. Some call it the Anthropocene, but it is best described as a new climatic regime. And a new regime it certainly is, since the many unexpected connections between human activity and the natural world oblige every one of us to reopen the earlier notions of nature and redistribute what had been packed inside. So the question now arises: what will replace the old ways of looking at nature? This book explores a potential candidate proposed by James Lovelock when he chose the name 'Gaia' for the fragile, complex system through which living phenomena modify the Earth. The fact that he was immediately misunderstood proves simply that his readers have tried to fit this new notion into an older frame, transforming Gaia into a single organism, a kind of giant thermostat, some sort of New Age goddess, or even divine Providence. In this series of lectures on 'natural religion,' Bruno Latour argues that the complex and ambiguous figure of Gaia offers, on the contrary, an ideal way to disentangle the ethical, political, theological, and scientific aspects of the now obsolete notion of nature. He lays the groundwork for a future collaboration among scientists, theologians, activists, and artists as they, and we, begin to adjust to the new climatic regime.
Download or read book Histoire des sciences et des savoirs t 1 written by Collectif and published by Média Diffusion. This book was released on 2015-10-15T00:00:00+02:00 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Une ambitieuse Histoire des sciences et des savoirs, transnationale, en trois tomes, illustrée, sous la direction de Dominique Pestre Savants, médecins, administrateurs, artisans et amateurs composent le monde des sciences à l'époque moderne. Des mathématiques mixtes au triomphe de l'histoire naturelle, de la cartographie à la question des races, de la philosophie naturelle à l'économie politique, et des jardins botaniques aux théâtres d'anatomie, les circulations sont nombreuses qui nous permettent d'enrichir les histoires disciplinaires. Mais cet ancien régime des sciences et des savoirs ne se limite pas à l'Europe, il s'embarque avec les marins, les marchands et les missionnaires, dans l'océan Indien, au Mexique, en Chine – à la conquête du monde. Premier tome d'une ambitieuse Histoire des sciences et des savoirs depuis la Renaissance, cet ouvrage, écrit par les meilleurs spécialistes, propose une autre lecture du lien entre sciences et première modernité. En suivant les savants au travail, il nous permet aussi d'en finir avec les représentations trop classiques de la " révolution scientifique ". Stéphane Van Damme est professeur d'histoire des sciences au département d'Histoire et civilisation à l'Institut universitaire européen (Florence). Ses recherches portent sur le rôle des savoirs scientifiques dans la culture européenne entre 1650 et 1850. Il a récemment publié À toutes voiles vers la vérité. Une autre histoire de la philosophie au temps des Lumières (Seuil, 2014). Avec les contributions de R. Bertrand, J.-M. Besse, M.-N. Bourguet, P. Brioist, L. Daston, P. Dear, N. Dew, M.P. Donato, L. Hilaire-Pérez, I. Laboulais, P.-Y. Lacour, R. Mandressi, N. Muchnik, G. Quenet, F. Regourd, A. Romano, N. Safier, J.-F. Schaub, S. Sebastiani, J.B. Shank, M. Thébaud-Sorger, J. Waley-Cohen
Download or read book The Interwar World written by Andrew Denning and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-08-29 with total page 735 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Interwar World collects an international group of over 50 contributors to discuss, analyze, and interpret this crucial period in twentieth-century history. A comprehensive understanding of the interwar era has been limited by Euro-American approaches and strict adherence to the temporal limits of the world wars. The volume’s contributors challenge the era’s accepted temporal and geographic framings by privileging global processes and interactions. Each contribution takes a global, thematic approach, integrating world regions into a shared narrative. Three central questions frame the chapters. First, when was the interwar? Viewed globally, the years 1918 and 1939 are arbitrary limits, and the volume explicitly engages with the artificiality of the temporal framework while closely examining the specific dynamics of the 1920s and 1930s. Second, where was the interwar? Contributors use global history methodologies and training in varied world regions to decenter Euro-American frameworks, engaging directly with the usefulness of the interwar as both an era and an analytical category. Third, how global was the interwar? Authors trace accelerating connections in areas such as public health and mass culture counterbalanced by processes of economic protectionism, exclusive nationalism, and limits to migration. By approaching the era thematically, the volume disaggregates and interrogates the meaning of the ‘global’ in this era. As a comprehensive guide, this volume offers overviews of key themes of the interwar period for undergraduates, while offering up-to-date historiographical insights for postgraduates and scholars interested in this pivotal period in global history.
Download or read book Risk on the Table written by Angela N. H. Creager and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2021-01-15 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last century, the industrialization of agriculture and processing technologies have made food abundant and relatively inexpensive for much of the world’s population. Simultaneously, pesticides, nitrates, and other technological innovations intended to improve the food supply’s productivity and safety have generated new, often poorly understood risks for consumers and the environment. From the proliferation of synthetic additives to the threat posed by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the chapters in Risk on the Table zero in on key historical cases in North America and Europe that illuminate the history of food safety, highlighting the powerful tensions that exists among scientific understandings of risk, policymakers’ decisions, and cultural notions of “pure” food.
