Download or read book High Pressure Liquid Chromatography for the Measurement of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water written by R. Kent Sorrell and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Chromatography written by Hamir S. Rathore and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-05-27 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Chromatography provides a detailed description of significant aspects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The sources, occurrence, nomenclature, and carcinogenicity of PAHs are covered, and a comprehensive record of data of sample preparation, detection, separation, determination, and characterization of PAHs by liquid chromatography is presented. The book also summarizes extraction and enrichment procedures (e.g., Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction, liquid-liquid partitioning); presents data from paper chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, high-performance thin-layer chromatography, and electrophoresis of PAHs; and discusses the methodology and applications of extrography in analyzing complex aromatic materials. Handbook of Chromatography also provides a PAHs book directory and a list of suppliers of PAHs and HPLC columns. The volume will be an essential reference for analytical chemists, environmental toxicologists, organic chemists, biomedical specialists, and biotechnicians.
Download or read book A Method of Analysis for Selected Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Distributed Waters Using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography written by R. Kent Sorrel and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Samples by Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography written by Ruchaya Boonyatumanond and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods of Analysis by the U S Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory written by Mary C. Olson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determination of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Delaware River Sediments by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography written by Nancy Ellen Spence and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Method Development and Monitoring of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Selected U S Waters written by Jitendra Saxena and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Separation and Determination of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons by High performance Liquid Chromatography written by British Carbonization Research Association and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High performance Liquid chromatographic Method for the Analysis of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water written by William R. White and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Performance Liquid Chromatography written by William John Sonnefeld and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water by Sep pak Cartridges Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography written by Roger D. Sinram and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Separation and Determination of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons by High performance Liquid Chromatography written by British Carbonization Research Association and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book PAHs written by Peter E. T. Douben and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-07-25 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), or polyarenes, are one of the largest and most structurally diverse class of organic molecules known. High percentages of polyarenes, representing a wide range of molecular sizes and structural types, are present in coal tars and petroleum residues. The major sources of PAHs are crude oil, coal and oil shale. The fuels produced from these fossil sources constitute the primary source of energy for the industrial nations of the world, and the petrochemicals from these raw materials are the basis of the synthetic fibre and plastics industries. PAHs are however, widespread pollutants and their impact on the environment and human health must be monitored and controlled. This book will review and assess our scientific understanding of the ecological exposure and effects PAHs have in different environments and habitats. It will accomplish this by taking the recipients of the pollution in the environment as starting points and working its way back through pathways to access what is required for our understanding of effects and rationale for control. Although this book will concentrate on ecological exposure of PAHs, the general impacts of PAHs on human populations will be touched upon. It is thought to be the first book to focus on the ecological aspects of PAHs.
Download or read book Novel Improvements on the Analytical Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Metabolites written by Wang Huiyong and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are important environmental pollutants originating from a wide variety of natural and anthropogenic sources. Because many of them are highly suspect as etiological agents in human cancer, chemical analysis of PAH is of great environmental and toxicological importance. Current methodology for PAH follows the classical pattern of sample preparation and chromatographic analysis. Sample preparation pre-concentrates PAH, simplifies matrix composition, and facilitates analytical resolution in the chromatographic column. Among the several approaches that exist to pre-concentrate PAH from water samples, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends the use of solid-phase extraction (SPE). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are the basis for standard PAH identification and determination. Ultraviolet (UV) absorption and room temperature fluorescence detection are both widely used in HPLC, but the specificity of these detectors is modest. Since PAH identification is solely based on retention times, unambiguous PAH identification requires complete chromatographic resolution of sample components. When HPLC is applied to "unfamiliar" samples, the EPA recommends that a supporting analytical technique such as GC-MS be applied to verify compound identification and to check peak-purity HPLC fractions. Independent of the volume of extracted water, the approximate time required to separate and determine the sixteen "priority pollutants" (EPA-PAH) via HPLC is approximately 60min. If additional GC-MS analysis is required for unambiguous PAH determination, the total analysis time will reach 2-3 hours per sample. If the concentrations of target species are found to lie outside the detector's response range, the sample must be diluted and the process repeated. These are important considerations when routine analysis of numerous samples is contemplated. Parent PAH are relatively inert and need metabolic activation to express their carcinogenicity. By virtue of the rich heterogeneous distribution of metabolic products they produce, PAH provide a full spectrum of the complexity associated with understanding the initial phase of carcinogenesis. PAH metabolites include a variety of products such as expoxides, hydroxyl aromatics, quinines, dihydrodiols, dioepoxides, tetrols and water soluble conjugates. During the past decades tremendous efforts have been made to develop bio-analytical techniques that possess the selectivity and sensitivity for the problem at hand. Depending on the complexity of the sample and the relative concentrations of the targeted metabolites, a combination of sample preparation techniques is often necessary to reach the limits of detection of the instrumental method of analysis. The numerous preparation steps open ample opportunity to metabolite loss and collection of inaccurate data. Separation of metabolites has been accomplished via HPLC, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and GC-MS. Unfortunately, the existence of chemically related metabolic products with virtually identical fragmentation patterns often challenges the specificity of these techniques. This dissertation presents significant improvements in various fronts. Its first original component--which we have named solid-phase nano-extraction (SPNE)--deals with the use of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as extracting material for PAH. The advantages of SPNE are demonstrated for the analysis of PAH in water samples via both HPLC and Laser-Excited Time-Resolved Shpol'skii Spectroscopy (LETRSS). The same concept is then extended to the analysis of monohydroxy-PAH in urine samples via SPE- HPLC and In-Capillary SPNE-CE. The second original component of this dissertation describes the application of Shpol'skii Spectroscopy to the analysis of polar PAH metabolites. The outstanding selectivity and sensitivity for the direct analysis of PAH at trace concentration levels has made Shpol'skii spectroscopy a leading technique in environmental analysis. Unfortunately, the requirement of a specific guest-host combination--typically a non-polar PAH dissolved in an n-alkane-- has hindered its widespread application to the field of analytical chemistry. This dissertation takes the first steps in removing this limitation demonstrating its feasibility for the analysis of polar benzopyrene metabolites in alcohol matrixes.
Download or read book Determination of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Refinery Water Streams written by A. Macaluso and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A procedure has been developed for the analysis of polynuclear aromatic (PAH) hydrocarbons in water samples at levels of 1 ?g/litre (parts per billion). The method has been successfully applied to field samples and consists of (1) extracting a neutral fraction from water using methylene chloride, (2) concentrating the extract in a Kuderna-Danish evaporative concentrator, (3) isolation of a PAH fraction by thin-layer chromatography, and (4) quantitative analysis of individual compounds by HPLC. A variable-wavelength ultraviolet detector is used simultaneously with a fixed-wavelength (254 nm) detector to positively identify each PAH by means of peak height ratios at the different wavelengths. An alternate method for isolating and concentrating PAH from water samples was also evaluated. A large volume of water was passed through a column packed with a reverse phase packing, C18-bonded silica, and the organic components were eluted using an organic solvent. This fraction was then analyzed as before. The overall effectiveness of the method has been evaluated using spiked samples containing several standard PAH and the use of an internal standard, such as 14C-labeled benzo[a] pyrene or perylene, has been investigated.
Download or read book Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Marcus Cooke and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
