Download or read book High latitude climate change in a global coupled ocean atmosphere sea ice model with increased atmospheric CO2 written by W.M. WASHINGTON and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific Assessment of Climate Change written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Linkages Between Arctic Warming and Mid Latitude Weather Patterns written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-05-29 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic has been undergoing significant changes in recent years. Average temperatures are rising twice as fast as they are elsewhere in the world. The extent and thickness of sea ice is rapidly declining. Such changes may have an impact on atmospheric conditions outside the region. Several hypotheses for how Arctic warming may be influencing mid-latitude weather patterns have been proposed recently. For example, Arctic warming could lead to a weakened jet stream resulting in more persistent weather patterns in the mid-latitudes. Or Arctic sea ice loss could lead to an increase of snow on high-latitude land, which in turn impacts the jet stream resulting in cold Eurasian and North American winters. These and other potential connections between a warming Arctic and mid-latitude weather are the subject of active research. Linkages Between Arctic Warming and Mid-Latitude Weather Patterns is the summary of a workshop convened in September 2013 by the National Research Council to review our current understanding and to discuss research needed to better understand proposed linkages. A diverse array of experts examined linkages between a warming Arctic and mid-latitude weather patterns. The workshop included presentations from leading researchers representing a range of views on this topic. The workshop was organized to allow participants to take a global perspective and consider the influence of the Arctic in the context of forcing from other components of the climate system, such as changes in the tropics, ocean circulation, and mid-latitude sea surface temperature. This report discusses our current understanding of the mechanisms that link declines in Arctic sea ice cover, loss of high-latitude snow cover, changes in Arctic-region energy fluxes, atmospheric circulation patterns, and the occurrence of extreme weather events; possible implications of more severe loss of summer Arctic sea ice upon weather patterns at lower latitudes; major gaps in our understanding, and observational and/or modeling efforts that are needed to fill those gaps; and current opportunities and limitations for using Arctic sea ice predictions to assess the risk of temperature/precipitation anomalies and extreme weather events over northern continents.
Download or read book Impact of Atmospheric CO2 and Atlantic Arctic Gateway Evolution on Miocene Climate and Ocean Circulation Changes written by Akil Hossain and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Miocene (23.03-5.33 Ma) was a time period with a warmer climate than today. During this period, changes in ocean gateways and atmospheric CO2 levels largely control ocean circulation and climate changes. However, the underlying ocean processes and dynamics are poorly understood and it remains a challenge to simulate Miocene climate key characteristics such as pronounced polar warming and a reduced meridional temperature gradient. By applying state-of-the-art fully coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea-ice model approaches Miocene climate conditions at different atmospheric CO2 concentrations are simulated and thermohaline changes in response to the subsidence of Atlantic-Arctic gateways for various Greenland-Scotland Ridge (GSR) and Fram Strait (FS) configurations are investigated. For a singular subsidence of the GSR, warming and a salinity increase in the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean is detected. As convection sites shift to the north of Iceland, North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) is formed at cooler temperatures. The associated deep ocean cooling and upwelling of deep waters to the Southern Ocean surface can cause a cooling in the southern high latitudes. These characteristic responses to the GSR deepening are independent of the FS being shallow or deep. An isolated subsidence or widening of the FS gateway for a deep GSR shows less pronounced warming and salinity increase in the Nordic Seas. Arctic temperatures remain unaltered, but a stronger salinity increase is detected, which further increases the density of NADW. The increase in salinity enhances the contribution of NADW to the abyssal ocean at the expense of the colder southern source water component. These relative changes cause a negligible warming in the upwelling regions of the Southern Ocean. For a sill depth of ~1500 m, ventilation of the Arctic Ocean is achieved due to enhanced import of saline Atlantic water through a FS width of ~105 km. Moreover, at this width and depth, a modern-like three-layer stratification in the Arctic Ocean is detected. The exchange flow through FS is characterized by vertical separation of a low salinity cold outflow from the Arctic Ocean confined to a thin upper layer, an intermediate saline inflow from the Atlantic Ocean below and a cold bottom Arctic outflow. These characteristics are comparable to the present-day hydrography, in spite of significantly shallower and narrower FS configurations during the early Miocene, suggesting that the ventilation mechanisms and stratification in the Arctic Ocean have been similar. In simulations with different CO2 levels (280, 450 and 720 ppm) surface temperatures show the best fit to proxy reconstructions for atmospheric CO2 concentrations of 720 ppm, since in particular the high latitude cooling bias becomes least pronounced. For a CO2 increase from 280 to 450 ppm polar amplification is simulated in the northern high latitudes, which is stronger than for the same radiative CO2 forcing from 450 to 720 ppm. At higher CO2 levels the Miocene climate also shows a reduced climate sensitivity, since the warmest Miocene climate scenario with a CO2 level of 720 ppm is characterized by a seasonality breakdown in the Arctic Ocean. A pronounced warming in boreal winter is detected for a CO2 increase from 450 to 720 ppm, in contrast to a moderate boreal summer temperature increase. This change in the seasonal temperature signature is accompanied by a strong sea-ice concentration decline and enhanced moisture availability promotes cloud formation in the summer months. As a consequence the planetary albedo increases and dampens the temperature response to the CO2 forcing at a warmer Miocene background climate.