Download or read book Conflict of Interest and Medicine written by Boris Hauray and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-06 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the context of a growing criticism on the influence of the pharmaceutical industry on physicians, scientists, or politicians, Conflict of Interest and Medicine offers a comprehensive analysis of the conflict of interest in medicine anchored in the social sciences, with perspectives from sociology, history, political science, and law. Based on in-depth empirical investigations conducted within different territories (France, the European Union, and the United States) the contributions analyze the development of conflict of interest as a social issue and how it impacts the production of medical knowledge and expertise, physicians’ work and their prescriptions, and also the framing of health crises and controversies. In doing so, they bring a new understanding of the transformations in the political economy of pharmaceutical knowledge, the politicization of public health risks, and the promotion of transparency in science and public life. Complementing the more normative and quantitative understandings of conflict of interest issues that dominate today, this book will be of interest to researchers in a broad range of areas including social studies of sciences and technology, sociology of health and illness, and political sociology and ethics. It will be also a valuable resource for health professionals, medical scientists, or regulators facing the question of corporate influence.
Download or read book Histoire des sciences et des savoirs t 2 Modernit et globalisation written by Collectif and published by Média Diffusion. This book was released on 2015-10-15T00:00:00+02:00 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Une ambitieuse Histoire des sciences et des savoirs, transnationale, en trois tomes, illustrée, sous la direction de Dominique Pestre Se donnant comme " la Modernité ", les années 1770 à 1914 sont le temps de l'industrialisation et de l'expansion impériale et coloniale. La science est victorieuse, la technique est reine, la Terre est quadrillée et mesurée, les populations sont mises en nombres, les races sont cartographiées. Laboratoires, universités et musées se répandent à l'échelle planétaire. Réunissant les contributions de spécialistes des quatre coins du monde, ce deuxième tome de l' Histoire des sciences et des savoirs nous parle des sciences physiques et mathématiques, des sciences et savoirs en Inde, de la révolution Meiji et du " provincialisme " colonial des sciences américaines. Il raconte aussi l'avènement des microbes et leur impact sur les sociétés, l'engouement populaire pour les expositions universelles et, déjà, les inquiétudes des contemporains pour la détérioration du climat. Il Un livre concret qui brosse un XIXe siècle fascinant et... inquiétant. Kapil Raj est directeur d'études à l'EHESS, historien des interactions culturelles entre Européens et Asiatiques dans le domaine des savoirs et des sciences. Il a publié Relocating Modern Science : Circulation and the Construction of Knowledge in South Asia and Europe, 1650-1900 (2007). Otto Sibum est professeur d'histoire des sciences à l'université d'Uppsala. Il a codirigé avec David Aubin et Charlotte Bigg, The Heavens on Earth, Observatories and Astronomy in Nineteenth Century Science and Culture (2010). Avec les contributions de A. Alexander, D. Aubin, L. Berlivet, J.E. Chaplin, B. Douglas, W. Feuerhahn, J.-B. Fressoz, S. Höhler, K. Ito, M.R. Levin, F. Locher, I. Löwy, S. Müller-Wille, J.V. Pickstone, K. Raj, S. Schaffer, N. Schlanger, H.O. Sibum, J. Tresch, M.N. Wise
Download or read book Theology and the University written by Fáinche Ryan and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-04-01 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theology and the University presents a compelling argument as to why theology still matters. It considers how theology has been marginalised in the academy and in public life, arguing that doing so has serious repercussions for the integrity of the academic study of religion. The chapters in this book demonstrate how theology, as the only discipline which represents religion from within, provides insight into aspects of religion which are hidden from the social sciences. Against a backdrop of heated debates on the role of the humanities in the university, the book highlights the specific contribution of theological education and research to the work of a university, providing essential information for academic and social/political decision-making. Whilst the book has an emphasis on the Catholic tradition, it explores the prospect of fruitful complementarity and interdisciplinarity both with secularised studies of religion, and other disciplines in the university, such as literature, philosophy, and the social sciences. This book provides orientation for decision-makers, particularly those concerned with the broader question of humanities in the university; students in their choice of study; those interested in the wellbeing of today’s universities; and ecclesial authorities seeking to form leaders capable of intelligent responses to the issues of contemporary society. It is a must read for all researchers of theology, as well as anyone interested in the role of the humanities more broadly.
Download or read book Innovation Beyond Technology written by Sébastien Lechevalier and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-02 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major purpose of this book is to clarify the importance of non-technological factors in innovation to cope with contemporary complex societal issues while critically reconsidering the relations between science, technology, innovation (STI), and society. For a few decades now, innovation—mainly derived from technological advancement—has been considered a driving force of economic and societal development and prosperity. With that in mind, the following questions are dealt with in this book: What are the non-technological sources of innovation? What can the progress of STI bring to humankind? What roles will society be expected to play in the new model of innovation? The authors argue that the majority of so-called technological innovations are actually socio-technical innovations, requiring huge resources for financing activities, adapting regulations, designing adequate policy frames, and shaping new uses and new users while having the appropriate interaction with society. This book gathers multi- and trans-disciplinary approaches in innovation that go beyond technology and take into account the inter-relations with social and human phenomena. Illustrated by carefully chosen examples and based on broad and well-informed analyses, it is highly recommended to readers who seek an in-depth and up-to-date integrated overview of innovation in its non-technological dimensions.