Download or read book Arctic Climate Change written by Peter Lemke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-22 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic is now experiencing some of the most rapid and severe climate change on earth. Over the next 100 years, climate change is expected to accelerate, contributing to major physical, ecological, social, and economic changes, many of which have already begun. Changes in arctic climate will also affect the rest of the world through increased global warming and rising sea levels. The volume addresses the following major topics: - Research results in observing aspects of the Arctic climate system and its processes across a range of time and space scales - Representation of cryospheric, atmospheric, and oceanic processes in models, including simulation of their interaction with coupled models - Our understanding of the role of the Arctic in the global climate system, its response to large-scale climate variations, and the processes involved.
Download or read book Climate Change in the Polar Regions written by John Turner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-12 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The polar regions have experienced some remarkable environmental changes in recent decades, such as the Antarctic ozone hole, the loss of large amounts of sea ice from the Arctic Ocean and major warming on the Antarctic Peninsula. The polar regions are also predicted to warm more than any other region on Earth over the next century if greenhouse gas concentrations continue to rise. Yet trying to separate natural climate variability from anthropogenic factors still presents many problems. This book presents a thorough review of how the polar climates have changed over the last million years and sets recent changes within a long term perspective. The approach taken is highly cross-disciplinary and the close links between the atmosphere, ocean and ice at high latitudes are stressed. The volume will be invaluable for researchers and advanced students in polar science, climatology, global change, meteorology, oceanography and glaciology.
Download or read book Climate Variability of Southern High Latitude Regions written by Neloy Khare and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is the first book to provide a comprehensive overview of climate change-related investigations carried out by researchers in India through regarding initiatives in southern high latitude regions. It explains climate variability over the Southern Ocean and Antarctica; air, sea, ice, and atmosphere interactions and the impact of climate variability on sea, ice, and polar atmosphere. Using data gathered by two Indian research bases Maitri and Bharti, ideal sites to study and understand how Antarctic climate evolution has taken place in geological past and changed in the recent past, this book helps understand climatological perspectives and evaluate some of the most pressing issues in the south polar region"--
Download or read book Coupled Ocean atmosphere Models written by Jacques C. J. Nihoul and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1985 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exchange of momentum, heat, moisture, gases (such as CO 2 and O 2 ) and salt between the atmosphere and the ocean is a phenomenon of paramount importance for the dynamics of the atmosphere and the ocean. With the pressing need for reliable climate forecast (e.g. to deal with severe food and energy problems) interactive ocean-atmosphere models have become one of the main objectives of geophysical fluid dynamics. This volume provides the first state-of-the-art review of interactive ocean-atmosphere modelling and its application to climates. The papers are by active and eminent scientists from different countries and different disciplines. They provide a up-to-date survey of major recent discoveries and valuable recommendations for future research."
Download or read book The Regional Impacts of Climate Change written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group II. and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Download or read book Estimating the Response of the Sea Ice ocean atmosphere System to Paleoclimatic Orbital Variations Using Numerical Models written by Stephen J. Vavrus and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Arctic amplification Feedback process interactions and contributions written by Patrick Charles Taylor and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-03-15 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Climate Change written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Global Cryosphere written by Roger G. Barry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-05 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies indicate that - due to climate change - the Earth is undergoing rapid changes in all cryospheric components, including polar sea ice shrinkage, mountain glacier recession, thawing permafrost, and diminishing snow cover. This book provides a comprehensive summary of all components of the Earth's cryosphere, reviewing their history, physical and chemical characteristics, geographical distributions, and projected future states. This new edition has been completely updated throughout, and provides state-of-the-art data from GlobSnow-2 CRYOSAT, ICESAT, and GRACE. It includes a comprehensive summary of cryospheric changes in land ice, permafrost, freshwater ice, sea ice, and ice sheets. It discusses the models developed to understand cryosphere processes and predict future changes, including those based on remote sensing, field campaigns, and long-term ground observations. Boasting an extensive bibliography, over 120 figures, and end-of-chapter review questions, it is an ideal resource for students and researchers of the cryosphere.
Download or read book Arctic and Environmental Change written by J.A. Dowdeswell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely book presents a wide-ranging review of Arctic environmental change in response to global warming, and gives a broad insight into the transformation of the Arctic which we can expect during the next century. It is in high northern latitudes that we can expect to observe global warming at its most powerful, making it a natural laboratory where climate changes and their impacts can be monitored and studied more readily than elsewhere in the world. Fourteen authoritative reviews cover the predictions of warming rates by General Circulation Models; variabilities in atmospheric circulation and moisture flux; the dynamics of the polar vortex in the Arctic and its role in ozone loss; the countervailing influence of air pollution in reducing solar irradiance; and the impact of climatic change on Arctic terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Also detailed are the thermohaline circulation of the ocean, the extent and thickness of sea ice, the sizes of glaciers and ice sheets, and the extent of permafrost. Moving to past changes, the records from Greenland ice cores and deep ocean drilling are reviewed for what they tell us about past climates and glaciation in the Arctic., The book paints a vivid and disturbing picture of the enhanced warming that can be expected in the Arctic relative to lower latitudes, and of the major impacts that this will have on the northern cryosphere. It will be an invaluable reference for anyone seeking a greater understanding of the factors and processes affecting the arctic environment, which may ultimately have a major impact on global climatic change.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polar Ice and Global Warming in Cryosphere Regions written by Neloy Khare and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-03-21 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polar Ice and Global Warming in Cryosphere Regions is based on recent and past climate variabilities data gathered through satellites and spatial-temporal analysis to explain the role of global warming on cryosphere regions such as high-latitude Himalaya, Arctic and Antarctic regions, and the surrounding Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean. Through several case studies the book describes the atmospheric processes and their interactions with high-latitude regions toward a better understanding of climate variability. Understanding cryosphere regions helps readers develop plausible models for disaster risk management and policy on different polar events. Features Presents a thorough review on climate variability over the Southern Ocean and Antarctica, and the impact of climate variability and global warming on cryosphere regions Explains how the inferred climatological environmental conditions using natural archives may shed light on climate scenarios in cryosphere regions Includes case studies on globally connected geoscientific phenomena in the Himalayan, Arctic, and Antarctic regions Discusses the use of natural archives to explain the current climate scenario in the cryosphere regions Intended for researchers, academics, and graduate students following oceanography, meteorology, or environmental studies, and those working on projects related to climate change in governmental organizations, institutions, and global NGOs, this book outlines ways in which readers can initiate plans and policies to help mitigate the effects of global warming in these regions.
Download or read book Influence of Climate Change on the Changing Arctic and Sub Arctic Conditions written by Jacques Nihoul and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-01-25 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current warming trends in the Arctic may shove the Arctic system into a seasonally ice-free state not seen for more than one million years. The melting is accelerating, and researchers were unable to identify natural processes that might slow the deicing of the Arctic. Such substantial additional melting of Arctic and Antarctic glaciers and ice sheets would raise the sea level worldwide, flooding the coastal areas where many of the world's population lives. Studies, led by scientists at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and the University of Arizona, show that greenhouse gas increases over the next century could warm the Arctic by 3-5°C in summertime. Thus, Arctic summers by 2100 may be as warm as they were nearly 130,000 years ago, when sea levels eventually rose up to 6 m higher than today.
